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[rust.git] / clippy_lints / src / default.rs
1 use crate::utils::{any_parent_is_automatically_derived, contains_name, match_def_path, paths, qpath_res, snippet};
2 use crate::utils::{span_lint_and_note, span_lint_and_sugg};
3 use if_chain::if_chain;
4 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
5 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
6 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
7 use rustc_hir::{Block, Expr, ExprKind, PatKind, QPath, Stmt, StmtKind};
8 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
9 use rustc_middle::ty;
10 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
11 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
12 use rustc_span::Span;
13
14 declare_clippy_lint! {
15     /// **What it does:** Checks for literal calls to `Default::default()`.
16     ///
17     /// **Why is this bad?** It's more clear to the reader to use the name of the type whose default is
18     /// being gotten than the generic `Default`.
19     ///
20     /// **Known problems:** None.
21     ///
22     /// **Example:**
23     /// ```rust
24     /// // Bad
25     /// let s: String = Default::default();
26     ///
27     /// // Good
28     /// let s = String::default();
29     /// ```
30     pub DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS,
31     pedantic,
32     "checks for literal calls to `Default::default()`"
33 }
34
35 declare_clippy_lint! {
36     /// **What it does:** Checks for immediate reassignment of fields initialized
37     /// with Default::default().
38     ///
39     /// **Why is this bad?**It's more idiomatic to use the [functional update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/struct-expr.html#functional-update-syntax).
40     ///
41     /// **Known problems:** Assignments to patterns that are of tuple type are not linted.
42     ///
43     /// **Example:**
44     /// Bad:
45     /// ```
46     /// # #[derive(Default)]
47     /// # struct A { i: i32 }
48     /// let mut a: A = Default::default();
49     /// a.i = 42;
50     /// ```
51     /// Use instead:
52     /// ```
53     /// # #[derive(Default)]
54     /// # struct A { i: i32 }
55     /// let a = A {
56     ///     i: 42,
57     ///     .. Default::default()
58     /// };
59     /// ```
60     pub FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT,
61     style,
62     "binding initialized with Default should have its fields set in the initializer"
63 }
64
65 #[derive(Default)]
66 pub struct Default {
67     // Spans linted by `field_reassign_with_default`.
68     reassigned_linted: FxHashSet<Span>,
69 }
70
71 impl_lint_pass!(Default => [DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS, FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT]);
72
73 impl LateLintPass<'_> for Default {
74     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
75         if_chain! {
76             // Avoid cases already linted by `field_reassign_with_default`
77             if !self.reassigned_linted.contains(&expr.span);
78             if let ExprKind::Call(ref path, ..) = expr.kind;
79             if !any_parent_is_automatically_derived(cx.tcx, expr.hir_id);
80             if let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = path.kind;
81             if let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, path.hir_id).opt_def_id();
82             if match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::DEFAULT_TRAIT_METHOD);
83             // Detect and ignore <Foo as Default>::default() because these calls do explicitly name the type.
84             if let QPath::Resolved(None, _path) = qpath;
85             then {
86                 let expr_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr);
87                 if let ty::Adt(def, ..) = expr_ty.kind() {
88                     // TODO: Work out a way to put "whatever the imported way of referencing
89                     // this type in this file" rather than a fully-qualified type.
90                     let replacement = format!("{}::default()", cx.tcx.def_path_str(def.did));
91                     span_lint_and_sugg(
92                         cx,
93                         DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS,
94                         expr.span,
95                         &format!("calling `{}` is more clear than this expression", replacement),
96                         "try",
97                         replacement,
98                         Applicability::Unspecified, // First resolve the TODO above
99                     );
100                 }
101             }
102         }
103     }
104
105     fn check_block<'tcx>(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, block: &Block<'tcx>) {
106         // start from the `let mut _ = _::default();` and look at all the following
107         // statements, see if they re-assign the fields of the binding
108         let stmts_head = match block.stmts {
109             // Skip the last statement since there cannot possibly be any following statements that re-assign fields.
110             [head @ .., _] if !head.is_empty() => head,
111             _ => return,
112         };
113         for (stmt_idx, stmt) in stmts_head.iter().enumerate() {
114             // find all binding statements like `let mut _ = T::default()` where `T::default()` is the
115             // `default` method of the `Default` trait, and store statement index in current block being
116             // checked and the name of the bound variable
117             let (local, variant, binding_name, binding_type, span) = if_chain! {
118                 // only take `let ...` statements
119                 if let StmtKind::Local(local) = stmt.kind;
120                 if let Some(expr) = local.init;
121                 // only take bindings to identifiers
122                 if let PatKind::Binding(_, binding_id, ident, _) = local.pat.kind;
123                 // only when assigning `... = Default::default()`
124                 if is_expr_default(expr, cx);
125                 let binding_type = cx.typeck_results().node_type(binding_id);
126                 if let Some(adt) = binding_type.ty_adt_def();
127                 if adt.is_struct();
128                 let variant = adt.non_enum_variant();
129                 if adt.did.is_local() || !variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive();
130                 let module_did = cx.tcx.parent_module(stmt.hir_id).to_def_id();
131                 if variant
132                     .fields
133                     .iter()
134                     .all(|field| field.vis.is_accessible_from(module_did, cx.tcx));
135                 then {
136                     (local, variant, ident.name, binding_type, expr.span)
137                 } else {
138                     continue;
139                 }
140             };
141
142             // find all "later statement"'s where the fields of the binding set as
143             // Default::default() get reassigned, unless the reassignment refers to the original binding
144             let mut first_assign = None;
145             let mut assigned_fields = Vec::new();
146             let mut cancel_lint = false;
147             for consecutive_statement in &block.stmts[stmt_idx + 1..] {
148                 // find out if and which field was set by this `consecutive_statement`
149                 if let Some((field_ident, assign_rhs)) = field_reassigned_by_stmt(consecutive_statement, binding_name) {
150                     // interrupt and cancel lint if assign_rhs references the original binding
151                     if contains_name(binding_name, assign_rhs) {
152                         cancel_lint = true;
153                         break;
154                     }
155
156                     // if the field was previously assigned, replace the assignment, otherwise insert the assignment
157                     if let Some(prev) = assigned_fields
158                         .iter_mut()
159                         .find(|(field_name, _)| field_name == &field_ident.name)
160                     {
161                         *prev = (field_ident.name, assign_rhs);
162                     } else {
163                         assigned_fields.push((field_ident.name, assign_rhs));
164                     }
165
166                     // also set first instance of error for help message
167                     if first_assign.is_none() {
168                         first_assign = Some(consecutive_statement);
169                     }
170                 }
171                 // interrupt if no field was assigned, since we only want to look at consecutive statements
172                 else {
173                     break;
174                 }
175             }
176
177             // if there are incorrectly assigned fields, do a span_lint_and_note to suggest
178             // construction using `Ty { fields, ..Default::default() }`
179             if !assigned_fields.is_empty() && !cancel_lint {
180                 // if all fields of the struct are not assigned, add `.. Default::default()` to the suggestion.
181                 let ext_with_default = !variant
182                     .fields
183                     .iter()
184                     .all(|field| assigned_fields.iter().any(|(a, _)| a == &field.ident.name));
185
186                 let field_list = assigned_fields
187                     .into_iter()
188                     .map(|(field, rhs)| {
189                         // extract and store the assigned value for help message
190                         let value_snippet = snippet(cx, rhs.span, "..");
191                         format!("{}: {}", field, value_snippet)
192                     })
193                     .collect::<Vec<String>>()
194                     .join(", ");
195
196                 let sugg = if ext_with_default {
197                     if field_list.is_empty() {
198                         format!("{}::default()", binding_type)
199                     } else {
200                         format!("{} {{ {}, ..Default::default() }}", binding_type, field_list)
201                     }
202                 } else {
203                     format!("{} {{ {} }}", binding_type, field_list)
204                 };
205
206                 // span lint once per statement that binds default
207                 span_lint_and_note(
208                     cx,
209                     FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT,
210                     first_assign.unwrap().span,
211                     "field assignment outside of initializer for an instance created with Default::default()",
212                     Some(local.span),
213                     &format!(
214                         "consider initializing the variable with `{}` and removing relevant reassignments",
215                         sugg
216                     ),
217                 );
218                 self.reassigned_linted.insert(span);
219             }
220         }
221     }
222 }
223
224 /// Checks if the given expression is the `default` method belonging to the `Default` trait.
225 fn is_expr_default<'tcx>(expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>) -> bool {
226     if_chain! {
227         if let ExprKind::Call(ref fn_expr, _) = &expr.kind;
228         if let ExprKind::Path(qpath) = &fn_expr.kind;
229         if let Res::Def(_, def_id) = qpath_res(cx, qpath, fn_expr.hir_id);
230         then {
231             // right hand side of assignment is `Default::default`
232             match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::DEFAULT_TRAIT_METHOD)
233         } else {
234             false
235         }
236     }
237 }
238
239 /// Returns the reassigned field and the assigning expression (right-hand side of assign).
240 fn field_reassigned_by_stmt<'tcx>(this: &Stmt<'tcx>, binding_name: Symbol) -> Option<(Ident, &'tcx Expr<'tcx>)> {
241     if_chain! {
242         // only take assignments
243         if let StmtKind::Semi(ref later_expr) = this.kind;
244         if let ExprKind::Assign(ref assign_lhs, ref assign_rhs, _) = later_expr.kind;
245         // only take assignments to fields where the left-hand side field is a field of
246         // the same binding as the previous statement
247         if let ExprKind::Field(ref binding, field_ident) = assign_lhs.kind;
248         if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = binding.kind;
249         if let Some(second_binding_name) = path.segments.last();
250         if second_binding_name.ident.name == binding_name;
251         then {
252             Some((field_ident, assign_rhs))
253         } else {
254             None
255         }
256     }
257 }