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[rust.git] / clippy_lints / src / non_expressive_names.rs
1 use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_then};
2 use rustc_ast::ast::{
3     self, Arm, AssocItem, AssocItemKind, Attribute, Block, FnDecl, Item, ItemKind, Local, Pat, PatKind,
4 };
5 use rustc_ast::visit::{walk_block, walk_expr, walk_pat, Visitor};
6 use rustc_lint::{EarlyContext, EarlyLintPass, LintContext};
7 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
8 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
9 use rustc_span::source_map::Span;
10 use rustc_span::sym;
11 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
12 use std::cmp::Ordering;
13
14 declare_clippy_lint! {
15     /// ### What it does
16     /// Checks for names that are very similar and thus confusing.
17     ///
18     /// ### Why is this bad?
19     /// It's hard to distinguish between names that differ only
20     /// by a single character.
21     ///
22     /// ### Example
23     /// ```ignore
24     /// let checked_exp = something;
25     /// let checked_expr = something_else;
26     /// ```
27     #[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
28     pub SIMILAR_NAMES,
29     pedantic,
30     "similarly named items and bindings"
31 }
32
33 declare_clippy_lint! {
34     /// ### What it does
35     /// Checks for too many variables whose name consists of a
36     /// single character.
37     ///
38     /// ### Why is this bad?
39     /// It's hard to memorize what a variable means without a
40     /// descriptive name.
41     ///
42     /// ### Example
43     /// ```ignore
44     /// let (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) = (...);
45     /// ```
46     #[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
47     pub MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES,
48     pedantic,
49     "too many single character bindings"
50 }
51
52 declare_clippy_lint! {
53     /// ### What it does
54     /// Checks if you have variables whose name consists of just
55     /// underscores and digits.
56     ///
57     /// ### Why is this bad?
58     /// It's hard to memorize what a variable means without a
59     /// descriptive name.
60     ///
61     /// ### Example
62     /// ```rust
63     /// let _1 = 1;
64     /// let ___1 = 1;
65     /// let __1___2 = 11;
66     /// ```
67     #[clippy::version = "pre 1.29.0"]
68     pub JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS,
69     style,
70     "unclear name"
71 }
72
73 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
74 pub struct NonExpressiveNames {
75     pub single_char_binding_names_threshold: u64,
76 }
77
78 impl_lint_pass!(NonExpressiveNames => [SIMILAR_NAMES, MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES, JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS]);
79
80 struct ExistingName {
81     interned: Symbol,
82     span: Span,
83     len: usize,
84     exemptions: &'static [&'static str],
85 }
86
87 struct SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
88     names: Vec<ExistingName>,
89     cx: &'a EarlyContext<'tcx>,
90     lint: &'a NonExpressiveNames,
91
92     /// A stack of scopes containing the single-character bindings in each scope.
93     single_char_names: Vec<Vec<Ident>>,
94 }
95
96 impl<'a, 'tcx> SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
97     fn check_single_char_names(&self) {
98         let num_single_char_names = self.single_char_names.iter().flatten().count();
99         let threshold = self.lint.single_char_binding_names_threshold;
100         if num_single_char_names as u64 > threshold {
101             let span = self
102                 .single_char_names
103                 .iter()
104                 .flatten()
105                 .map(|ident| ident.span)
106                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
107             span_lint(
108                 self.cx,
109                 MANY_SINGLE_CHAR_NAMES,
110                 span,
111                 &format!(
112                     "{} bindings with single-character names in scope",
113                     num_single_char_names
114                 ),
115             );
116         }
117     }
118 }
119
120 // this list contains lists of names that are allowed to be similar
121 // the assumption is that no name is ever contained in multiple lists.
122 #[rustfmt::skip]
123 const ALLOWED_TO_BE_SIMILAR: &[&[&str]] = &[
124     &["parsed", "parser"],
125     &["lhs", "rhs"],
126     &["tx", "rx"],
127     &["set", "get"],
128     &["args", "arms"],
129     &["qpath", "path"],
130     &["lit", "lint"],
131     &["wparam", "lparam"],
132     &["iter", "item"],
133 ];
134
135 struct SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b>(&'b mut SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx>);
136
137 impl<'a, 'tcx, 'b> Visitor<'tcx> for SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b> {
138     fn visit_pat(&mut self, pat: &'tcx Pat) {
139         match pat.kind {
140             PatKind::Ident(_, ident, _) => {
141                 if !pat.span.from_expansion() {
142                     self.check_ident(ident);
143                 }
144             },
145             PatKind::Struct(_, _, ref fields, _) => {
146                 for field in fields {
147                     if !field.is_shorthand {
148                         self.visit_pat(&field.pat);
149                     }
150                 }
151             },
152             // just go through the first pattern, as either all patterns
153             // bind the same bindings or rustc would have errored much earlier
154             PatKind::Or(ref pats) => self.visit_pat(&pats[0]),
155             _ => walk_pat(self, pat),
156         }
157     }
158 }
159
160 #[must_use]
161 fn get_exemptions(interned_name: &str) -> Option<&'static [&'static str]> {
162     ALLOWED_TO_BE_SIMILAR
163         .iter()
164         .find(|&&list| allowed_to_be_similar(interned_name, list))
165         .copied()
166 }
167
168 #[must_use]
169 fn allowed_to_be_similar(interned_name: &str, list: &[&str]) -> bool {
170     list.iter()
171         .any(|&name| interned_name.starts_with(name) || interned_name.ends_with(name))
172 }
173
174 impl<'a, 'tcx, 'b> SimilarNamesNameVisitor<'a, 'tcx, 'b> {
175     fn check_short_ident(&mut self, ident: Ident) {
176         // Ignore shadowing
177         if self
178             .0
179             .single_char_names
180             .iter()
181             .flatten()
182             .any(|id| id.name == ident.name)
183         {
184             return;
185         }
186
187         if let Some(scope) = &mut self.0.single_char_names.last_mut() {
188             scope.push(ident);
189         }
190     }
191
192     #[expect(clippy::too_many_lines)]
193     fn check_ident(&mut self, ident: Ident) {
194         let interned_name = ident.name.as_str();
195         if interned_name.chars().any(char::is_uppercase) {
196             return;
197         }
198         if interned_name.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || c == '_') {
199             span_lint(
200                 self.0.cx,
201                 JUST_UNDERSCORES_AND_DIGITS,
202                 ident.span,
203                 "consider choosing a more descriptive name",
204             );
205             return;
206         }
207         if interned_name.starts_with('_') {
208             // these bindings are typically unused or represent an ignored portion of a destructuring pattern
209             return;
210         }
211         let count = interned_name.chars().count();
212         if count < 3 {
213             if count == 1 {
214                 self.check_short_ident(ident);
215             }
216             return;
217         }
218         for existing_name in &self.0.names {
219             if allowed_to_be_similar(interned_name, existing_name.exemptions) {
220                 continue;
221             }
222             match existing_name.len.cmp(&count) {
223                 Ordering::Greater => {
224                     if existing_name.len - count != 1
225                         || levenstein_not_1(interned_name, existing_name.interned.as_str())
226                     {
227                         continue;
228                     }
229                 },
230                 Ordering::Less => {
231                     if count - existing_name.len != 1
232                         || levenstein_not_1(existing_name.interned.as_str(), interned_name)
233                     {
234                         continue;
235                     }
236                 },
237                 Ordering::Equal => {
238                     let mut interned_chars = interned_name.chars();
239                     let interned_str = existing_name.interned.as_str();
240                     let mut existing_chars = interned_str.chars();
241                     let first_i = interned_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least one char");
242                     let first_e = existing_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least one char");
243                     let eq_or_numeric = |(a, b): (char, char)| a == b || a.is_numeric() && b.is_numeric();
244
245                     if eq_or_numeric((first_i, first_e)) {
246                         let last_i = interned_chars.next_back().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
247                         let last_e = existing_chars.next_back().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
248                         if eq_or_numeric((last_i, last_e)) {
249                             if interned_chars
250                                 .zip(existing_chars)
251                                 .filter(|&ie| !eq_or_numeric(ie))
252                                 .count()
253                                 != 1
254                             {
255                                 continue;
256                             }
257                         } else {
258                             let second_last_i = interned_chars
259                                 .next_back()
260                                 .expect("we know we have at least three chars");
261                             let second_last_e = existing_chars
262                                 .next_back()
263                                 .expect("we know we have at least three chars");
264                             if !eq_or_numeric((second_last_i, second_last_e))
265                                 || second_last_i == '_'
266                                 || !interned_chars.zip(existing_chars).all(eq_or_numeric)
267                             {
268                                 // allowed similarity foo_x, foo_y
269                                 // or too many chars differ (foo_x, boo_y) or (foox, booy)
270                                 continue;
271                             }
272                         }
273                     } else {
274                         let second_i = interned_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
275                         let second_e = existing_chars.next().expect("we know we have at least two chars");
276                         if !eq_or_numeric((second_i, second_e))
277                             || second_i == '_'
278                             || !interned_chars.zip(existing_chars).all(eq_or_numeric)
279                         {
280                             // allowed similarity x_foo, y_foo
281                             // or too many chars differ (x_foo, y_boo) or (xfoo, yboo)
282                             continue;
283                         }
284                     }
285                 },
286             }
287             span_lint_and_then(
288                 self.0.cx,
289                 SIMILAR_NAMES,
290                 ident.span,
291                 "binding's name is too similar to existing binding",
292                 |diag| {
293                     diag.span_note(existing_name.span, "existing binding defined here");
294                 },
295             );
296             return;
297         }
298         self.0.names.push(ExistingName {
299             exemptions: get_exemptions(interned_name).unwrap_or(&[]),
300             interned: ident.name,
301             span: ident.span,
302             len: count,
303         });
304     }
305 }
306
307 impl<'a, 'b> SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'b> {
308     /// ensure scoping rules work
309     fn apply<F: for<'c> Fn(&'c mut Self)>(&mut self, f: F) {
310         let n = self.names.len();
311         let single_char_count = self.single_char_names.len();
312         f(self);
313         self.names.truncate(n);
314         self.single_char_names.truncate(single_char_count);
315     }
316 }
317
318 impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for SimilarNamesLocalVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
319     fn visit_local(&mut self, local: &'tcx Local) {
320         if let Some((init, els)) = &local.kind.init_else_opt() {
321             self.apply(|this| walk_expr(this, init));
322             if let Some(els) = els {
323                 self.apply(|this| walk_block(this, els));
324             }
325         }
326         // add the pattern after the expression because the bindings aren't available
327         // yet in the init
328         // expression
329         SimilarNamesNameVisitor(self).visit_pat(&local.pat);
330     }
331     fn visit_block(&mut self, blk: &'tcx Block) {
332         self.single_char_names.push(vec![]);
333
334         self.apply(|this| walk_block(this, blk));
335
336         self.check_single_char_names();
337         self.single_char_names.pop();
338     }
339     fn visit_arm(&mut self, arm: &'tcx Arm) {
340         self.single_char_names.push(vec![]);
341
342         self.apply(|this| {
343             SimilarNamesNameVisitor(this).visit_pat(&arm.pat);
344             this.apply(|this| walk_expr(this, &arm.body));
345         });
346
347         self.check_single_char_names();
348         self.single_char_names.pop();
349     }
350     fn visit_item(&mut self, _: &Item) {
351         // do not recurse into inner items
352     }
353 }
354
355 impl EarlyLintPass for NonExpressiveNames {
356     fn check_item(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, item: &Item) {
357         if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), item.span) {
358             return;
359         }
360
361         if let ItemKind::Fn(box ast::Fn {
362             ref sig,
363             body: Some(ref blk),
364             ..
365         }) = item.kind
366         {
367             do_check(self, cx, &item.attrs, &sig.decl, blk);
368         }
369     }
370
371     fn check_impl_item(&mut self, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, item: &AssocItem) {
372         if in_external_macro(cx.sess(), item.span) {
373             return;
374         }
375
376         if let AssocItemKind::Fn(box ast::Fn {
377             ref sig,
378             body: Some(ref blk),
379             ..
380         }) = item.kind
381         {
382             do_check(self, cx, &item.attrs, &sig.decl, blk);
383         }
384     }
385 }
386
387 fn do_check(lint: &mut NonExpressiveNames, cx: &EarlyContext<'_>, attrs: &[Attribute], decl: &FnDecl, blk: &Block) {
388     if !attrs.iter().any(|attr| attr.has_name(sym::test)) {
389         let mut visitor = SimilarNamesLocalVisitor {
390             names: Vec::new(),
391             cx,
392             lint,
393             single_char_names: vec![vec![]],
394         };
395
396         // initialize with function arguments
397         for arg in &decl.inputs {
398             SimilarNamesNameVisitor(&mut visitor).visit_pat(&arg.pat);
399         }
400         // walk all other bindings
401         walk_block(&mut visitor, blk);
402
403         visitor.check_single_char_names();
404     }
405 }
406
407 /// Precondition: `a_name.chars().count() < b_name.chars().count()`.
408 #[must_use]
409 fn levenstein_not_1(a_name: &str, b_name: &str) -> bool {
410     debug_assert!(a_name.chars().count() < b_name.chars().count());
411     let mut a_chars = a_name.chars();
412     let mut b_chars = b_name.chars();
413     while let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (a_chars.next(), b_chars.next()) {
414         if a == b {
415             continue;
416         }
417         if let Some(b2) = b_chars.next() {
418             // check if there's just one character inserted
419             return a != b2 || a_chars.ne(b_chars);
420         }
421         // tuple
422         // ntuple
423         return true;
424     }
425     // for item in items
426     true
427 }