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[rust.git] / clippy_lints / src / strings.rs
1 use rustc::hir::*;
2 use rustc::lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintArray, LintPass};
3 use rustc::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
4 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
5 use syntax::source_map::Spanned;
6
7 use if_chain::if_chain;
8
9 use crate::utils::SpanlessEq;
10 use crate::utils::{get_parent_expr, is_allowed, match_type, paths, span_lint, span_lint_and_sugg, walk_ptrs_ty};
11
12 declare_clippy_lint! {
13     /// **What it does:** Checks for string appends of the form `x = x + y` (without
14     /// `let`!).
15     ///
16     /// **Why is this bad?** It's not really bad, but some people think that the
17     /// `.push_str(_)` method is more readable.
18     ///
19     /// **Known problems:** None.
20     ///
21     /// **Example:**
22     ///
23     /// ```rust
24     /// let mut x = "Hello".to_owned();
25     /// x = x + ", World";
26     /// ```
27     pub STRING_ADD_ASSIGN,
28     pedantic,
29     "using `x = x + ..` where x is a `String` instead of `push_str()`"
30 }
31
32 declare_clippy_lint! {
33     /// **What it does:** Checks for all instances of `x + _` where `x` is of type
34     /// `String`, but only if [`string_add_assign`](#string_add_assign) does *not*
35     /// match.
36     ///
37     /// **Why is this bad?** It's not bad in and of itself. However, this particular
38     /// `Add` implementation is asymmetric (the other operand need not be `String`,
39     /// but `x` does), while addition as mathematically defined is symmetric, also
40     /// the `String::push_str(_)` function is a perfectly good replacement.
41     /// Therefore, some dislike it and wish not to have it in their code.
42     ///
43     /// That said, other people think that string addition, having a long tradition
44     /// in other languages is actually fine, which is why we decided to make this
45     /// particular lint `allow` by default.
46     ///
47     /// **Known problems:** None.
48     ///
49     /// **Example:**
50     ///
51     /// ```rust
52     /// let x = "Hello".to_owned();
53     /// x + ", World";
54     /// ```
55     pub STRING_ADD,
56     restriction,
57     "using `x + ..` where x is a `String` instead of `push_str()`"
58 }
59
60 declare_clippy_lint! {
61     /// **What it does:** Checks for the `as_bytes` method called on string literals
62     /// that contain only ASCII characters.
63     ///
64     /// **Why is this bad?** Byte string literals (e.g., `b"foo"`) can be used
65     /// instead. They are shorter but less discoverable than `as_bytes()`.
66     ///
67     /// **Known Problems:** None.
68     ///
69     /// **Example:**
70     /// ```rust
71     /// let bs = "a byte string".as_bytes();
72     /// ```
73     pub STRING_LIT_AS_BYTES,
74     style,
75     "calling `as_bytes` on a string literal instead of using a byte string literal"
76 }
77
78 declare_lint_pass!(StringAdd => [STRING_ADD, STRING_ADD_ASSIGN]);
79
80 impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for StringAdd {
81     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr) {
82         if let ExprKind::Binary(
83             Spanned {
84                 node: BinOpKind::Add, ..
85             },
86             ref left,
87             _,
88         ) = e.kind
89         {
90             if is_string(cx, left) {
91                 if !is_allowed(cx, STRING_ADD_ASSIGN, e.hir_id) {
92                     let parent = get_parent_expr(cx, e);
93                     if let Some(p) = parent {
94                         if let ExprKind::Assign(ref target, _) = p.kind {
95                             // avoid duplicate matches
96                             if SpanlessEq::new(cx).eq_expr(target, left) {
97                                 return;
98                             }
99                         }
100                     }
101                 }
102                 span_lint(
103                     cx,
104                     STRING_ADD,
105                     e.span,
106                     "you added something to a string. Consider using `String::push_str()` instead",
107                 );
108             }
109         } else if let ExprKind::Assign(ref target, ref src) = e.kind {
110             if is_string(cx, target) && is_add(cx, src, target) {
111                 span_lint(
112                     cx,
113                     STRING_ADD_ASSIGN,
114                     e.span,
115                     "you assigned the result of adding something to this string. Consider using \
116                      `String::push_str()` instead",
117                 );
118             }
119         }
120     }
121 }
122
123 fn is_string(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, e: &Expr) -> bool {
124     match_type(cx, walk_ptrs_ty(cx.tables.expr_ty(e)), &paths::STRING)
125 }
126
127 fn is_add(cx: &LateContext<'_, '_>, src: &Expr, target: &Expr) -> bool {
128     match src.kind {
129         ExprKind::Binary(
130             Spanned {
131                 node: BinOpKind::Add, ..
132             },
133             ref left,
134             _,
135         ) => SpanlessEq::new(cx).eq_expr(target, left),
136         ExprKind::Block(ref block, _) => {
137             block.stmts.is_empty() && block.expr.as_ref().map_or(false, |expr| is_add(cx, expr, target))
138         },
139         _ => false,
140     }
141 }
142
143 // Max length a b"foo" string can take
144 const MAX_LENGTH_BYTE_STRING_LIT: usize = 32;
145
146 declare_lint_pass!(StringLitAsBytes => [STRING_LIT_AS_BYTES]);
147
148 impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for StringLitAsBytes {
149     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, e: &'tcx Expr) {
150         use crate::utils::{snippet, snippet_with_applicability};
151         use syntax::ast::LitKind;
152
153         if_chain! {
154             if let ExprKind::MethodCall(path, _, args) = &e.kind;
155             if path.ident.name == sym!(as_bytes);
156             if let ExprKind::Lit(lit) = &args[0].kind;
157             if let LitKind::Str(lit_content, _) = &lit.node;
158             then {
159                 let callsite = snippet(cx, args[0].span.source_callsite(), r#""foo""#);
160                 let mut applicability = Applicability::MachineApplicable;
161                 if callsite.starts_with("include_str!") {
162                     span_lint_and_sugg(
163                         cx,
164                         STRING_LIT_AS_BYTES,
165                         e.span,
166                         "calling `as_bytes()` on `include_str!(..)`",
167                         "consider using `include_bytes!(..)` instead",
168                         snippet_with_applicability(cx, args[0].span, r#""foo""#, &mut applicability).replacen(
169                             "include_str",
170                             "include_bytes",
171                             1,
172                         ),
173                         applicability,
174                     );
175                 } else if lit_content.as_str().is_ascii()
176                     && lit_content.as_str().len() <= MAX_LENGTH_BYTE_STRING_LIT
177                     && !args[0].span.from_expansion()
178                 {
179                     span_lint_and_sugg(
180                         cx,
181                         STRING_LIT_AS_BYTES,
182                         e.span,
183                         "calling `as_bytes()` on a string literal",
184                         "consider using a byte string literal instead",
185                         format!(
186                             "b{}",
187                             snippet_with_applicability(cx, args[0].span, r#""foo""#, &mut applicability)
188                         ),
189                         applicability,
190                     );
191                 }
192             }
193         }
194     }
195 }