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1 use crate::utils::{
2     any_parent_is_automatically_derived, contains_name, match_def_path, paths, snippet_with_macro_callsite,
3 };
4 use crate::utils::{span_lint_and_note, span_lint_and_sugg};
5 use if_chain::if_chain;
6 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
7 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
8 use rustc_hir::def::Res;
9 use rustc_hir::{Block, Expr, ExprKind, PatKind, QPath, Stmt, StmtKind};
10 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
11 use rustc_middle::lint::in_external_macro;
12 use rustc_middle::ty;
13 use rustc_session::{declare_tool_lint, impl_lint_pass};
14 use rustc_span::symbol::{Ident, Symbol};
15 use rustc_span::Span;
16
17 declare_clippy_lint! {
18     /// **What it does:** Checks for literal calls to `Default::default()`.
19     ///
20     /// **Why is this bad?** It's more clear to the reader to use the name of the type whose default is
21     /// being gotten than the generic `Default`.
22     ///
23     /// **Known problems:** None.
24     ///
25     /// **Example:**
26     /// ```rust
27     /// // Bad
28     /// let s: String = Default::default();
29     ///
30     /// // Good
31     /// let s = String::default();
32     /// ```
33     pub DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS,
34     pedantic,
35     "checks for literal calls to `Default::default()`"
36 }
37
38 declare_clippy_lint! {
39     /// **What it does:** Checks for immediate reassignment of fields initialized
40     /// with Default::default().
41     ///
42     /// **Why is this bad?**It's more idiomatic to use the [functional update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/struct-expr.html#functional-update-syntax).
43     ///
44     /// **Known problems:** Assignments to patterns that are of tuple type are not linted.
45     ///
46     /// **Example:**
47     /// Bad:
48     /// ```
49     /// # #[derive(Default)]
50     /// # struct A { i: i32 }
51     /// let mut a: A = Default::default();
52     /// a.i = 42;
53     /// ```
54     /// Use instead:
55     /// ```
56     /// # #[derive(Default)]
57     /// # struct A { i: i32 }
58     /// let a = A {
59     ///     i: 42,
60     ///     .. Default::default()
61     /// };
62     /// ```
63     pub FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT,
64     style,
65     "binding initialized with Default should have its fields set in the initializer"
66 }
67
68 #[derive(Default)]
69 pub struct Default {
70     // Spans linted by `field_reassign_with_default`.
71     reassigned_linted: FxHashSet<Span>,
72 }
73
74 impl_lint_pass!(Default => [DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS, FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT]);
75
76 impl LateLintPass<'_> for Default {
77     fn check_expr(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, expr: &'tcx Expr<'_>) {
78         if_chain! {
79             // Avoid cases already linted by `field_reassign_with_default`
80             if !self.reassigned_linted.contains(&expr.span);
81             if let ExprKind::Call(ref path, ..) = expr.kind;
82             if !any_parent_is_automatically_derived(cx.tcx, expr.hir_id);
83             if let ExprKind::Path(ref qpath) = path.kind;
84             if let Some(def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, path.hir_id).opt_def_id();
85             if match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::DEFAULT_TRAIT_METHOD);
86             // Detect and ignore <Foo as Default>::default() because these calls do explicitly name the type.
87             if let QPath::Resolved(None, _path) = qpath;
88             then {
89                 let expr_ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr);
90                 if let ty::Adt(def, ..) = expr_ty.kind() {
91                     // TODO: Work out a way to put "whatever the imported way of referencing
92                     // this type in this file" rather than a fully-qualified type.
93                     let replacement = format!("{}::default()", cx.tcx.def_path_str(def.did));
94                     span_lint_and_sugg(
95                         cx,
96                         DEFAULT_TRAIT_ACCESS,
97                         expr.span,
98                         &format!("calling `{}` is more clear than this expression", replacement),
99                         "try",
100                         replacement,
101                         Applicability::Unspecified, // First resolve the TODO above
102                     );
103                 }
104             }
105         }
106     }
107
108     fn check_block<'tcx>(&mut self, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, block: &Block<'tcx>) {
109         // start from the `let mut _ = _::default();` and look at all the following
110         // statements, see if they re-assign the fields of the binding
111         let stmts_head = match block.stmts {
112             // Skip the last statement since there cannot possibly be any following statements that re-assign fields.
113             [head @ .., _] if !head.is_empty() => head,
114             _ => return,
115         };
116         for (stmt_idx, stmt) in stmts_head.iter().enumerate() {
117             // find all binding statements like `let mut _ = T::default()` where `T::default()` is the
118             // `default` method of the `Default` trait, and store statement index in current block being
119             // checked and the name of the bound variable
120             let (local, variant, binding_name, binding_type, span) = if_chain! {
121                 // only take `let ...` statements
122                 if let StmtKind::Local(local) = stmt.kind;
123                 if let Some(expr) = local.init;
124                 if !any_parent_is_automatically_derived(cx.tcx, expr.hir_id);
125                 if !in_external_macro(cx.tcx.sess, expr.span);
126                 // only take bindings to identifiers
127                 if let PatKind::Binding(_, binding_id, ident, _) = local.pat.kind;
128                 // only when assigning `... = Default::default()`
129                 if is_expr_default(expr, cx);
130                 let binding_type = cx.typeck_results().node_type(binding_id);
131                 if let Some(adt) = binding_type.ty_adt_def();
132                 if adt.is_struct();
133                 let variant = adt.non_enum_variant();
134                 if adt.did.is_local() || !variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive();
135                 let module_did = cx.tcx.parent_module(stmt.hir_id).to_def_id();
136                 if variant
137                     .fields
138                     .iter()
139                     .all(|field| field.vis.is_accessible_from(module_did, cx.tcx));
140                 then {
141                     (local, variant, ident.name, binding_type, expr.span)
142                 } else {
143                     continue;
144                 }
145             };
146
147             // find all "later statement"'s where the fields of the binding set as
148             // Default::default() get reassigned, unless the reassignment refers to the original binding
149             let mut first_assign = None;
150             let mut assigned_fields = Vec::new();
151             let mut cancel_lint = false;
152             for consecutive_statement in &block.stmts[stmt_idx + 1..] {
153                 // find out if and which field was set by this `consecutive_statement`
154                 if let Some((field_ident, assign_rhs)) = field_reassigned_by_stmt(consecutive_statement, binding_name) {
155                     // interrupt and cancel lint if assign_rhs references the original binding
156                     if contains_name(binding_name, assign_rhs) {
157                         cancel_lint = true;
158                         break;
159                     }
160
161                     // if the field was previously assigned, replace the assignment, otherwise insert the assignment
162                     if let Some(prev) = assigned_fields
163                         .iter_mut()
164                         .find(|(field_name, _)| field_name == &field_ident.name)
165                     {
166                         *prev = (field_ident.name, assign_rhs);
167                     } else {
168                         assigned_fields.push((field_ident.name, assign_rhs));
169                     }
170
171                     // also set first instance of error for help message
172                     if first_assign.is_none() {
173                         first_assign = Some(consecutive_statement);
174                     }
175                 }
176                 // interrupt if no field was assigned, since we only want to look at consecutive statements
177                 else {
178                     break;
179                 }
180             }
181
182             // if there are incorrectly assigned fields, do a span_lint_and_note to suggest
183             // construction using `Ty { fields, ..Default::default() }`
184             if !assigned_fields.is_empty() && !cancel_lint {
185                 // if all fields of the struct are not assigned, add `.. Default::default()` to the suggestion.
186                 let ext_with_default = !variant
187                     .fields
188                     .iter()
189                     .all(|field| assigned_fields.iter().any(|(a, _)| a == &field.ident.name));
190
191                 let field_list = assigned_fields
192                     .into_iter()
193                     .map(|(field, rhs)| {
194                         // extract and store the assigned value for help message
195                         let value_snippet = snippet_with_macro_callsite(cx, rhs.span, "..");
196                         format!("{}: {}", field, value_snippet)
197                     })
198                     .collect::<Vec<String>>()
199                     .join(", ");
200
201                 let sugg = if ext_with_default {
202                     if field_list.is_empty() {
203                         format!("{}::default()", binding_type)
204                     } else {
205                         format!("{} {{ {}, ..Default::default() }}", binding_type, field_list)
206                     }
207                 } else {
208                     format!("{} {{ {} }}", binding_type, field_list)
209                 };
210
211                 // span lint once per statement that binds default
212                 span_lint_and_note(
213                     cx,
214                     FIELD_REASSIGN_WITH_DEFAULT,
215                     first_assign.unwrap().span,
216                     "field assignment outside of initializer for an instance created with Default::default()",
217                     Some(local.span),
218                     &format!(
219                         "consider initializing the variable with `{}` and removing relevant reassignments",
220                         sugg
221                     ),
222                 );
223                 self.reassigned_linted.insert(span);
224             }
225         }
226     }
227 }
228
229 /// Checks if the given expression is the `default` method belonging to the `Default` trait.
230 fn is_expr_default<'tcx>(expr: &'tcx Expr<'tcx>, cx: &LateContext<'tcx>) -> bool {
231     if_chain! {
232         if let ExprKind::Call(ref fn_expr, _) = &expr.kind;
233         if let ExprKind::Path(qpath) = &fn_expr.kind;
234         if let Res::Def(_, def_id) = cx.qpath_res(qpath, fn_expr.hir_id);
235         then {
236             // right hand side of assignment is `Default::default`
237             match_def_path(cx, def_id, &paths::DEFAULT_TRAIT_METHOD)
238         } else {
239             false
240         }
241     }
242 }
243
244 /// Returns the reassigned field and the assigning expression (right-hand side of assign).
245 fn field_reassigned_by_stmt<'tcx>(this: &Stmt<'tcx>, binding_name: Symbol) -> Option<(Ident, &'tcx Expr<'tcx>)> {
246     if_chain! {
247         // only take assignments
248         if let StmtKind::Semi(ref later_expr) = this.kind;
249         if let ExprKind::Assign(ref assign_lhs, ref assign_rhs, _) = later_expr.kind;
250         // only take assignments to fields where the left-hand side field is a field of
251         // the same binding as the previous statement
252         if let ExprKind::Field(ref binding, field_ident) = assign_lhs.kind;
253         if let ExprKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, path)) = binding.kind;
254         if let Some(second_binding_name) = path.segments.last();
255         if second_binding_name.ident.name == binding_name;
256         then {
257             Some((field_ident, assign_rhs))
258         } else {
259             None
260         }
261     }
262 }