1 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
2 -------------------------
4 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
7 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
8 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
9 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
11 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
13 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
14 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
15 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
16 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
17 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
18 reference counting have been removed.
19 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
20 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
21 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
22 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
23 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
24 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
26 * Unnecessary parentheses
30 * Publicly visible private types
31 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
32 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
33 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
34 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
35 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
36 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
37 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
38 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
39 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
40 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
41 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
42 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
43 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
45 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
46 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
47 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
48 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
50 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
51 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
52 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
53 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
55 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
56 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
57 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
60 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
61 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
62 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
63 documentation index page.
64 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
65 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
66 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
67 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
68 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
69 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
70 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
71 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
72 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
73 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
74 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
75 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
76 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
77 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
78 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
79 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
80 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
81 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
82 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
83 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
84 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
85 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
86 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
87 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
88 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
89 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
90 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
91 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
92 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
93 still implement the function.
94 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
95 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
96 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
97 print them in exponential notation.
98 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
99 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
100 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
101 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
102 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
103 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
104 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
105 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
106 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
107 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
108 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
109 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
110 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
111 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
112 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
113 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
114 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
115 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
117 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
118 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
120 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
121 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
122 and various trimming of code.
123 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
124 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
125 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
126 dropping redundant functionality.
127 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
128 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
129 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
130 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
132 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
133 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
137 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
138 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
139 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
140 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
142 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
144 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
145 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
146 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
147 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
148 android much more reliable.
149 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
150 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
151 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
152 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
153 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
154 function to fix the error.
155 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
157 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
158 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
159 * render standalone markdown files.
160 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
161 * exported macros are displayed.
162 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
164 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
167 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
168 --------------------------
170 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
173 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
174 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
175 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
176 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
177 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preperation for future removal. Use the
178 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
179 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
180 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
182 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
183 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
184 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
185 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
187 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
188 * `@fn`s have been removed.
189 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
191 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
192 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
193 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
194 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
195 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
196 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
197 terminated with a semicolon.
198 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
199 no longer has any special meaning.
200 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
201 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
202 `print!` and `println!`.
203 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
204 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
205 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
206 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
207 * Macros can have attributes.
208 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
209 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
210 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
211 * Comments may be nested.
212 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
214 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
215 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
216 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
217 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
218 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
219 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
220 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
221 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
222 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
223 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
224 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
225 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
226 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
227 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
228 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
229 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
230 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
232 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
233 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
234 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
236 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
238 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
239 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
240 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
241 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
242 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
243 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
244 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
245 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
246 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
247 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
248 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
249 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
250 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
253 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
254 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
255 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
256 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
257 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
259 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
260 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
261 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
262 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
263 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
264 just a wrapper around it).
265 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
266 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
267 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
268 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
269 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for insterting breakpoints
270 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
271 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
272 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
273 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
274 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
275 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
276 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
277 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
278 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
279 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
280 if the index is out of bounds.
281 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
282 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
283 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
284 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
286 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
288 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
289 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
290 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
291 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
293 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
294 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
295 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
296 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
297 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
298 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
299 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
300 embeded environments.
301 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
302 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
304 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
305 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
306 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
308 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
310 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
311 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
312 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
313 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
314 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
315 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
319 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
321 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
322 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
323 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
324 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
325 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
326 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
327 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
328 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
329 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
332 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
333 --------------------------
335 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
338 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
339 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
340 * Default methods are ready for use.
341 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
342 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
343 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
344 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
346 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
347 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
349 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
350 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
351 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
352 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
353 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
354 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
355 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
356 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
357 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
358 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
359 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
360 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
361 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
362 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
363 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
364 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
365 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
366 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
367 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
368 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
369 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
370 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
371 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
372 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
373 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
374 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
375 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
376 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
377 prefixes (default: allow).
378 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
379 `std::unstable::simd`.
380 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
381 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
382 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
383 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
384 extension) to stdout.
385 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
386 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
387 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
388 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
389 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
391 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
392 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
393 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
397 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
398 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
400 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
401 `uint::range` and friends.
402 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
403 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
404 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
405 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
406 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
407 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
408 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
409 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
411 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
412 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
414 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
416 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
417 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
419 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
420 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
421 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
422 no longer function pointers.
423 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
424 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
425 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
427 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
428 is required in implementations.
429 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
430 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
431 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
432 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
433 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
434 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
436 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
437 sense in the new scheduler design.
438 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
440 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
441 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
442 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
443 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
444 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
445 default implementations.
446 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
447 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
448 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
449 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
450 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
451 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
452 * extra: `rope` was removed.
453 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
454 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
455 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
456 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
457 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
458 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
459 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
460 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
461 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
462 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
463 * extra: `par` module removed.
464 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
465 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
468 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
469 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
470 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
471 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
472 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
473 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
474 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
476 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
477 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
478 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
479 * All tools have man pages.
480 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
481 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
482 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
483 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
484 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
485 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
487 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
488 -----------------------
490 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
493 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
495 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
496 many bugs and inconveniences.
497 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
498 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
499 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
501 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
502 so they compose better.
503 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
504 * Trait default methods work more often.
505 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
506 no padding between fields.
507 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
509 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
510 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
511 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
512 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
513 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
514 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
515 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
517 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
519 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
520 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
521 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
522 are never implicitly copyable.
523 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
524 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
525 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
528 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
530 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
531 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
533 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
534 and unsuffixed integer literals.
537 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
538 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
539 * More and improved documentation.
540 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
541 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
542 implementations of `Iterator`.
543 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
544 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
545 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
546 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
547 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
548 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
549 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
550 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
551 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
552 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
553 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
554 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
555 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
556 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
557 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
558 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
559 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
560 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
561 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
562 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
563 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
564 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
565 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
566 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
567 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
568 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
569 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
570 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
571 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
572 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
573 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
574 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
575 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
576 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
577 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
578 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
579 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
580 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
583 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
584 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
586 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
588 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
589 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
590 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
591 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
592 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
593 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
594 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
595 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
596 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
597 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
598 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
599 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
600 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
601 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
603 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
604 ------------------------
606 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
609 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
610 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
611 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
612 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
613 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
614 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
615 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
616 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
617 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
618 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
619 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
620 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
621 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
622 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
623 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
624 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
625 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
626 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
627 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
628 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
629 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
630 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
631 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
632 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
633 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
634 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
635 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
636 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
637 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
638 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
639 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
640 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
641 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
643 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
644 instead of `foo as Bar`.
645 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
646 instead of `[int * 3]`.
647 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
648 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
651 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
652 eliminating the `move` keyword
653 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
654 * &mut is now unaliasable
655 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
657 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
658 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
659 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
660 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
661 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
662 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
663 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
664 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
665 * Structural records have been removed
666 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
667 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
668 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
669 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
670 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
671 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
672 tagged with #[macro_escape]
675 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
676 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
677 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
678 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
679 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
680 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
681 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
682 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
683 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
684 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
685 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
686 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
687 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
688 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
689 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
690 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
691 by certain container types
694 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
695 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
696 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
697 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
698 * Improved support for ARM and Android
699 * Preliminary MIPS backend
700 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
701 * Various memory usage improvements
702 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
703 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
705 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
706 ---------------------------
708 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
711 * Removed `<-` move operator
712 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
713 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
714 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
715 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
716 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
717 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
718 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
719 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
720 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
723 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
724 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
725 * Enum variants may be structs
726 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
727 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
728 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
729 without writing `move` explicitly
730 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
731 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
732 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
733 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
734 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
737 * Improved support for language features
738 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
739 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
740 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
741 * Static methods work in more situations
742 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
746 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
747 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
748 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
749 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
750 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
751 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
752 * Moved futures to `std`
753 * More functions are pure now
754 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
755 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
758 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
759 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
761 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
762 --------------------------
764 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
767 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
768 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
769 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
770 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
771 * Explicit method self types
772 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
773 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
774 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
775 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
776 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
777 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
778 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
781 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
782 * Trait methods may be static
783 * Argument modes are deprecated
784 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
785 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
786 * Typestate was removed
787 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
788 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
791 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
793 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
794 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
795 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
798 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
799 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
800 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
802 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
803 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
804 * More robust linked task failure
805 * Improved task builder API
808 * Improved error reporting
809 * Preliminary JIT support
810 * Preliminary work on precise GC
811 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
812 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
813 Rust-based (visitor) code
814 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
816 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
817 ------------------------
819 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
821 * New coding conveniences
822 * Integer-literal suffix inference
823 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
824 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
825 * Documentation comments
826 * More compact closure syntax
827 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
829 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
832 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
833 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
835 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
836 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
837 * Extensive work on region pointers
839 * Experimental new language features
840 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
841 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
842 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
843 type-parameterized classes and class methods
844 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
845 shared-memory concurrency patterns
849 * Removal of various obsolete features
850 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
851 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
853 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
854 resources (replaced by destructors)
856 * Compiler reorganization
857 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
858 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
859 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
863 * Extension methods for many built-in types
864 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
865 * Par: parallel map and search routines
866 * Extensive work on libuv interface
867 * Much vector code moved to libraries
868 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
869 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
872 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
874 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
875 -------------------------
877 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
879 * New docs and doc tooling
881 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
883 * Compilation model enhancements
884 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
885 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
887 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
888 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
889 * Explicit schedulers
893 * Experimental new language features
894 * Operator overloading
898 * Various language extensions
899 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
900 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
901 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
902 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
903 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
904 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
905 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
908 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
909 * Revived libuv interface
910 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
911 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
912 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
914 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
915 -------------------------------
917 * Most language features work, including:
918 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
919 * Interface-constrained generics
920 * Static interface dispatch
922 * Multithread task scheduling
923 * Typestate predicates
924 * Failure unwinding, destructors
925 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
926 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
927 * Preliminary macro-by-example
929 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
930 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
931 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
932 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
934 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
936 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
940 * Documentation is incomplete.
942 * Performance is below intended target.
944 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
946 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
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