1 Version 1.7.0 (2016-03-03)
2 ==========================
7 * Soundness fixes to the interactions between associated types and
8 lifetimes, specified in [RFC 1214], [now generate errors][1.7sf] for
9 code that violates the new rules. This is a significant change that
10 is known to break existing code, so it has emitted warnings for the
11 new error cases since 1.4 to give crate authors time to adapt. The
12 details of what is changing are subtle; read the RFC for more.
18 [`Path::strip_prefix`][] (renamed from relative_from),
19 [`path::StripPrefixError`][] (new error type returned from strip_prefix),
20 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`],
21 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`],
22 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`],
23 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`],
24 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`],
25 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`],
26 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`],
27 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`],
28 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`],
30 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`],
32 [`String::as_mut_str`],
33 `<[T]>::`[`clone_from_slice`], which now requires the two slices to
35 `<[T]>::`[`sort_by_key`],
40 [`i32::saturating_mul`],
41 [`i32::overflowing_add`],
42 [`i32::overflowing_sub`],
43 [`i32::overflowing_mul`],
44 [`i32::overflowing_div`],
45 [`i32::overflowing_rem`],
46 [`i32::overflowing_neg`],
47 [`i32::overflowing_shl`],
48 [`i32::overflowing_shr`],
53 [`u32::saturating_mul`],
54 [`u32::overflowing_add`],
55 [`u32::overflowing_sub`],
56 [`u32::overflowing_mul`],
57 [`u32::overflowing_div`],
58 [`u32::overflowing_rem`],
59 [`u32::overflowing_neg`],
60 [`u32::overflowing_shl`],
61 [`u32::overflowing_shr`],
62 checked, saturated, and overflowing operations for other primitive types,
63 [`ffi::IntoStringError`],
64 [`CString::into_string`],
65 [`CString::into_bytes`],
66 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`],
67 `From<CString> for Vec<u8>`,
68 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`],
69 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`],
70 `Error for IntoStringError`.
71 * [Validating UTF-8 is faster by a factor of between 7 and 14x for
72 ASCII input][1.7utf8]. This means that creating `String`s and `str`s
74 * [The performance of `LineWriter` (and thus `io::stdout`) was
75 improved by using `memchr` to search for newlines][1.7m].
76 * [`f32::to_degrees` and `f32::to_radians` are stable][1.7f]. The
77 `f64` variants were stabilized previously.
78 * [`BTreeMap` was rewritten to use less memory and improve the performance
79 of insertion and iteration, the latter by as much as 5x`][1.7bm].
80 * [`BTreeSet` and its iterators, `Iter`, `IntoIter`, and `Range` are
81 covariant over their contained type][1.7bt].
82 * [`LinkedList` and its iterators, `Iter` and `IntoIter` are covariant
83 over their contained type][1.7ll].
84 * [`str::replace` now accepts a `Pattern`][1.7rp], like other string
86 * [`Any` is implemented for unsized types][1.7a].
87 * [`Hash` is implemented for `Duration`][1.7h].
92 * [The `--error-format=json` flag to `rustc` causes it to emit errors
93 in JSON format][1.7j]. This is an unstable flag and so also requires
94 the `-Z unstable-options` flag.
95 * [When running tests with `--test`, rustdoc will pass `--cfg`
96 arguments to the compiler][1.7dt].
97 * [The compiler is built with RPATH information by default][1.7rpa].
98 This means that it will be possible to run `rustc` when installed in
99 unusual configurations without configuring the dynamic linker search
101 * [`rustc` passes `--enable-new-dtags` to GNU ld][1.7dta]. This makes
102 any RPATH entries (emitted with `-C rpath`) *not* take precedence
103 over `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
108 * [`cargo rustc` accepts a `--profile` flag that runs `rustc` under
109 any of the compilation profiles, 'dev', 'bench', or 'test'][1.7cp].
110 * [The `rerun-if-changed` build script directive no longer causes the
111 build script to incorrectly run twice in certain scenarios][1.7rr].
116 * [Several bugs in the compiler's visibility calculations were
117 fixed][1.7v]. Since this was found to break significant amounts of
118 code, the new errors will be emitted as warnings for several release
119 cycles, under the `private_in_public` lint.
120 * Defaulted type parameters were accidentally accepted in positions
121 that were not intended. In this release, [defaulted type parameters
122 appearing outside of type definitions will generate a
123 warning][1.7d], which will become an error in future releases.
124 * [Parsing "." as a float results in an error instead of
125 0][1.7p]. That is, `".".parse::<f32>()` returns `Err`, not `Ok(0)`.
126 * [Borrows of closure parameters may not outlive the closure][1.7bc].
128 [1.7a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30928
129 [1.7bc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30341
130 [1.7bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30426
131 [1.7bt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
132 [1.7cp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2224
133 [1.7d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30724
134 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30372
135 [1.7dta]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30394
136 [1.7f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30672
137 [1.7h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30818
138 [1.7j]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30711
139 [1.7ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30663
140 [1.7m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30381
141 [1.7p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30681
142 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29498
143 [1.7rpa]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30353
144 [1.7rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2279
145 [1.7sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30389
146 [1.7utf8]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30740
147 [1.7v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29973
148 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
149 [`clone_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.clone_from_slice
150 [`sort_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by_key
151 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes_with_nul
152 [`CString::into_bytes`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes
153 [`CString::into_string`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_string
154 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.into_cstring
155 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.utf8_error
156 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_broadcast
157 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_documentation
158 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_link_local
159 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_loopback
160 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_multicast
161 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_private
162 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_loopback
163 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_multicast
164 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_unspecified
165 [`Path::strip_prefix`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.strip_prefix
166 [`String::as_mut_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_mut_str
167 [`String::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_str
168 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_mut_slice
169 [`Vec::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_slice
170 [`ffi::IntoStringError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html
171 [`i32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_neg
172 [`i32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_rem
173 [`i32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shl
174 [`i32::checked_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shr
175 [`i32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_add
176 [`i32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_div
177 [`i32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_mul
178 [`i32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_neg
179 [`i32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_rem
180 [`i32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shl
181 [`i32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shr
182 [`i32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_sub
183 [`i32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.saturating_mul
184 [`path::StripPrefixError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.StripPrefixError.html
185 [`u32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_rem
186 [`u32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_neg
187 [`u32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_shl
188 [`u32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_add
189 [`u32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_div
190 [`u32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_mul
191 [`u32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_neg
192 [`u32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_rem
193 [`u32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shl
194 [`u32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shr
195 [`u32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_sub
196 [`u32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.saturating_mul
199 Version 1.6.0 (2016-01-21)
200 ==========================
205 * The `#![no_std]` attribute causes a crate to not be linked to the
206 standard library, but only the [core library][1.6co], as described
207 in [RFC 1184]. The core library defines common types and traits but
208 has no platform dependencies whatsoever, and is the basis for Rust
209 software in environments that cannot support a full port of the
210 standard library, such as operating systems. Most of the core
211 library is now stable.
217 [`Read::read_exact`],
218 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`][] (renamed from `UnexpectedEOF`),
219 [`fs::DirBuilder`], [`fs::DirBuilder::new`],
220 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`], [`fs::DirBuilder::create`],
221 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`],
222 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`], [`vec::Drain`],
223 [`vec::Vec::drain`], [`string::Drain`], [`string::String::drain`],
224 [`vec_deque::Drain`], [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`],
225 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`],
226 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`],
227 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`],
228 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`],
229 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`],
230 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`],
231 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`][] (renamed from `push_all`),
232 [`Mutex::get_mut`], [`Mutex::into_inner`], [`RwLock::get_mut`],
233 [`RwLock::into_inner`],
234 [`Iterator::min_by_key`][] (renamed from `min_by`),
235 [`Iterator::max_by_key`][] (renamed from `max_by`).
236 * The [core library][1.6co] is stable, as are most of its APIs.
237 * [The `assert_eq!` macro supports arguments that don't implement
238 `Sized`][1.6ae], such as arrays. In this way it behaves more like
240 * Several timer functions that take duration in milliseconds [are
241 deprecated in favor of those that take `Duration`][1.6ms]. These
242 include `Condvar::wait_timeout_ms`, `thread::sleep_ms`, and
243 `thread::park_timeout_ms`.
244 * The algorithm by which `Vec` reserves additional elements was
245 [tweaked to not allocate excessive space][1.6a] while still growing
247 * `From` conversions are [implemented from integers to floats][1.6f]
248 in cases where the conversion is lossless. Thus they are not
249 implemented for 32-bit ints to `f32`, nor for 64-bit ints to `f32`
250 or `f64`. They are also not implemented for `isize` and `usize`
251 because the implementations would be platform-specific. `From` is
252 also implemented from `f32` to `f64`.
253 * `From<&Path>` and `From<PathBuf>` are implemented for `Cow<Path>`.
254 * `From<T>` is implemented for `Box<T>`, `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`.
255 * `IntoIterator` is implemented for `&PathBuf` and `&Path`.
256 * [`BinaryHeap` was refactored][1.6bh] for modest performance
258 * Sorting slices that are already sorted [is 50% faster in some
264 * Cargo will look in `$CARGO_HOME/bin` for subcommands [by default][1.6c].
265 * Cargo build scripts can specify their dependencies by emitting the
266 [`rerun-if-changed`][1.6rr] key.
267 * crates.io will reject publication of crates with dependencies that
268 have a wildcard version constraint. Crates with wildcard
269 dependencies were seen to cause a variety of problems, as described
270 in [RFC 1241]. Since 1.5 publication of such crates has emitted a
272 * `cargo clean` [accepts a `--release` flag][1.6cc] to clean the
273 release folder. A variety of artifacts that Cargo failed to clean
274 are now correctly deleted.
279 * The `unreachable_code` lint [warns when a function call's argument
281 * The parser indicates [failures that may be caused by
282 confusingly-similar Unicode characters][1.6uc]
283 * Certain macro errors [are reported at definition time][1.6m], not
289 * The compiler no longer makes use of the [`RUST_PATH`][1.6rp]
290 environment variable when locating crates. This was a pre-cargo
291 feature for integrating with the package manager that was
292 accidentally never removed.
293 * [A number of bugs were fixed in the privacy checker][1.6p] that
294 could cause previously-accepted code to break.
295 * [Modules and unit/tuple structs may not share the same name][1.6ts].
296 * [Bugs in pattern matching unit structs were fixed][1.6us]. The tuple
297 struct pattern syntax (`Foo(..)`) can no longer be used to match
298 unit structs. This is a warning now, but will become an error in
299 future releases. Patterns that share the same name as a const are
301 * A bug was fixed that causes [rustc not to apply default type
302 parameters][1.6xc] when resolving certain method implementations of
303 traits defined in other crates.
305 [1.6a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29454
306 [1.6ae]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29770
307 [1.6bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29811
308 [1.6c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2192
309 [1.6cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2131
310 [1.6co]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/core/index.html
311 [1.6dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30000
312 [1.6f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
313 [1.6m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29828
314 [1.6ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29604
315 [1.6p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29726
316 [1.6rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30034
317 [1.6rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2134
318 [1.6s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29675
319 [1.6ts]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21546
320 [1.6uc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29837
321 [1.6us]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29383
322 [1.6xc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30123
323 [RFC 1184]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1184-stabilize-no_std.md
324 [RFC 1241]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
325 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.UnexpectedEof
326 [`Iterator::max_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.max_by_key
327 [`Iterator::min_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.min_by_key
328 [`Mutex::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.get_mut
329 [`Mutex::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.into_inner
330 [`Read::read_exact`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_exact
331 [`RwLock::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.get_mut
332 [`RwLock::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.into_inner
333 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.extend_from_slice
334 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.drain
335 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.Drain.html
336 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.Drain.html
337 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#method.drain
338 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.Drain.html
339 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.HashSet.html#method.drain
340 [`fs::DirBuilder::create`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.create
341 [`fs::DirBuilder::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.new
342 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.recursive
343 [`fs::DirBuilder`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html
344 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html#tymethod.mode
345 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html
346 [`string::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.Drain.html
347 [`string::String::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.drain
348 [`vec::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Drain.html
349 [`vec::Vec::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.drain
350 [`vec_deque::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.Drain.html
351 [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.VecDeque.html#method.drain
354 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
355 ==========================
357 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
363 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
364 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
365 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
366 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
367 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
368 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
369 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
370 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
371 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
372 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
373 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
374 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
375 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
376 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
377 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
378 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
379 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
380 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
381 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
382 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
383 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
384 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
385 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
386 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
387 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
388 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
389 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
390 invoked as `cargo foo`.
391 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
392 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
393 crates with wildcard dependencies.
398 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
399 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
400 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
401 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
402 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
403 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
404 contains methods of the same name.
405 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
406 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
407 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
408 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
409 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
410 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
411 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
412 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
413 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
414 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
415 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
416 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
417 in valid locations][1.5at].
418 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
419 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
420 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
421 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
422 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
423 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
424 generate errors][1.5nu].
425 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
426 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
427 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
433 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
434 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
435 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
436 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
437 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
438 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
439 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
440 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
445 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
447 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
448 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
449 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
450 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
451 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
452 the conversions are lossless.
453 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
454 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
456 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
457 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
458 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
459 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
460 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
461 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
462 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
463 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
464 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
465 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
466 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
467 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
472 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
473 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
474 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
475 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
476 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
477 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
478 reported once][1.5te].
479 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
480 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
482 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
483 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
484 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
485 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
486 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
487 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
488 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
489 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
490 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
491 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
492 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
493 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
494 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
495 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
496 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
497 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
498 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
499 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
500 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
501 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
502 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
503 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
504 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
505 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
506 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
507 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
508 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
509 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
510 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
511 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
512 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
513 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
514 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
515 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
516 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
517 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
518 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
519 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
520 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
521 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
522 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
523 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
524 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
525 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
526 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
527 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
528 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
529 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
530 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
531 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
532 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
533 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
534 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
535 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
536 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
537 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
538 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
539 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
540 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
541 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
542 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
543 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
544 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
545 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
546 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
547 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
548 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
549 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
550 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
551 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
552 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
553 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
554 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
555 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
556 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
557 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
558 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
559 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
560 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
561 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
562 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
563 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
564 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
565 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
566 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
567 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
568 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
569 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
570 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
572 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
573 ==========================
575 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
580 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
581 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
586 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
587 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
588 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
589 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
590 see immediate breakage.
591 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
592 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
593 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
594 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
595 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
596 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
597 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
598 signs are now accepted][fp3].
604 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
605 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
606 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
607 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
608 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
613 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
614 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
615 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
616 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
617 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
618 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
619 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
620 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
621 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
622 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
623 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
624 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
625 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
626 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
627 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
628 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
629 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
630 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
632 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
633 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
634 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
635 `f64::from_str_radix`.
636 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
638 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
639 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
640 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
642 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
643 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
644 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
646 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
648 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
650 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
651 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
652 breakage in rare situations.
653 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
654 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
656 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
657 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
658 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
659 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
660 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
661 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
662 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
664 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
669 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
670 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
671 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
673 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
674 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
676 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
679 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
680 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
681 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
682 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
683 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
684 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
685 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
686 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
687 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
688 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
689 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
690 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
691 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
692 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
693 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
694 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
695 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
696 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
697 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
698 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
699 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
700 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
701 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
702 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
703 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
704 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
705 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
706 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
707 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
708 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
709 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
710 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
711 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
712 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
713 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
714 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
715 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
716 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
717 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
718 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
719 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
720 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
721 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
722 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
723 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
724 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
725 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
726 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
727 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
728 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
729 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
730 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
731 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
732 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
733 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
734 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
735 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
736 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
737 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
738 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
739 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
740 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
741 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
742 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
743 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
744 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
745 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
746 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
747 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
748 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
749 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
751 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
752 ==============================
754 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
759 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
760 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
761 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
762 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
764 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
765 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
766 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
767 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
773 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
774 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
775 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
776 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
777 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
778 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
779 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
780 believed to break no existing code.
781 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
782 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
783 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
784 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
785 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
786 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
787 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
792 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
793 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
794 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
795 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
796 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
797 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
798 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
800 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
801 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
802 implementations correctly.
803 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
804 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
810 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
811 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
812 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
813 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
814 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
815 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
816 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
817 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
818 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
819 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
820 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
822 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
823 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
824 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
825 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
826 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
827 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
828 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
829 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
830 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
831 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
832 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
833 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
834 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
835 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
837 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
838 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
839 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
840 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
841 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
842 available to stable code anyway).
843 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
844 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
845 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
846 [better for long data][sh].
847 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
848 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
849 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
851 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
857 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
858 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
859 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
860 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
861 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
862 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
863 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
865 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
866 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
867 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
868 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
869 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
870 code to no longer build.
871 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
872 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
874 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
875 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
876 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
877 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
879 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
880 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
882 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
883 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
884 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
885 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
886 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
887 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
888 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
889 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
890 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
891 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
892 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
893 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
894 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
895 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
896 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
897 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
898 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
899 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
900 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
901 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
902 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
903 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
904 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
905 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
906 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
907 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
908 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
909 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
910 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
911 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
912 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
913 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
914 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
915 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
916 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
917 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
918 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
919 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
920 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
921 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
922 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
923 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
924 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
925 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
926 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
927 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
928 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
929 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
930 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
931 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
932 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
933 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
934 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
935 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
936 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
937 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
938 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
939 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
940 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
941 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
942 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
943 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
944 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
945 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
946 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
947 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
948 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
949 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
950 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
951 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
952 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
953 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
954 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
955 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
957 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
958 ==========================
960 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
965 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
966 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
967 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
968 implementation of DST.
969 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
970 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
971 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
972 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
973 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
975 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
976 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
977 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
979 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
980 bootstrapping over 1.1.
985 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
986 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
987 behavior and considered a bugfix.
988 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
989 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
990 in, and the same value reported by clang's
991 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
993 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
994 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
995 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
996 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
997 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
998 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
999 such this breakage has minimal impact.
1004 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
1005 matching against dereferencable values.
1010 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
1011 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
1012 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
1013 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
1014 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
1015 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
1017 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
1018 over substring matches.
1019 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
1020 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
1021 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
1022 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
1023 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
1024 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
1025 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
1026 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
1027 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
1028 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
1029 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
1031 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
1032 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
1033 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
1034 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
1035 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
1036 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
1037 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
1038 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
1039 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
1040 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
1041 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
1042 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
1043 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
1044 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
1045 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
1046 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
1047 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
1049 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
1055 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
1056 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
1057 unsafe pointers][nop].
1058 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
1059 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
1061 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
1062 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
1063 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
1064 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
1065 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
1066 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
1067 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
1068 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
1069 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
1070 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
1071 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
1072 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
1073 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
1074 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
1075 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
1076 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
1077 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1078 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
1079 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
1080 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
1081 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
1082 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
1083 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
1084 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
1085 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
1086 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1087 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
1088 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
1089 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
1090 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
1091 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
1092 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
1093 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
1094 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1095 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1096 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
1097 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
1098 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
1099 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
1100 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
1101 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
1102 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1103 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
1104 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
1105 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
1106 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
1107 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
1108 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
1109 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
1110 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
1111 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
1112 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
1113 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
1115 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
1116 =========================
1118 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
1123 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
1124 functionality exposed:
1125 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
1126 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
1127 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
1128 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
1129 access to all underlying information.
1130 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
1131 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
1132 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
1133 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
1134 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
1140 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
1141 whitespace boundaries.
1142 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
1143 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
1144 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
1145 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
1146 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
1147 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
1148 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
1149 Windows, symlinks can be created with
1150 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
1151 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
1152 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
1153 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
1154 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
1155 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
1156 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
1157 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
1158 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
1159 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
1161 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
1162 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
1163 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
1164 compiler and the standard library.
1165 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
1166 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
1167 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
1168 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
1169 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
1170 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
1171 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
1172 properly exported][inc].
1173 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
1174 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
1175 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
1176 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
1181 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
1182 [multiple improvements][pre].
1183 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
1184 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
1185 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
1186 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
1187 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
1188 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
1189 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
1190 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
1192 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
1193 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
1196 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
1197 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1198 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1199 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
1200 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
1201 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
1202 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
1203 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
1204 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
1205 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
1206 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
1207 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
1208 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
1209 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
1210 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
1211 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
1212 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
1213 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
1214 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
1215 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
1216 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
1217 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
1218 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
1219 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
1220 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
1221 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
1222 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
1223 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
1224 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
1226 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
1227 ========================
1229 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1234 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
1235 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
1237 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
1239 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
1245 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
1246 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
1247 without breaking downstream code.
1248 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
1249 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
1250 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
1251 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
1252 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
1254 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
1255 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
1256 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
1257 to underscore for the crate name.
1258 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
1259 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
1260 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
1261 `MyType::default()`.
1262 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
1263 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
1264 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
1265 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
1266 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
1267 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
1268 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
1269 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
1270 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
1271 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
1272 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
1273 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
1274 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
1275 arguments except in minor ways.
1276 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
1277 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
1283 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
1284 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
1286 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
1287 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
1288 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
1289 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
1290 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
1291 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
1292 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
1293 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
1294 number of 'splits'][spl].
1295 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
1296 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
1297 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
1298 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
1299 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
1301 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
1303 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
1304 `String::from`][sf].
1305 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
1306 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
1307 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
1309 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
1310 was the major library focus for this cycle.
1311 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
1312 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
1313 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
1314 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
1316 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
1317 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
1318 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
1319 many existing ad hoc traits.
1320 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
1321 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
1322 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
1323 hierarchy in the future.
1324 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
1325 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
1326 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
1327 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
1328 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
1329 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
1330 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
1335 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
1336 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
1337 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
1339 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
1341 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
1342 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
1343 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
1346 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
1347 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
1348 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
1349 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
1350 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
1351 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
1352 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1353 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1354 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1355 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1356 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1357 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1358 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1359 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1360 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1361 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1362 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1363 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1364 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1365 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1366 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1367 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1368 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1369 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1370 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1371 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1372 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1373 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1374 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1375 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1376 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1377 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1378 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1379 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1380 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1381 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1382 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1383 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1386 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1387 =====================================
1389 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1393 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1394 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1395 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1397 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1398 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1399 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1400 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1404 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1405 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1406 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1407 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1408 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1409 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1410 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1411 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1412 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1413 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1414 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1415 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1416 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1417 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1418 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1419 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1420 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1421 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1422 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1423 from references to vectors into references to
1424 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1425 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1426 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1427 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1431 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1432 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1433 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1434 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1435 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1436 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1437 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1438 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1439 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1440 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1441 creating raw pointers.
1445 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1446 are now [split neatly across multiple
1447 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1448 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1449 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1450 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1451 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1452 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1457 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1458 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1460 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1461 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1462 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1463 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1464 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1465 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1466 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1467 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1468 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1469 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1470 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1471 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1472 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1473 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1474 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1475 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1476 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1477 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1478 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1479 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1480 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1481 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1482 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1485 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1486 ==================================
1488 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1492 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1493 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1494 before the final release.
1495 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1496 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1498 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1499 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1500 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1501 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1502 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1503 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1504 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1505 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1506 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1507 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1508 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1509 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1510 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1511 Rust package manager.
1515 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1516 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1517 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1518 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1519 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1520 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1521 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1523 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1524 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1525 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1527 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1529 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1530 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1531 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1532 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1533 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1535 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1536 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1537 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1539 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1540 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1542 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1543 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1544 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1545 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1546 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1547 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1548 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1549 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1550 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1551 library types unknown to the compiler).
1552 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1553 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1554 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1555 compared with `&str`.
1556 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1557 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1558 characters][unicode].
1559 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1560 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1561 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1562 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1563 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1565 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1566 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1567 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1568 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1569 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1570 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1571 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1572 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1573 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1574 unboxed closures to work.
1575 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1576 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1577 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1578 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1579 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1580 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1582 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1583 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1584 conventions][derive].
1585 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1586 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1587 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1588 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1589 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1590 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1591 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1595 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1596 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1597 improvements throughout the standard library.
1598 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1599 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1600 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1601 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1602 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1603 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1604 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1605 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1606 syscall when available.
1607 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1608 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1609 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1610 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1611 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1612 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1613 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1614 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1615 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1616 represented as strings.
1620 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1621 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1623 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1624 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1625 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1626 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1631 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1632 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1633 space than the inner types themselves.
1634 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1636 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1637 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1638 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1639 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1640 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1641 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1642 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1643 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1644 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1645 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1646 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1647 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1648 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1649 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1650 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1651 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1652 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1653 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1654 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1655 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1656 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1657 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1658 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1659 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1660 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1661 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1662 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1663 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1664 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1665 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1666 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1667 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1668 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1669 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1672 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1673 =============================
1675 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1679 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1680 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1682 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1683 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1684 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1685 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1686 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1687 stabilization progress.
1688 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1689 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1690 be installed with Cargo.
1691 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1692 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1693 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1696 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1698 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1699 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1700 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1701 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1702 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1703 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1704 impossible with the existing syntax.
1705 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1706 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1707 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1708 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1709 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1710 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1711 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1712 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1713 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1715 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1716 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1717 gate and may be removed in the future.
1718 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1719 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1721 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1722 is handled by the package manager.
1723 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1724 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1725 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1727 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1729 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1730 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1731 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1732 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1733 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1734 that capture by value.
1735 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1736 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1737 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1738 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1740 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1741 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1743 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1744 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1745 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1746 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1747 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1748 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1749 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1750 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1752 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1753 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1754 revisited in the future.
1757 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1758 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1759 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1760 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1762 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1764 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1765 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1766 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1767 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1768 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1769 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1770 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1771 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1772 idiomatic and efficient design.
1775 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1776 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1777 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1778 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1779 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1780 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1781 package manager for versioning.
1782 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1783 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1784 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1785 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1786 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1790 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1791 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1792 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1795 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1796 ==========================
1798 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1801 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1803 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1805 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1807 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1808 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1809 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1810 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1811 instead of any integral type.
1812 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1813 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1814 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1815 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1816 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1817 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1818 is still provided by a library implementation.
1819 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1820 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1821 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1822 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1823 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1824 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1825 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1826 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1827 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1828 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1829 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1830 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1831 if, while, match, and for..in.
1832 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1834 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1835 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1836 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1838 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1839 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1842 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1843 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1844 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1846 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1847 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1848 kernel development for example.
1849 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1850 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1851 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1852 better error messages.
1853 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1854 around the Result type.
1855 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1857 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1858 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1859 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1860 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1861 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1862 management of bit flags.
1863 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1864 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1865 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1866 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1867 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1868 to being based on methods.
1869 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1870 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1871 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1872 and sized deallocation
1873 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1874 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1876 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1877 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1878 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1880 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1881 an external libdebug crate.
1882 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1883 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1884 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1885 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1887 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1888 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1891 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1892 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1893 discovery of breaking changes.
1894 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1895 lifetime-related error occurs.
1896 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1897 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1898 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1899 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1900 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1901 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1902 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1903 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1904 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1905 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1906 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1907 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1908 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1909 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1910 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1911 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1912 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1913 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1914 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1916 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1917 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1918 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1919 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1920 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1921 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1922 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1923 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1924 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1928 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1929 =========================
1931 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1934 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1935 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1936 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1938 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1940 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1941 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1942 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1943 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1944 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1945 reference counting have been removed.
1946 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1947 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1948 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1949 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1950 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1951 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1953 * Unnecessary parentheses
1956 * Uppercase variables
1957 * Publicly visible private types
1958 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1959 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1960 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1961 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1962 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1963 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1964 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1965 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1966 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1967 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1968 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1969 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1970 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1972 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1973 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1974 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1975 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1977 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1978 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1979 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1980 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1982 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1983 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1984 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1987 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1988 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1989 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1990 documentation index page.
1991 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1992 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1993 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1994 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1995 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1996 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1997 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1998 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1999 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
2000 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
2001 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
2002 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
2003 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
2004 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
2005 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
2006 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
2007 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
2008 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
2009 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
2010 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
2011 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
2012 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
2013 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
2014 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
2015 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
2016 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
2017 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
2018 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
2019 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
2020 still implement the function.
2021 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
2022 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
2023 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
2024 print them in exponential notation.
2025 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
2026 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
2027 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
2028 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
2029 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
2030 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
2031 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
2032 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
2033 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
2034 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
2035 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
2036 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
2037 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
2038 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
2039 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
2040 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
2041 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
2042 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
2044 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
2045 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
2047 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
2048 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
2049 and various trimming of code.
2050 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
2051 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
2052 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
2053 dropping redundant functionality.
2054 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
2055 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
2056 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
2057 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
2059 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
2060 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
2061 hexadecimal literal.
2064 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
2065 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
2066 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
2067 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
2069 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
2071 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
2072 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
2073 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
2074 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
2075 android much more reliable.
2076 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
2077 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
2078 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
2079 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
2080 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
2081 function to fix the error.
2082 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
2084 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
2085 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
2086 * render standalone markdown files.
2087 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
2088 * exported macros are displayed.
2089 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
2091 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
2095 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
2096 ==========================
2098 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
2101 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
2102 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
2103 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
2104 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
2105 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
2106 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
2107 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
2108 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
2110 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
2111 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
2112 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
2113 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
2115 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
2116 * `@fn`s have been removed.
2117 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
2119 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
2120 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
2121 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
2122 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
2123 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
2124 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
2125 terminated with a semicolon.
2126 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
2127 no longer has any special meaning.
2128 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
2129 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
2130 `print!` and `println!`.
2131 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
2132 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
2133 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
2134 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
2135 * Macros can have attributes.
2136 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
2137 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
2138 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
2139 * Comments may be nested.
2140 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
2142 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
2143 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
2144 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
2145 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
2146 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
2147 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
2148 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
2149 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
2150 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
2151 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
2152 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
2153 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
2154 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
2155 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
2156 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
2157 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
2158 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
2160 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
2161 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
2162 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2164 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2166 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
2167 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
2168 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
2169 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
2170 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
2171 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
2172 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
2173 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
2174 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
2175 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
2176 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
2177 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
2178 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
2181 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
2182 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
2183 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
2184 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
2185 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
2187 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
2188 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
2189 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
2190 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
2191 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
2192 just a wrapper around it).
2193 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
2194 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
2195 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
2196 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
2197 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
2198 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
2199 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
2200 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
2201 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
2202 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
2203 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
2204 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
2205 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
2206 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
2207 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
2208 if the index is out of bounds.
2209 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
2210 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
2211 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
2212 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
2214 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
2216 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
2217 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
2218 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
2219 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
2221 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
2222 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
2223 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
2224 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
2225 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
2226 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
2227 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
2228 embedded environments.
2229 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
2230 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
2232 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
2233 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
2234 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
2236 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
2238 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
2239 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
2240 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
2241 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
2242 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
2243 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
2247 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
2249 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
2250 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
2251 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
2252 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
2253 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
2254 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
2255 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
2256 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
2257 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
2261 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
2262 ============================
2264 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
2267 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
2268 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
2269 * Default methods are ready for use.
2270 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
2271 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
2272 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
2273 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
2275 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
2276 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
2278 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
2279 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
2280 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
2281 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
2282 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
2283 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
2284 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
2285 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
2286 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
2287 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
2288 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
2289 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
2290 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
2291 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
2292 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
2293 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
2294 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
2295 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
2296 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
2297 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
2298 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
2299 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
2300 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
2301 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
2302 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
2303 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
2304 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
2305 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
2306 prefixes (default: allow).
2307 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
2308 `std::unstable::simd`.
2309 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
2310 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
2311 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
2312 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2313 extension) to stdout.
2314 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2315 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
2316 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
2317 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
2318 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
2320 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
2321 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
2322 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
2326 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
2327 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
2329 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
2330 `uint::range` and friends.
2331 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
2332 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
2333 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
2334 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
2335 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
2336 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
2337 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
2338 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
2340 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
2341 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
2343 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
2345 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
2346 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
2348 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
2349 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
2350 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
2351 no longer function pointers.
2352 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2353 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2354 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2356 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2357 is required in implementations.
2358 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2359 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2360 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2361 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2362 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2363 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2365 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2366 sense in the new scheduler design.
2367 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2369 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2370 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2371 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2372 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2373 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2374 default implementations.
2375 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2376 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2377 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2378 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2379 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2380 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2381 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2382 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2383 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2384 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2385 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2386 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2387 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2388 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2389 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2390 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2391 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2392 * extra: `par` module removed.
2393 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2394 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2397 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2398 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2399 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2400 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2401 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2402 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2403 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2405 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2406 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2407 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2408 * All tools have man pages.
2409 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2410 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2411 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2412 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2413 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2414 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2417 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2418 =======================
2420 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2423 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2425 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2426 many bugs and inconveniences.
2427 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2428 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2429 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2430 removed due to bugs.
2431 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2432 so they compose better.
2433 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2434 * Trait default methods work more often.
2435 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2436 no padding between fields.
2437 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2439 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2440 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2441 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2442 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2443 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2444 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2445 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2447 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2449 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2450 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2451 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2452 are never implicitly copyable.
2453 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2454 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2455 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2458 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2460 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2461 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2463 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2464 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2467 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2468 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2469 * More and improved documentation.
2470 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2471 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2472 implementations of `Iterator`.
2473 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2474 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2475 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2476 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2477 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2478 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2479 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2480 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2481 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2482 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2483 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2484 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2485 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2486 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2487 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2488 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2489 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2490 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2491 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2492 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2493 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2494 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2495 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2496 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2497 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2498 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2499 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2500 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2501 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2502 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2503 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2504 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2505 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2506 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2507 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2508 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2509 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2510 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2513 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2514 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2516 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2518 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2519 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2520 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2521 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2522 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2523 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2524 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2525 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2526 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2527 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2528 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2529 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2530 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2531 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2534 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2535 ========================
2537 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2540 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2541 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2542 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2543 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2544 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2545 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2546 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2547 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2548 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2549 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2550 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2551 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2552 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2553 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2554 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2555 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2556 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2557 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2558 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2559 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2560 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2561 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2562 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2563 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2564 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2565 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2566 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2567 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2568 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2569 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2570 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2571 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2572 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2573 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2574 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2575 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2576 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2577 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2578 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2579 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2582 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2583 eliminating the `move` keyword
2584 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2585 * &mut is now unaliasable
2586 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2588 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2589 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2590 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2591 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2592 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2593 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2594 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2595 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2596 * Structural records have been removed
2597 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2598 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2599 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2600 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2601 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2602 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2603 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2606 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2607 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2608 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2609 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2610 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2611 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2612 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2613 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2614 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2615 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2616 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2617 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2618 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2619 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2620 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2621 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2622 by certain container types
2625 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2626 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2627 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2628 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2629 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2630 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2631 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2632 * Various memory usage improvements
2633 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2634 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2637 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2638 ===========================
2640 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2643 * Removed `<-` move operator
2644 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2645 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2646 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2647 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2648 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2649 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2650 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2651 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2652 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2655 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2656 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2657 * Enum variants may be structs
2658 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2659 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2660 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2661 without writing `move` explicitly
2662 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2663 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2664 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2665 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2666 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2669 * Improved support for language features
2670 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2671 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2672 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2673 * Static methods work in more situations
2674 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2678 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2679 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2680 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2681 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2682 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2683 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2684 * Moved futures to `std`
2685 * More functions are pure now
2686 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2687 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2690 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2691 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2694 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2695 ==========================
2697 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2700 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2701 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2702 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2703 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2704 * Explicit method self types
2705 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2706 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2707 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2708 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2709 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2710 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2711 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2714 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2715 * Trait methods may be static
2716 * Argument modes are deprecated
2717 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2718 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2719 * Typestate was removed
2720 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2721 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2724 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2726 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2727 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2728 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2731 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2732 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2733 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2735 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2736 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2737 * More robust linked task failure
2738 * Improved task builder API
2741 * Improved error reporting
2742 * Preliminary JIT support
2743 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2744 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2745 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2746 Rust-based (visitor) code
2747 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2750 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2751 ========================
2753 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2755 * New coding conveniences
2756 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2757 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2758 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2759 * Documentation comments
2760 * More compact closure syntax
2761 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2763 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2766 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2767 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2769 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2770 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2771 * Extensive work on region pointers
2773 * Experimental new language features
2774 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2775 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2776 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2777 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2778 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2779 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2783 * Removal of various obsolete features
2784 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2785 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2787 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2788 resources (replaced by destructors)
2790 * Compiler reorganization
2791 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2792 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2793 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2796 * New time functions
2797 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2798 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2799 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2800 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2801 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2802 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2803 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2806 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2809 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2810 =========================
2812 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2814 * New docs and doc tooling
2816 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2818 * Compilation model enhancements
2819 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2820 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2822 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2823 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2824 * Explicit schedulers
2828 * Experimental new language features
2829 * Operator overloading
2833 * Various language extensions
2834 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2835 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2836 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2837 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2838 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2839 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2840 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2843 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2844 * Revived libuv interface
2845 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2846 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2847 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2850 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2851 ===============================
2853 * Most language features work, including:
2854 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2855 * Interface-constrained generics
2856 * Static interface dispatch
2858 * Multithread task scheduling
2859 * Typestate predicates
2860 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2861 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2862 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2863 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2865 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2866 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2867 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2868 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2870 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2872 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2876 * Documentation is incomplete.
2878 * Performance is below intended target.
2880 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2882 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will