1 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
2 ----------------------------------
4 * ~2300 changes, numerous bugfixes
8 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
9 though there is a significant amount of cleanup and bugfixes
11 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
12 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces will not change.
13 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
14 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
15 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
16 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
17 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more guides, more
18 API coverage and more examples.
19 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
24 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
25 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
26 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
27 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
28 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
29 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
30 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
32 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
33 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
34 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
36 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
38 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
39 supports OS threads, not green threads.
40 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
41 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
42 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
44 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
45 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
46 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
48 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
49 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
51 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
52 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
53 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
54 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
55 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
56 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
57 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
58 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
59 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Share` will soon become pure
60 library types unknown to the compiler).
61 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
62 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
63 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
65 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
66 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
68 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
69 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
70 for 1.0. Effort has gone into future-proofing it in ways that
71 will allow other macro systems to be developed in parallel, and
72 won't otherwise impact the evolution of the language.
73 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
74 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
75 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
76 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
77 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
78 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
79 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
80 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
81 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
82 unboxed closures to work.
83 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
84 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
85 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
86 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
87 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
88 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
90 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
91 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
93 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
94 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
95 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
99 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
100 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
101 improvements throughout the standard library.
102 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
103 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
104 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
105 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
106 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
107 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
108 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
109 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
110 syscall when available.
111 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
112 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
113 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
114 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
115 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
116 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
117 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
118 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
119 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
120 represented as strings.
124 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
125 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
127 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
128 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
129 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
130 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
135 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
136 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
137 space than the inner types themselves.
138 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
140 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
141 [unboxed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0114-closures.md
142 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
143 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
144 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
145 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
146 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
147 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
148 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
149 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
150 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
151 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
152 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
153 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
154 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
155 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
156 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
157 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
158 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
159 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
160 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
161 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
162 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
163 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
164 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
165 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
166 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
167 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
168 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
169 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
171 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
172 -----------------------------
174 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
178 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
179 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
181 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
182 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
183 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
184 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
185 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
186 stabilization progress.
187 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
188 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
189 be installed with Cargo.
190 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
191 function declarations in many common scenarios.
192 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
195 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
197 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
198 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
199 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
200 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
201 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
202 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
203 impossible with the existing syntax.
204 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
205 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
206 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
207 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
208 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
209 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
210 potential additional uses of the syntax.
211 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
212 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
214 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
215 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
216 gate and may be removed in the future.
217 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
218 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
220 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
221 is handled by the package manager.
222 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
223 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
224 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
226 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
228 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
229 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
230 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
231 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
232 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
233 that capture by value.
234 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
235 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
236 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
237 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
239 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
240 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
242 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
243 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
244 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
245 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
246 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
247 (`[T]`) and trait types.
248 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
249 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
251 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
252 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
253 revisited in the future.
256 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
257 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
258 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
259 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
261 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
263 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
264 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
265 `Timespec` arithmetic.
266 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
267 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
268 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
269 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
270 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
271 idiomatic and efficient design.
274 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
275 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
276 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
277 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
278 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
279 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
280 package manager for versioning.
281 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
282 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
283 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
284 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
285 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
289 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
290 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
291 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
293 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
294 -------------------------
296 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
299 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
301 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
303 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
305 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
306 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
307 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
308 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
309 instead of any integral type.
310 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
311 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
312 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
313 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
314 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
315 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
316 is still provided by a library implementation.
317 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
318 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
319 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
320 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
321 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
322 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
323 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
324 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
325 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
326 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
327 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
328 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
329 if, while, match, and for..in.
330 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
332 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
333 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
334 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
336 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
337 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
340 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
341 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
342 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
344 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
345 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
346 kernel development for example.
347 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
348 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
349 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
350 better error messages.
351 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
352 around the Result type.
353 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
355 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
356 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
357 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
358 their forward-iteration counterparts.
359 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
360 management of bit flags.
361 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
362 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
363 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
364 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
365 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
366 to being based on methods.
367 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
368 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
369 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
370 and sized deallocation
371 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
372 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
374 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
375 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
376 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
378 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
379 an external libdebug crate.
380 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
381 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
382 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
383 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
385 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
386 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
389 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
390 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
391 discovery of breaking changes.
392 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
393 lifetime-related error occurs.
394 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
395 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
396 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
397 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
398 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
399 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
400 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
401 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
402 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
403 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
404 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
405 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
406 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
407 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
408 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
409 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
410 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
411 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
412 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
414 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
415 sharing rust code examples on-line.
416 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
417 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
418 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
419 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
420 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
421 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
422 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
425 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
426 -------------------------
428 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
431 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
432 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
433 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
435 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
437 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
438 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
439 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
440 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
441 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
442 reference counting have been removed.
443 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
444 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
445 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
446 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
447 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
448 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
450 * Unnecessary parentheses
453 * Uppercase variables
454 * Publicly visible private types
455 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
456 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
457 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
458 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
459 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
460 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
461 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
462 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
463 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
464 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
465 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
466 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
467 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
469 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
470 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
471 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
472 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
474 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
475 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
476 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
477 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
479 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
480 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
481 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
484 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
485 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
486 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
487 documentation index page.
488 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
489 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
490 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
491 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
492 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
493 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
494 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
495 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
496 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
497 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
498 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
499 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
500 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
501 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
502 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
503 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
504 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
505 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
506 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
507 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
508 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
509 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
510 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
511 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
512 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
513 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
514 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
515 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
516 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
517 still implement the function.
518 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
519 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
520 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
521 print them in exponential notation.
522 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
523 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
524 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
525 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
526 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
527 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
528 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
529 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
530 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
531 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
532 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
533 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
534 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
535 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
536 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
537 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
538 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
539 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
541 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
542 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
544 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
545 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
546 and various trimming of code.
547 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
548 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
549 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
550 dropping redundant functionality.
551 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
552 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
553 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
554 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
556 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
557 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
561 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
562 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
563 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
564 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
566 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
568 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
569 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
570 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
571 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
572 android much more reliable.
573 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
574 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
575 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
576 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
577 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
578 function to fix the error.
579 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
581 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
582 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
583 * render standalone markdown files.
584 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
585 * exported macros are displayed.
586 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
588 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
591 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
592 --------------------------
594 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
597 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
598 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
599 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
600 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
601 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
602 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
603 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
604 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
606 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
607 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
608 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
609 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
611 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
612 * `@fn`s have been removed.
613 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
615 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
616 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
617 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
618 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
619 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
620 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
621 terminated with a semicolon.
622 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
623 no longer has any special meaning.
624 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
625 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
626 `print!` and `println!`.
627 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
628 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
629 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
630 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
631 * Macros can have attributes.
632 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
633 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
634 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
635 * Comments may be nested.
636 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
638 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
639 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
640 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
641 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
642 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
643 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
644 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
645 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
646 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
647 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
648 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
649 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
650 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
651 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
652 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
653 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
654 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
656 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
657 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
658 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
660 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
662 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
663 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
664 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
665 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
666 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
667 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
668 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
669 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
670 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
671 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
672 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
673 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
674 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
677 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
678 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
679 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
680 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
681 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
683 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
684 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
685 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
686 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
687 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
688 just a wrapper around it).
689 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
690 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
691 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
692 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
693 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
694 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
695 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
696 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
697 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
698 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
699 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
700 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
701 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
702 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
703 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
704 if the index is out of bounds.
705 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
706 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
707 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
708 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
710 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
712 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
713 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
714 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
715 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
717 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
718 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
719 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
720 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
721 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
722 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
723 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
724 embedded environments.
725 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
726 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
728 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
729 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
730 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
732 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
734 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
735 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
736 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
737 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
738 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
739 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
743 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
745 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
746 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
747 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
748 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
749 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
750 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
751 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
752 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
753 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
756 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
757 --------------------------
759 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
762 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
763 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
764 * Default methods are ready for use.
765 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
766 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
767 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
768 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
770 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
771 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
773 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
774 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
775 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
776 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
777 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
778 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
779 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
780 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
781 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
782 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
783 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
784 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
785 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
786 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
787 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
788 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
789 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
790 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
791 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
792 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
793 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
794 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
795 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
796 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
797 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
798 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
799 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
800 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
801 prefixes (default: allow).
802 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
803 `std::unstable::simd`.
804 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
805 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
806 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
807 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
808 extension) to stdout.
809 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
810 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
811 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
812 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
813 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
815 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
816 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
817 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
821 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
822 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
824 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
825 `uint::range` and friends.
826 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
827 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
828 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
829 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
830 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
831 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
832 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
833 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
835 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
836 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
838 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
840 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
841 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
843 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
844 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
845 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
846 no longer function pointers.
847 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
848 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
849 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
851 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
852 is required in implementations.
853 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
854 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
855 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
856 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
857 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
858 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
860 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
861 sense in the new scheduler design.
862 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
864 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
865 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
866 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
867 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
868 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
869 default implementations.
870 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
871 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
872 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
873 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
874 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
875 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
876 * extra: `rope` was removed.
877 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
878 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
879 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
880 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
881 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
882 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
883 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
884 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
885 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
886 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
887 * extra: `par` module removed.
888 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
889 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
892 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
893 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
894 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
895 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
896 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
897 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
898 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
900 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
901 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
902 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
903 * All tools have man pages.
904 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
905 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
906 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
907 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
908 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
909 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
911 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
912 -----------------------
914 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
917 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
919 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
920 many bugs and inconveniences.
921 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
922 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
923 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
925 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
926 so they compose better.
927 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
928 * Trait default methods work more often.
929 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
930 no padding between fields.
931 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
933 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
934 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
935 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
936 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
937 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
938 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
939 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
941 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
943 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
944 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
945 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
946 are never implicitly copyable.
947 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
948 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
949 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
952 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
954 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
955 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
957 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
958 and unsuffixed integer literals.
961 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
962 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
963 * More and improved documentation.
964 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
965 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
966 implementations of `Iterator`.
967 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
968 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
969 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
970 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
971 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
972 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
973 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
974 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
975 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
976 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
977 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
978 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
979 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
980 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
981 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
982 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
983 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
984 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
985 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
986 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
987 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
988 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
989 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
990 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
991 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
992 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
993 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
994 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
995 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
996 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
997 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
998 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
999 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1000 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1001 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1002 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1003 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1004 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1007 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1008 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1010 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1012 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1013 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1014 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1015 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1016 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1017 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1018 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1019 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1020 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1021 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1022 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1023 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1024 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1025 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1027 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1028 ------------------------
1030 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1033 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1034 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1035 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1036 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1037 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1038 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1039 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1040 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1041 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1042 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1043 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1044 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1045 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1046 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1047 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1048 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1049 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1050 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1051 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1052 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1053 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1054 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1055 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1056 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1057 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1058 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1059 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1060 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1061 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1062 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1063 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1064 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1065 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1066 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1067 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1068 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1069 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1070 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1071 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1072 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1075 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1076 eliminating the `move` keyword
1077 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1078 * &mut is now unaliasable
1079 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1081 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1082 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1083 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1084 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1085 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1086 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1087 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1088 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1089 * Structural records have been removed
1090 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1091 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1092 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1093 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1094 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1095 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1096 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1099 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1100 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1101 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1102 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1103 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1104 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1105 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1106 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1107 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1108 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1109 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1110 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1111 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1112 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1113 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1114 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1115 by certain container types
1118 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1119 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1120 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1121 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1122 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1123 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1124 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1125 * Various memory usage improvements
1126 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1127 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1129 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1130 ---------------------------
1132 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1135 * Removed `<-` move operator
1136 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1137 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1138 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1139 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1140 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1141 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1142 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1143 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1144 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1147 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1148 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1149 * Enum variants may be structs
1150 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1151 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1152 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1153 without writing `move` explicitly
1154 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1155 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1156 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1157 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1158 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1161 * Improved support for language features
1162 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1163 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1164 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1165 * Static methods work in more situations
1166 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1170 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1171 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1172 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1173 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1174 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1175 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1176 * Moved futures to `std`
1177 * More functions are pure now
1178 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1179 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1182 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1183 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1185 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1186 --------------------------
1188 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1191 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1192 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1193 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1194 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1195 * Explicit method self types
1196 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1197 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1198 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1199 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1200 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1201 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1202 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1205 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1206 * Trait methods may be static
1207 * Argument modes are deprecated
1208 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1209 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1210 * Typestate was removed
1211 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1212 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1215 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1217 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1218 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1219 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1222 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1223 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1224 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1226 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1227 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1228 * More robust linked task failure
1229 * Improved task builder API
1232 * Improved error reporting
1233 * Preliminary JIT support
1234 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1235 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1236 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1237 Rust-based (visitor) code
1238 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1240 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1241 ------------------------
1243 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1245 * New coding conveniences
1246 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1247 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1248 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1249 * Documentation comments
1250 * More compact closure syntax
1251 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1253 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1256 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1257 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1259 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1260 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1261 * Extensive work on region pointers
1263 * Experimental new language features
1264 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1265 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1266 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1267 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1268 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1269 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1273 * Removal of various obsolete features
1274 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1275 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1277 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1278 resources (replaced by destructors)
1280 * Compiler reorganization
1281 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1282 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1283 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1286 * New time functions
1287 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1288 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1289 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1290 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1291 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1292 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1293 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1296 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1298 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1299 -------------------------
1301 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1303 * New docs and doc tooling
1305 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1307 * Compilation model enhancements
1308 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1309 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1311 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1312 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1313 * Explicit schedulers
1317 * Experimental new language features
1318 * Operator overloading
1322 * Various language extensions
1323 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1324 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1325 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1326 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1327 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1328 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1329 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1332 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1333 * Revived libuv interface
1334 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1335 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1336 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1338 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1339 -------------------------------
1341 * Most language features work, including:
1342 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1343 * Interface-constrained generics
1344 * Static interface dispatch
1346 * Multithread task scheduling
1347 * Typestate predicates
1348 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1349 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1350 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1351 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1353 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1354 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1355 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1356 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1358 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1360 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1364 * Documentation is incomplete.
1366 * Performance is below intended target.
1368 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1370 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will