1 Version 1.7.0 (2016-03-03)
2 ==========================
7 * Soundness fixes to the interactions between associated types and
8 lifetimes, specified in [RFC 1214], [now generate errors][1.7sf] for
9 code that violates the new rules. This is a significant change that
10 is known to break existing code, so it has emitted warnings for the
11 new error cases since 1.4 to give crate authors time to adapt. The
12 details of what is changing are subtle; read the RFC for more.
19 * [`Path::strip_prefix`][] (renamed from relative_from)
20 * [`path::StripPrefixError`][] (new error type returned from strip_prefix)
22 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]
23 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]
24 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]
25 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]
26 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]
27 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]
29 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]
30 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]
31 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]
34 * [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]
37 * [`String::as_mut_str`]
39 * `<[T]>::`[`clone_from_slice`], which now requires the two slices to
41 * `<[T]>::`[`sort_by_key`]
42 * checked, saturated, and overflowing operations
43 * [`i32::checked_rem`], [`i32::checked_neg`], [`i32::checked_shl`], [`i32::checked_shr`]
44 * [`i32::saturating_mul`]
45 * [`i32::overflowing_add`], [`i32::overflowing_sub`], [`i32::overflowing_mul`], [`i32::overflowing_div`]
46 * [`i32::overflowing_rem`], [`i32::overflowing_neg`], [`i32::overflowing_shl`], [`i32::overflowing_shr`]
47 * [`u32::checked_rem`], [`u32::checked_neg`], [`u32::checked_shl`], [`u32::checked_shl`]
48 * [`u32::saturating_mul`]
49 * [`u32::overflowing_add`], [`u32::overflowing_sub`], [`u32::overflowing_mul`], [`u32::overflowing_div`]
50 * [`u32::overflowing_rem`], [`u32::overflowing_neg`], [`u32::overflowing_shl`], [`u32::overflowing_shr`]
51 * and checked, saturated, and overflowing operations for other primitive types
53 * [`ffi::IntoStringError`]
54 * [`CString::into_string`]
55 * [`CString::into_bytes`]
56 * [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]
57 * `From<CString> for Vec<u8>`
59 * [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]
60 * [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]
61 * `Error for IntoStringError`
62 * [Validating UTF-8 is faster by a factor of between 7 and 14x for
63 ASCII input][1.7utf8]. This means that creating `String`s and `str`s
65 * [The performance of `LineWriter` (and thus `io::stdout`) was
66 improved by using `memchr` to search for newlines][1.7m].
67 * [`f32::to_degrees` and `f32::to_radians` are stable][1.7f]. The
68 `f64` variants were stabilized previously.
69 * [`BTreeMap` was rewritten to use less memory and improve the performance
70 of insertion and iteration, the latter by as much as 5x][1.7bm].
71 * [`BTreeSet` and its iterators, `Iter`, `IntoIter`, and `Range` are
72 covariant over their contained type][1.7bt].
73 * [`LinkedList` and its iterators, `Iter` and `IntoIter` are covariant
74 over their contained type][1.7ll].
75 * [`str::replace` now accepts a `Pattern`][1.7rp], like other string
77 * [`Any` is implemented for unsized types][1.7a].
78 * [`Hash` is implemented for `Duration`][1.7h].
83 * [The `--error-format=json` flag to `rustc` causes it to emit errors
84 in JSON format][1.7j]. This is an unstable flag and so also requires
85 the `-Z unstable-options` flag.
86 * [When running tests with `--test`, rustdoc will pass `--cfg`
87 arguments to the compiler][1.7dt].
88 * [The compiler is built with RPATH information by default][1.7rpa].
89 This means that it will be possible to run `rustc` when installed in
90 unusual configurations without configuring the dynamic linker search
92 * [`rustc` passes `--enable-new-dtags` to GNU ld][1.7dta]. This makes
93 any RPATH entries (emitted with `-C rpath`) *not* take precedence
94 over `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
99 * [`cargo rustc` accepts a `--profile` flag that runs `rustc` under
100 any of the compilation profiles, 'dev', 'bench', or 'test'][1.7cp].
101 * [The `rerun-if-changed` build script directive no longer causes the
102 build script to incorrectly run twice in certain scenarios][1.7rr].
107 * [Several bugs in the compiler's visibility calculations were
108 fixed][1.7v]. Since this was found to break significant amounts of
109 code, the new errors will be emitted as warnings for several release
110 cycles, under the `private_in_public` lint.
111 * Defaulted type parameters were accidentally accepted in positions
112 that were not intended. In this release, [defaulted type parameters
113 appearing outside of type definitions will generate a
114 warning][1.7d], which will become an error in future releases.
115 * [Parsing "." as a float results in an error instead of
116 0][1.7p]. That is, `".".parse::<f32>()` returns `Err`, not `Ok(0)`.
117 * [Borrows of closure parameters may not outlive the closure][1.7bc].
119 [1.7a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30928
120 [1.7bc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30341
121 [1.7bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30426
122 [1.7bt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
123 [1.7cp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2224
124 [1.7d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30724
125 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30372
126 [1.7dta]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30394
127 [1.7f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30672
128 [1.7h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30818
129 [1.7j]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30711
130 [1.7ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30663
131 [1.7m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30381
132 [1.7p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30681
133 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29498
134 [1.7rpa]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30353
135 [1.7rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2279
136 [1.7sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30389
137 [1.7utf8]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30740
138 [1.7v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29973
139 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
140 [`clone_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.clone_from_slice
141 [`sort_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by_key
142 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes_with_nul
143 [`CString::into_bytes`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes
144 [`CString::into_string`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_string
145 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.into_cstring
146 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.utf8_error
147 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_broadcast
148 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_documentation
149 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_link_local
150 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_loopback
151 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_multicast
152 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_private
153 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_loopback
154 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_multicast
155 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_unspecified
156 [`Path::strip_prefix`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.strip_prefix
157 [`String::as_mut_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_mut_str
158 [`String::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_str
159 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_mut_slice
160 [`Vec::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_slice
161 [`ffi::IntoStringError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html
162 [`i32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_neg
163 [`i32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_rem
164 [`i32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shl
165 [`i32::checked_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shr
166 [`i32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_add
167 [`i32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_div
168 [`i32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_mul
169 [`i32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_neg
170 [`i32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_rem
171 [`i32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shl
172 [`i32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shr
173 [`i32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_sub
174 [`i32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.saturating_mul
175 [`path::StripPrefixError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.StripPrefixError.html
176 [`u32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_neg
177 [`u32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_rem
178 [`u32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_shl
179 [`u32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_add
180 [`u32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_div
181 [`u32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_mul
182 [`u32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_neg
183 [`u32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_rem
184 [`u32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shl
185 [`u32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shr
186 [`u32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_sub
187 [`u32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.saturating_mul
190 Version 1.6.0 (2016-01-21)
191 ==========================
196 * The `#![no_std]` attribute causes a crate to not be linked to the
197 standard library, but only the [core library][1.6co], as described
198 in [RFC 1184]. The core library defines common types and traits but
199 has no platform dependencies whatsoever, and is the basis for Rust
200 software in environments that cannot support a full port of the
201 standard library, such as operating systems. Most of the core
202 library is now stable.
208 [`Read::read_exact`],
209 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`][] (renamed from `UnexpectedEOF`),
210 [`fs::DirBuilder`], [`fs::DirBuilder::new`],
211 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`], [`fs::DirBuilder::create`],
212 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`],
213 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`], [`vec::Drain`],
214 [`vec::Vec::drain`], [`string::Drain`], [`string::String::drain`],
215 [`vec_deque::Drain`], [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`],
216 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`],
217 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`],
218 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`],
219 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`],
220 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`],
221 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`],
222 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`][] (renamed from `push_all`),
223 [`Mutex::get_mut`], [`Mutex::into_inner`], [`RwLock::get_mut`],
224 [`RwLock::into_inner`],
225 [`Iterator::min_by_key`][] (renamed from `min_by`),
226 [`Iterator::max_by_key`][] (renamed from `max_by`).
227 * The [core library][1.6co] is stable, as are most of its APIs.
228 * [The `assert_eq!` macro supports arguments that don't implement
229 `Sized`][1.6ae], such as arrays. In this way it behaves more like
231 * Several timer functions that take duration in milliseconds [are
232 deprecated in favor of those that take `Duration`][1.6ms]. These
233 include `Condvar::wait_timeout_ms`, `thread::sleep_ms`, and
234 `thread::park_timeout_ms`.
235 * The algorithm by which `Vec` reserves additional elements was
236 [tweaked to not allocate excessive space][1.6a] while still growing
238 * `From` conversions are [implemented from integers to floats][1.6f]
239 in cases where the conversion is lossless. Thus they are not
240 implemented for 32-bit ints to `f32`, nor for 64-bit ints to `f32`
241 or `f64`. They are also not implemented for `isize` and `usize`
242 because the implementations would be platform-specific. `From` is
243 also implemented from `f32` to `f64`.
244 * `From<&Path>` and `From<PathBuf>` are implemented for `Cow<Path>`.
245 * `From<T>` is implemented for `Box<T>`, `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`.
246 * `IntoIterator` is implemented for `&PathBuf` and `&Path`.
247 * [`BinaryHeap` was refactored][1.6bh] for modest performance
249 * Sorting slices that are already sorted [is 50% faster in some
255 * Cargo will look in `$CARGO_HOME/bin` for subcommands [by default][1.6c].
256 * Cargo build scripts can specify their dependencies by emitting the
257 [`rerun-if-changed`][1.6rr] key.
258 * crates.io will reject publication of crates with dependencies that
259 have a wildcard version constraint. Crates with wildcard
260 dependencies were seen to cause a variety of problems, as described
261 in [RFC 1241]. Since 1.5 publication of such crates has emitted a
263 * `cargo clean` [accepts a `--release` flag][1.6cc] to clean the
264 release folder. A variety of artifacts that Cargo failed to clean
265 are now correctly deleted.
270 * The `unreachable_code` lint [warns when a function call's argument
272 * The parser indicates [failures that may be caused by
273 confusingly-similar Unicode characters][1.6uc]
274 * Certain macro errors [are reported at definition time][1.6m], not
280 * The compiler no longer makes use of the [`RUST_PATH`][1.6rp]
281 environment variable when locating crates. This was a pre-cargo
282 feature for integrating with the package manager that was
283 accidentally never removed.
284 * [A number of bugs were fixed in the privacy checker][1.6p] that
285 could cause previously-accepted code to break.
286 * [Modules and unit/tuple structs may not share the same name][1.6ts].
287 * [Bugs in pattern matching unit structs were fixed][1.6us]. The tuple
288 struct pattern syntax (`Foo(..)`) can no longer be used to match
289 unit structs. This is a warning now, but will become an error in
290 future releases. Patterns that share the same name as a const are
292 * A bug was fixed that causes [rustc not to apply default type
293 parameters][1.6xc] when resolving certain method implementations of
294 traits defined in other crates.
296 [1.6a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29454
297 [1.6ae]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29770
298 [1.6bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29811
299 [1.6c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2192
300 [1.6cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2131
301 [1.6co]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/core/index.html
302 [1.6dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30000
303 [1.6f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
304 [1.6m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29828
305 [1.6ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29604
306 [1.6p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29726
307 [1.6rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30034
308 [1.6rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2134
309 [1.6s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29675
310 [1.6ts]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21546
311 [1.6uc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29837
312 [1.6us]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29383
313 [1.6xc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30123
314 [RFC 1184]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1184-stabilize-no_std.md
315 [RFC 1241]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
316 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.UnexpectedEof
317 [`Iterator::max_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.max_by_key
318 [`Iterator::min_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.min_by_key
319 [`Mutex::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.get_mut
320 [`Mutex::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.into_inner
321 [`Read::read_exact`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_exact
322 [`RwLock::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.get_mut
323 [`RwLock::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.into_inner
324 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.extend_from_slice
325 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.drain
326 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.Drain.html
327 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.Drain.html
328 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#method.drain
329 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.Drain.html
330 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.HashSet.html#method.drain
331 [`fs::DirBuilder::create`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.create
332 [`fs::DirBuilder::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.new
333 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.recursive
334 [`fs::DirBuilder`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html
335 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html#tymethod.mode
336 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html
337 [`string::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.Drain.html
338 [`string::String::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.drain
339 [`vec::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Drain.html
340 [`vec::Vec::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.drain
341 [`vec_deque::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.Drain.html
342 [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.VecDeque.html#method.drain
345 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
346 ==========================
348 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
354 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
355 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
356 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
357 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
358 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
359 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
360 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
361 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
362 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
363 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
364 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
365 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
366 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
367 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
368 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
369 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
370 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
371 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
372 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
373 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
374 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
375 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
376 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
377 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
378 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
379 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
380 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
381 invoked as `cargo foo`.
382 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
383 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
384 crates with wildcard dependencies.
389 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
390 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
391 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
392 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
393 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
394 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
395 contains methods of the same name.
396 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
397 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
398 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
399 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
400 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
401 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
402 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
403 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
404 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
405 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
406 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
407 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
408 in valid locations][1.5at].
409 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
410 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
411 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
412 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
413 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
414 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
415 generate errors][1.5nu].
416 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
417 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
418 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
424 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
425 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
426 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
427 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
428 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
429 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
430 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
431 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
436 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
438 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
439 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
440 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
441 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
442 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
443 the conversions are lossless.
444 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
445 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
447 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
448 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
449 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
450 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
451 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
452 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
453 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
454 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
455 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
456 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
457 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
458 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
463 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
464 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
465 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
466 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
467 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
468 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
469 reported once][1.5te].
470 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
471 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
473 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
474 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
475 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
476 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
477 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
478 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
479 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
480 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
481 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
482 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
483 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
484 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
485 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
486 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
487 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
488 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
489 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
490 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
491 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
492 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
493 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
494 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
495 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
496 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
497 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
498 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
499 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
500 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
501 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
502 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
503 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
504 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
505 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
506 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
507 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
508 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
509 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
510 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
511 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
512 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
513 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
514 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
515 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
516 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
517 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
518 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
519 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
520 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
521 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
522 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
523 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
524 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
525 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
526 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
527 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
528 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
529 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
530 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
531 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
532 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
533 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
534 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
535 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
536 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
537 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
538 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
539 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
540 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
541 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
542 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
543 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
544 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
545 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
546 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
547 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
548 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
549 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
550 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
551 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
552 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
553 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
554 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
555 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
556 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
557 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
558 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
559 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
560 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
561 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
563 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
564 ==========================
566 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
571 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
572 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
577 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
578 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
579 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
580 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
581 see immediate breakage.
582 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
583 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
584 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
585 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
586 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
587 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
588 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
589 signs are now accepted][fp3].
595 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
596 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
597 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
598 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
599 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
604 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
605 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
606 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
607 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
608 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
609 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
610 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
611 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
612 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
613 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
614 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
615 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
616 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
617 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
618 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
619 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
620 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
621 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
623 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
624 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
625 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
626 `f64::from_str_radix`.
627 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
629 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
630 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
631 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
633 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
634 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
635 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
637 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
639 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
641 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
642 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
643 breakage in rare situations.
644 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
645 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
647 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
648 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
649 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
650 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
651 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
652 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
653 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
655 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
660 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
661 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
662 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
664 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
665 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
667 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
670 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
671 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
672 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
673 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
674 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
675 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
676 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
677 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
678 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
679 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
680 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
681 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
682 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
683 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
684 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
685 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
686 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
687 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
688 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
689 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
690 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
691 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
692 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
693 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
694 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
695 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
696 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
697 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
698 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
699 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
700 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
701 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
702 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
703 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
704 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
705 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
706 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
707 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
708 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
709 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
710 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
711 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
712 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
713 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
714 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
715 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
716 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
717 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
718 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
719 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
720 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
721 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
722 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
723 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
724 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
725 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
726 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
727 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
728 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
729 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
730 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
731 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
732 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
733 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
734 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
735 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
736 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
737 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
738 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
739 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
740 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
742 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
743 ==============================
745 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
750 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
751 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
752 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
753 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
755 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
756 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
757 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
758 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
764 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
765 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
766 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
767 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
768 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
769 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
770 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
771 believed to break no existing code.
772 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
773 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
774 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
775 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
776 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
777 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
778 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
783 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
784 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
785 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
786 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
787 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
788 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
789 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
791 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
792 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
793 implementations correctly.
794 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
795 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
801 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
802 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
803 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
804 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
805 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
806 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
807 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
808 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
809 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
810 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
811 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
813 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
814 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
815 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
816 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
817 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
818 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
819 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
820 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
821 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
822 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
823 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
824 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
825 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
826 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
828 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
829 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
830 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
831 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
832 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
833 available to stable code anyway).
834 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
835 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
836 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
837 [better for long data][sh].
838 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
839 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
840 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
842 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
848 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
849 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
850 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
851 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
852 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
853 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
854 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
856 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
857 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
858 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
859 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
860 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
861 code to no longer build.
862 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
863 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
865 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
866 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
867 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
868 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
870 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
871 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
873 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
874 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
875 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
876 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
877 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
878 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
879 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
880 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
881 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
882 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
883 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
884 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
885 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
886 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
887 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
888 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
889 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
890 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
891 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
892 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
893 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
894 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
895 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
896 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
897 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
898 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
899 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
900 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
901 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
902 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
903 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
904 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
905 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
906 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
907 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
908 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
909 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
910 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
911 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
912 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
913 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
914 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
915 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
916 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
917 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
918 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
919 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
920 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
921 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
922 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
923 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
924 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
925 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
926 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
927 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
928 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
929 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
930 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
931 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
932 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
933 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
934 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
935 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
936 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
937 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
938 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
939 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
940 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
941 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
942 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
943 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
944 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
945 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
946 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
948 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
949 ==========================
951 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
956 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
957 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
958 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
959 implementation of DST.
960 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
961 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
962 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
963 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
964 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
966 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
967 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
968 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
970 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
971 bootstrapping over 1.1.
976 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
977 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
978 behavior and considered a bugfix.
979 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
980 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
981 in, and the same value reported by clang's
982 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
984 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
985 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
986 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
987 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
988 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
989 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
990 such this breakage has minimal impact.
995 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
996 matching against dereferencable values.
1001 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
1002 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
1003 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
1004 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
1005 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
1006 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
1008 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
1009 over substring matches.
1010 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
1011 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
1012 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
1013 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
1014 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
1015 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
1016 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
1017 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
1018 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
1019 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
1020 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
1022 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
1023 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
1024 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
1025 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
1026 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
1027 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
1028 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
1029 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
1030 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
1031 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
1032 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
1033 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
1034 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
1035 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
1036 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
1037 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
1038 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
1040 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
1046 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
1047 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
1048 unsafe pointers][nop].
1049 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
1050 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
1052 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
1053 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
1054 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
1055 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
1056 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
1057 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
1058 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
1059 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
1060 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
1061 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
1062 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
1063 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
1064 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
1065 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
1066 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
1067 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
1068 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1069 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
1070 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
1071 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
1072 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
1073 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
1074 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
1075 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
1076 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
1077 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1078 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
1079 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
1080 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
1081 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
1082 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
1083 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
1084 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
1085 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1086 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1087 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
1088 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
1089 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
1090 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
1091 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
1092 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
1093 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1094 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
1095 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
1096 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
1097 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
1098 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
1099 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
1100 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
1101 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
1102 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
1103 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
1104 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
1106 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
1107 =========================
1109 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
1114 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
1115 functionality exposed:
1116 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
1117 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
1118 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
1119 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
1120 access to all underlying information.
1121 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
1122 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
1123 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
1124 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
1125 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
1131 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
1132 whitespace boundaries.
1133 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
1134 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
1135 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
1136 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
1137 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
1138 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
1139 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
1140 Windows, symlinks can be created with
1141 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
1142 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
1143 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
1144 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
1145 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
1146 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
1147 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
1148 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
1149 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
1150 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
1152 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
1153 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
1154 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
1155 compiler and the standard library.
1156 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
1157 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
1158 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
1159 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
1160 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
1161 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
1162 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
1163 properly exported][inc].
1164 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
1165 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
1166 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
1167 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
1172 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
1173 [multiple improvements][pre].
1174 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
1175 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
1176 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
1177 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
1178 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
1179 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
1180 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
1181 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
1183 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
1184 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
1187 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
1188 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1189 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1190 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
1191 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
1192 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
1193 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
1194 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
1195 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
1196 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
1197 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
1198 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
1199 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
1200 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
1201 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
1202 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
1203 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
1204 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
1205 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
1206 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
1207 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
1208 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
1209 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
1210 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
1211 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
1212 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
1213 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
1214 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
1215 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
1217 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
1218 ========================
1220 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1225 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
1226 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
1228 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
1230 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
1236 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
1237 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
1238 without breaking downstream code.
1239 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
1240 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
1241 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
1242 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
1243 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
1245 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
1246 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
1247 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
1248 to underscore for the crate name.
1249 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
1250 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
1251 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
1252 `MyType::default()`.
1253 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
1254 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
1255 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
1256 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
1257 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
1258 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
1259 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
1260 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
1261 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
1262 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
1263 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
1264 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
1265 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
1266 arguments except in minor ways.
1267 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
1268 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
1274 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
1275 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
1277 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
1278 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
1279 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
1280 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
1281 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
1282 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
1283 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
1284 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
1285 number of 'splits'][spl].
1286 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
1287 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
1288 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
1289 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
1290 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
1292 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
1294 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
1295 `String::from`][sf].
1296 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
1297 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
1298 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
1300 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
1301 was the major library focus for this cycle.
1302 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
1303 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
1304 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
1305 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
1307 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
1308 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
1309 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
1310 many existing ad hoc traits.
1311 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
1312 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
1313 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
1314 hierarchy in the future.
1315 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
1316 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
1317 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
1318 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
1319 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
1320 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
1321 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
1326 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
1327 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
1328 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
1330 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
1332 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
1333 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
1334 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
1337 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
1338 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
1339 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
1340 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
1341 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
1342 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
1343 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1344 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1345 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1346 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1347 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1348 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1349 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1350 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1351 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1352 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1353 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1354 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1355 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1356 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1357 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1358 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1359 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1360 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1361 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1362 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1363 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1364 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1365 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1366 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1367 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1368 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1369 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1370 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1371 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1372 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1373 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1374 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1377 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1378 =====================================
1380 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1384 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1385 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1386 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1388 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1389 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1390 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1391 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1395 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1396 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1397 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1398 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1399 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1400 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1401 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1402 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1403 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1404 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1405 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1406 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1407 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1408 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1409 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1410 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1411 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1412 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1413 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1414 from references to vectors into references to
1415 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1416 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1417 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1418 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1422 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1423 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1424 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1425 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1426 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1427 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1428 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1429 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1430 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1431 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1432 creating raw pointers.
1436 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1437 are now [split neatly across multiple
1438 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1439 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1440 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1441 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1442 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1443 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1448 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1449 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1451 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1452 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1453 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1454 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1455 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1456 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1457 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1458 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1459 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1460 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1461 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1462 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1463 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1464 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1465 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1466 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1467 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1468 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1469 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1470 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1471 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1472 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1473 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1476 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1477 ==================================
1479 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1483 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1484 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1485 before the final release.
1486 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1487 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1489 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1490 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1491 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1492 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1493 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1494 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1495 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1496 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1497 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1498 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1499 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1500 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1501 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1502 Rust package manager.
1506 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1507 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1508 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1509 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1510 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1511 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1512 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1514 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1515 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1516 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1518 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1520 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1521 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1522 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1523 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1524 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1526 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1527 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1528 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1530 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1531 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1533 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1534 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1535 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1536 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1537 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1538 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1539 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1540 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1541 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1542 library types unknown to the compiler).
1543 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1544 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1545 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1546 compared with `&str`.
1547 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1548 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1549 characters][unicode].
1550 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1551 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1552 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1553 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1554 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1556 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1557 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1558 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1559 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1560 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1561 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1562 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1563 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1564 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1565 unboxed closures to work.
1566 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1567 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1568 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1569 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1570 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1571 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1573 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1574 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1575 conventions][derive].
1576 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1577 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1578 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1579 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1580 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1581 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1582 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1586 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1587 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1588 improvements throughout the standard library.
1589 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1590 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1591 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1592 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1593 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1594 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1595 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1596 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1597 syscall when available.
1598 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1599 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1600 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1601 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1602 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1603 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1604 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1605 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1606 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1607 represented as strings.
1611 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1612 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1614 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1615 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1616 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1617 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1622 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1623 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1624 space than the inner types themselves.
1625 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1627 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1628 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1629 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1630 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1631 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1632 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1633 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1634 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1635 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1636 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1637 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1638 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1639 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1640 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1641 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1642 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1643 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1644 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1645 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1646 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1647 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1648 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1649 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1650 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1651 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1652 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1653 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1654 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1655 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1656 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1657 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1658 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1659 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1660 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1663 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1664 =============================
1666 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1670 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1671 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1673 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1674 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1675 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1676 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1677 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1678 stabilization progress.
1679 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1680 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1681 be installed with Cargo.
1682 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1683 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1684 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1687 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1689 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1690 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1691 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1692 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1693 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1694 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1695 impossible with the existing syntax.
1696 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1697 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1698 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1699 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1700 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1701 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1702 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1703 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1704 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1706 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1707 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1708 gate and may be removed in the future.
1709 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1710 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1712 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1713 is handled by the package manager.
1714 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1715 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1716 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1718 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1720 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1721 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1722 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1723 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1724 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1725 that capture by value.
1726 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1727 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1728 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1729 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1731 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1732 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1734 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1735 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1736 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1737 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1738 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1739 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1740 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1741 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1743 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1744 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1745 revisited in the future.
1748 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1749 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1750 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1751 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1753 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1755 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1756 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1757 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1758 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1759 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1760 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1761 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1762 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1763 idiomatic and efficient design.
1766 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1767 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1768 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1769 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1770 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1771 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1772 package manager for versioning.
1773 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1774 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1775 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1776 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1777 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1781 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1782 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1783 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1786 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1787 ==========================
1789 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1792 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1794 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1796 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1798 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1799 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1800 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1801 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1802 instead of any integral type.
1803 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1804 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1805 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1806 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1807 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1808 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1809 is still provided by a library implementation.
1810 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1811 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1812 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1813 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1814 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1815 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1816 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1817 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1818 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1819 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1820 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1821 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1822 if, while, match, and for..in.
1823 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1825 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1826 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1827 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1829 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1830 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1833 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1834 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1835 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1837 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1838 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1839 kernel development for example.
1840 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1841 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1842 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1843 better error messages.
1844 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1845 around the Result type.
1846 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1848 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1849 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1850 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1851 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1852 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1853 management of bit flags.
1854 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1855 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1856 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1857 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1858 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1859 to being based on methods.
1860 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1861 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1862 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1863 and sized deallocation
1864 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1865 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1867 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1868 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1869 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1871 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1872 an external libdebug crate.
1873 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1874 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1875 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1876 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1878 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1879 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1882 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1883 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1884 discovery of breaking changes.
1885 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1886 lifetime-related error occurs.
1887 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1888 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1889 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1890 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1891 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1892 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1893 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1894 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1895 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1896 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1897 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1898 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1899 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1900 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1901 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1902 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1903 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1904 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1905 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1907 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1908 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1909 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1910 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1911 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1912 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1913 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1914 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1915 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1919 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1920 =========================
1922 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1925 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1926 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1927 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1929 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1931 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1932 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1933 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1934 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1935 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1936 reference counting have been removed.
1937 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1938 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1939 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1940 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1941 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1942 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1944 * Unnecessary parentheses
1947 * Uppercase variables
1948 * Publicly visible private types
1949 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1950 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1951 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1952 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1953 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1954 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1955 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1956 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1957 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1958 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1959 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1960 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1961 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1963 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1964 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1965 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1966 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1968 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1969 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1970 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1971 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1973 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1974 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1975 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1978 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1979 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1980 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1981 documentation index page.
1982 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1983 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1984 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1985 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1986 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1987 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1988 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1989 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1990 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
1991 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
1992 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
1993 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
1994 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
1995 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
1996 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
1997 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
1998 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
1999 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
2000 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
2001 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
2002 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
2003 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
2004 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
2005 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
2006 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
2007 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
2008 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
2009 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
2010 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
2011 still implement the function.
2012 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
2013 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
2014 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
2015 print them in exponential notation.
2016 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
2017 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
2018 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
2019 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
2020 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
2021 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
2022 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
2023 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
2024 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
2025 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
2026 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
2027 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
2028 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
2029 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
2030 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
2031 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
2032 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
2033 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
2035 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
2036 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
2038 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
2039 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
2040 and various trimming of code.
2041 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
2042 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
2043 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
2044 dropping redundant functionality.
2045 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
2046 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
2047 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
2048 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
2050 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
2051 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
2052 hexadecimal literal.
2055 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
2056 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
2057 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
2058 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
2060 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
2062 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
2063 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
2064 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
2065 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
2066 android much more reliable.
2067 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
2068 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
2069 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
2070 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
2071 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
2072 function to fix the error.
2073 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
2075 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
2076 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
2077 * render standalone markdown files.
2078 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
2079 * exported macros are displayed.
2080 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
2082 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
2086 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
2087 ==========================
2089 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
2092 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
2093 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
2094 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
2095 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
2096 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
2097 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
2098 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
2099 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
2101 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
2102 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
2103 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
2104 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
2106 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
2107 * `@fn`s have been removed.
2108 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
2110 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
2111 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
2112 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
2113 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
2114 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
2115 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
2116 terminated with a semicolon.
2117 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
2118 no longer has any special meaning.
2119 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
2120 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
2121 `print!` and `println!`.
2122 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
2123 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
2124 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
2125 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
2126 * Macros can have attributes.
2127 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
2128 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
2129 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
2130 * Comments may be nested.
2131 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
2133 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
2134 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
2135 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
2136 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
2137 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
2138 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
2139 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
2140 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
2141 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
2142 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
2143 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
2144 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
2145 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
2146 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
2147 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
2148 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
2149 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
2151 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
2152 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
2153 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2155 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2157 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
2158 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
2159 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
2160 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
2161 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
2162 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
2163 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
2164 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
2165 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
2166 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
2167 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
2168 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
2169 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
2172 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
2173 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
2174 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
2175 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
2176 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
2178 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
2179 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
2180 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
2181 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
2182 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
2183 just a wrapper around it).
2184 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
2185 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
2186 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
2187 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
2188 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
2189 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
2190 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
2191 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
2192 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
2193 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
2194 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
2195 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
2196 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
2197 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
2198 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
2199 if the index is out of bounds.
2200 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
2201 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
2202 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
2203 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
2205 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
2207 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
2208 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
2209 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
2210 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
2212 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
2213 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
2214 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
2215 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
2216 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
2217 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
2218 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
2219 embedded environments.
2220 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
2221 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
2223 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
2224 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
2225 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
2227 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
2229 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
2230 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
2231 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
2232 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
2233 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
2234 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
2238 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
2240 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
2241 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
2242 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
2243 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
2244 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
2245 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
2246 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
2247 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
2248 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
2252 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
2253 ============================
2255 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
2258 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
2259 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
2260 * Default methods are ready for use.
2261 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
2262 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
2263 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
2264 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
2266 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
2267 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
2269 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
2270 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
2271 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
2272 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
2273 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
2274 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
2275 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
2276 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
2277 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
2278 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
2279 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
2280 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
2281 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
2282 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
2283 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
2284 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
2285 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
2286 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
2287 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
2288 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
2289 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
2290 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
2291 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
2292 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
2293 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
2294 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
2295 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
2296 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
2297 prefixes (default: allow).
2298 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
2299 `std::unstable::simd`.
2300 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
2301 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
2302 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
2303 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2304 extension) to stdout.
2305 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2306 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
2307 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
2308 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
2309 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
2311 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
2312 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
2313 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
2317 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
2318 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
2320 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
2321 `uint::range` and friends.
2322 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
2323 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
2324 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
2325 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
2326 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
2327 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
2328 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
2329 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
2331 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
2332 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
2334 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
2336 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
2337 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
2339 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
2340 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
2341 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
2342 no longer function pointers.
2343 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2344 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2345 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2347 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2348 is required in implementations.
2349 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2350 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2351 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2352 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2353 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2354 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2356 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2357 sense in the new scheduler design.
2358 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2360 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2361 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2362 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2363 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2364 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2365 default implementations.
2366 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2367 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2368 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2369 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2370 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2371 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2372 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2373 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2374 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2375 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2376 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2377 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2378 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2379 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2380 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2381 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2382 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2383 * extra: `par` module removed.
2384 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2385 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2388 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2389 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2390 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2391 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2392 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2393 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2394 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2396 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2397 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2398 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2399 * All tools have man pages.
2400 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2401 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2402 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2403 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2404 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2405 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2408 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2409 =======================
2411 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2414 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2416 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2417 many bugs and inconveniences.
2418 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2419 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2420 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2421 removed due to bugs.
2422 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2423 so they compose better.
2424 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2425 * Trait default methods work more often.
2426 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2427 no padding between fields.
2428 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2430 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2431 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2432 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2433 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2434 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2435 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2436 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2438 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2440 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2441 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2442 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2443 are never implicitly copyable.
2444 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2445 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2446 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2449 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2451 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2452 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2454 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2455 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2458 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2459 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2460 * More and improved documentation.
2461 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2462 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2463 implementations of `Iterator`.
2464 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2465 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2466 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2467 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2468 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2469 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2470 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2471 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2472 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2473 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2474 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2475 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2476 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2477 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2478 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2479 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2480 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2481 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2482 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2483 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2484 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2485 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2486 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2487 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2488 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2489 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2490 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2491 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2492 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2493 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2494 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2495 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2496 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2497 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2498 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2499 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2500 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2501 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2504 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2505 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2507 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2509 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2510 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2511 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2512 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2513 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2514 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2515 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2516 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2517 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2518 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2519 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2520 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2521 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2522 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2525 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2526 ========================
2528 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2531 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2532 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2533 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2534 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2535 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2536 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2537 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2538 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2539 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2540 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2541 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2542 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2543 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2544 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2545 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2546 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2547 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2548 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2549 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2550 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2551 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2552 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2553 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2554 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2555 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2556 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2557 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2558 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2559 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2560 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2561 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2562 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2563 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2564 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2565 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2566 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2567 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2568 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2569 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2570 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2573 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2574 eliminating the `move` keyword
2575 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2576 * &mut is now unaliasable
2577 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2579 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2580 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2581 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2582 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2583 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2584 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2585 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2586 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2587 * Structural records have been removed
2588 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2589 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2590 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2591 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2592 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2593 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2594 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2597 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2598 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2599 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2600 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2601 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2602 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2603 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2604 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2605 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2606 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2607 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2608 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2609 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2610 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2611 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2612 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2613 by certain container types
2616 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2617 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2618 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2619 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2620 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2621 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2622 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2623 * Various memory usage improvements
2624 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2625 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2628 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2629 ===========================
2631 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2634 * Removed `<-` move operator
2635 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2636 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2637 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2638 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2639 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2640 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2641 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2642 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2643 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2646 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2647 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2648 * Enum variants may be structs
2649 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2650 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2651 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2652 without writing `move` explicitly
2653 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2654 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2655 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2656 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2657 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2660 * Improved support for language features
2661 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2662 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2663 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2664 * Static methods work in more situations
2665 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2669 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2670 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2671 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2672 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2673 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2674 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2675 * Moved futures to `std`
2676 * More functions are pure now
2677 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2678 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2681 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2682 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2685 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2686 ==========================
2688 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2691 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2692 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2693 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2694 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2695 * Explicit method self types
2696 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2697 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2698 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2699 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2700 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2701 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2702 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2705 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2706 * Trait methods may be static
2707 * Argument modes are deprecated
2708 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2709 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2710 * Typestate was removed
2711 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2712 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2715 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2717 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2718 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2719 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2722 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2723 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2724 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2726 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2727 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2728 * More robust linked task failure
2729 * Improved task builder API
2732 * Improved error reporting
2733 * Preliminary JIT support
2734 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2735 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2736 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2737 Rust-based (visitor) code
2738 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2741 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2742 ========================
2744 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2746 * New coding conveniences
2747 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2748 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2749 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2750 * Documentation comments
2751 * More compact closure syntax
2752 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2754 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2757 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2758 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2760 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2761 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2762 * Extensive work on region pointers
2764 * Experimental new language features
2765 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2766 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2767 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2768 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2769 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2770 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2774 * Removal of various obsolete features
2775 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2776 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2778 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2779 resources (replaced by destructors)
2781 * Compiler reorganization
2782 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2783 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2784 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2787 * New time functions
2788 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2789 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2790 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2791 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2792 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2793 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2794 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2797 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2800 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2801 =========================
2803 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2805 * New docs and doc tooling
2807 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2809 * Compilation model enhancements
2810 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2811 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2813 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2814 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2815 * Explicit schedulers
2819 * Experimental new language features
2820 * Operator overloading
2824 * Various language extensions
2825 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2826 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2827 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2828 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2829 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2830 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2831 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2834 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2835 * Revived libuv interface
2836 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2837 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2838 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2841 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2842 ===============================
2844 * Most language features work, including:
2845 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2846 * Interface-constrained generics
2847 * Static interface dispatch
2849 * Multithread task scheduling
2850 * Typestate predicates
2851 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2852 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2853 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2854 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2856 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2857 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2858 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2859 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2861 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2863 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2867 * Documentation is incomplete.
2869 * Performance is below intended target.
2871 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2873 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will