1 Version 1.8.0 (2016-04-14)
2 ==========================
7 * Rust supports overloading of compound assignment statements like
8 `+=` by implementing the [`AddAssign`], [`SubAssign`],
9 [`MulAssign`], [`DivAssign`], [`RemAssign`], [`BitAndAssign`],
10 [`BitOrAssign`], [`BitXorAssign`], [`ShlAssign`], or [`ShrAssign`]
12 * Empty structs can be defined with braces, as in `struct Foo { }`, in
13 addition to the non-braced form, `struct Foo;`. [RFC 218].
19 * [`str::encode_utf16`][] (renamed from `utf16_units`)
20 * [`str::EncodeUtf16`][] (renamed from `Utf16Units`)
23 * [`ptr::drop_in_place`]
25 * [`time::SystemTime`]
27 * [`Instant::duration_since`][] (renamed from `duration_from_earlier`)
28 * [`Instant::elapsed`]
30 * [`SystemTime::duration_since`][] (renamed from `duration_from_earlier`)
31 * [`SystemTime::elapsed`]
32 * Various `Add`/`Sub` impls for `Time` and `SystemTime`
34 * [`SystemTimeError::duration`]
35 * Various impls for `SystemTimeError`
37 * [`AddAssign`], [`SubAssign`], [`MulAssign`], [`DivAssign`],
38 [`RemAssign`], [`BitAndAssign`], [`BitOrAssign`],
39 [`BitXorAssign`], [`ShlAssign`], [`ShrAssign`].
40 * [The `write!` and `writeln!` macros correctly emit errors if any of
41 their arguments can't be formatted][1.8w].
42 * [Various I/O functions support large files on 32-bit Linux][1.8l].
43 * [The Unix-specific `raw` modules, which contain a number of
44 redefined C types are deprecated][1.8r], including `os::raw::unix`,
45 `os::raw::macos`, and `os::raw::linux`. These modules defined types
46 such as `ino_t` and `dev_t`. The inconsistency of these definitions
47 across platforms was making it difficult to implement `std`
48 correctly. Those that need these definitions should use the `libc`
50 * The Unix-specific `MetadataExt` traits, including
51 `os::unix::fs::MetadataExt`, which expose values such as inode
52 numbers [no longer return platform-specific types][1.8r], but
53 instead return widened integers. [RFC 1415].
54 * [`btree_set::{IntoIter, Iter, Range}` are covariant][1.8cv].
55 * [Atomic loads and stores are not volatile][1.8a].
56 * [All types in `sync::mpsc` implement `fmt::Debug`][1.8mp].
61 * [Inlining hash functions lead to a 3% compile-time improvement in
62 some workloads][1.8h].
63 * When using jemalloc, its symbols are [unprefixed so that it
64 overrides the libc malloc implementation][1.8h]. This means that for
65 rustc, LLVM is now using jemalloc, which results in a 6%
66 compile-time improvement on a specific workload.
67 * [Avoid quadratic growth in function size due to cleanups][1.8cu].
72 * [32-bit MSVC builds finally implement unwinding][1.8ms].
73 i686-pc-windows-msvc is now considered a tier-1 platform.
74 * [The `--print targets` flag prints a list of supported targets][1.8t].
75 * [The `--print cfg` flag prints the `cfg`s defined for the current
77 * [`rustc` can be built with an new Cargo-based build system, written
78 in Rust][1.8b]. It will eventually replace Rust's Makefile-based
79 build system. To enable it configure with `configure --rustbuild`.
80 * [Errors for non-exhaustive `match` patterns now list up to 3 missing
81 variants while also indicating the total number of missing variants
82 if more than 3][1.8m].
83 * [Executable stacks are disabled on Linux and BSD][1.8nx].
84 * The Rust Project now publishes binary releases of the standard
85 library for a number of tier-2 targets:
86 `armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf`, `powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu`,
87 `powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu`, `powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu`
88 `x86_64-rumprun-netbsd`. These can be installed with
89 tools such as [multirust][1.8mr].
94 * [`cargo init` creates a new Cargo project in the current
95 directory][1.8ci]. It is otherwise like `cargo new`.
96 * [Cargo has configuration keys for `-v` and
97 `--color`][1.8cc]. `verbose` and `color`, respectively, go in the
98 `[term]` section of `.cargo/config`.
99 * [Configuration keys that evaluate to strings or integers can be set
100 via environment variables][1.8ce]. For example the `build.jobs` key
101 can be set via `CARGO_BUILD_JOBS`. Environment variables take
102 precedence over config files.
103 * [Target-specific dependencies support Rust `cfg` syntax for
104 describing targets][1.8cfg] so that dependencies for multiple
105 targets can be specified together. [RFC 1361].
106 * [The environment variables `CARGO_TARGET_ROOT`, `RUSTC`, and
107 `RUSTDOC` take precedence over the `build.target-dir`,
108 `build.rustc`, and `build.rustdoc` configuration values][1.8cv].
109 * [The child process tree is killed on Windows when Cargo is
111 * [The `build.target` configuration value sets the target platform,
112 like `--target`][1.8ct].
117 * [Unstable compiler flags have been further restricted][1.8u]. Since
118 1.0 `-Z` flags have been considered unstable, and other flags that
119 were considered unstable additionally required passing `-Z
120 unstable-options` to access. Unlike unstable language and library
121 features though, these options have been accessible on the stable
122 release channel. Going forward, *new unstable flags will not be
123 available on the stable release channel*, and old unstable flags
124 will warn about their usage. In the future, all unstable flags will
125 be unavailable on the stable release channel.
126 * [It is no longer possible to `match` on empty enum variants using
127 the `Variant(..)` syntax][1.8v]. This has been a warning since 1.6.
128 * The Unix-specific `MetadataExt` traits, including
129 `os::unix::fs::MetadataExt`, which expose values such as inode
130 numbers [no longer return platform-specific types][1.8r], but
131 instead return widened integers. [RFC 1415].
132 * [Modules sourced from the filesystem cannot appear within arbitrary
133 blocks, but only within other modules][1.8m].
134 * [`--cfg` compiler flags are parsed strictly as identifiers][1.8c].
135 * On Unix, [stack overflow triggers a runtime abort instead of a
137 * [`Command::spawn` and its equivalents return an error if any of
138 its command-line arguments contain interior `NUL`s][1.8n].
139 * [Tuple and unit enum variants from other crates are in the type
141 * [On Windows `rustc` emits `.lib` files for the `staticlib` library
142 type instead of `.a` files][1.8st]. Additionally, for the MSVC
143 toolchain, `rustc` emits import libraries named `foo.dll.lib`
144 instead of `foo.lib`.
147 [1.8a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30962
148 [1.8b]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31123
149 [1.8c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31530
150 [1.8cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2397
151 [1.8ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2398
152 [1.8cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31278
153 [1.8cfg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2328
154 [1.8ci]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2081
155 [1.8ck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2370
156 [1.8ct]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2335
157 [1.8cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31390
158 [1.8cv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/2365
159 [1.8cv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
160 [1.8h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31460
161 [1.8l]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31668
162 [1.8m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31020
163 [1.8m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31534
164 [1.8mp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30894
165 [1.8mr]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/multirust-0-8-with-cross-std-installation/4901
166 [1.8ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30448
167 [1.8n]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31056
168 [1.8nx]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30859
169 [1.8r]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31551
170 [1.8so]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31333
171 [1.8st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29520
172 [1.8t]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31358
173 [1.8tn]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30882
174 [1.8u]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31793
175 [1.8v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31757
176 [1.8w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31904
177 [RFC 1361]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1361-cargo-cfg-dependencies.md
178 [RFC 1415]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1415-trim-std-os.md
179 [RFC 218]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0218-empty-struct-with-braces.md
180 [RFC 953]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0953-op-assign.md
181 [`AddAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.AddAssign.html
182 [`BitAndAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.BitAndAssign.html
183 [`BitOrAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.BitOrAssign.html
184 [`BitXorAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.BitXorAssign.html
185 [`DivAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DivAssign.html
186 [`Instant::duration_since`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Instant.html#method.duration_since
187 [`Instant::elapsed`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Instant.html#method.elapsed
188 [`Instant::now`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Instant.html#method.now
189 [`MulAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.MulAssign.html
190 [`Ref::map`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Ref.html#method.map
191 [`RefMut::map`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefMut.html#method.map
192 [`RemAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.RemAssign.html
193 [`ShlAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.ShlAssign.html
194 [`ShrAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.ShrAssign.html
195 [`SubAssign`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.SubAssign.html
196 [`SystemTime::duration_since`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTime.html#method.duration_since
197 [`SystemTime::elapsed`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTime.html#method.elapsed
198 [`SystemTime::now`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTime.html#method.now
199 [`SystemTimeError::duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTimeError.html#method.duration
200 [`SystemTimeError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTimeError.html
201 [`UNIX_EPOCH`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/constant.UNIX_EPOCH.html
202 [`ptr::drop_in_place`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ptr/fn.drop_in_place.html
203 [`str::EncodeUtf16`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.EncodeUtf16.html
204 [`str::encode_utf16`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.encode_utf16
205 [`time::Instant`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Instant.html
206 [`time::SystemTime`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.SystemTime.html
209 Version 1.7.0 (2016-03-03)
210 ==========================
217 * [`Path::strip_prefix`][] (renamed from relative_from)
218 * [`path::StripPrefixError`][] (new error type returned from strip_prefix)
220 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]
221 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]
222 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]
223 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]
224 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]
225 * [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]
227 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]
228 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]
229 * [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]
232 * [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]
235 * [`String::as_mut_str`]
237 * `<[T]>::`[`clone_from_slice`], which now requires the two slices to
239 * `<[T]>::`[`sort_by_key`]
240 * checked, saturated, and overflowing operations
241 * [`i32::checked_rem`], [`i32::checked_neg`], [`i32::checked_shl`], [`i32::checked_shr`]
242 * [`i32::saturating_mul`]
243 * [`i32::overflowing_add`], [`i32::overflowing_sub`], [`i32::overflowing_mul`], [`i32::overflowing_div`]
244 * [`i32::overflowing_rem`], [`i32::overflowing_neg`], [`i32::overflowing_shl`], [`i32::overflowing_shr`]
245 * [`u32::checked_rem`], [`u32::checked_neg`], [`u32::checked_shl`], [`u32::checked_shl`]
246 * [`u32::saturating_mul`]
247 * [`u32::overflowing_add`], [`u32::overflowing_sub`], [`u32::overflowing_mul`], [`u32::overflowing_div`]
248 * [`u32::overflowing_rem`], [`u32::overflowing_neg`], [`u32::overflowing_shl`], [`u32::overflowing_shr`]
249 * and checked, saturated, and overflowing operations for other primitive types
251 * [`ffi::IntoStringError`]
252 * [`CString::into_string`]
253 * [`CString::into_bytes`]
254 * [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]
255 * `From<CString> for Vec<u8>`
257 * [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]
258 * [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]
259 * `Error for IntoStringError`
261 * [`std::hash::BuildHasher`]
262 * [`BuildHasher::Hasher`]
263 * [`BuildHasher::build_hasher`]
264 * [`std::hash::BuildHasherDefault`]
265 * [`HashMap::with_hasher`]
266 * [`HashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher`]
267 * [`HashSet::with_hasher`]
268 * [`HashSet::with_capacity_and_hasher`]
269 * [`std::collections::hash_map::RandomState`]
270 * [`RandomState::new`]
271 * [Validating UTF-8 is faster by a factor of between 7 and 14x for
272 ASCII input][1.7utf8]. This means that creating `String`s and `str`s
273 from bytes is faster.
274 * [The performance of `LineWriter` (and thus `io::stdout`) was
275 improved by using `memchr` to search for newlines][1.7m].
276 * [`f32::to_degrees` and `f32::to_radians` are stable][1.7f]. The
277 `f64` variants were stabilized previously.
278 * [`BTreeMap` was rewritten to use less memory and improve the performance
279 of insertion and iteration, the latter by as much as 5x][1.7bm].
280 * [`BTreeSet` and its iterators, `Iter`, `IntoIter`, and `Range` are
281 covariant over their contained type][1.7bt].
282 * [`LinkedList` and its iterators, `Iter` and `IntoIter` are covariant
283 over their contained type][1.7ll].
284 * [`str::replace` now accepts a `Pattern`][1.7rp], like other string
286 * [`Any` is implemented for unsized types][1.7a].
287 * [`Hash` is implemented for `Duration`][1.7h].
292 * [When running tests with `--test`, rustdoc will pass `--cfg`
293 arguments to the compiler][1.7dt].
294 * [The compiler is built with RPATH information by default][1.7rpa].
295 This means that it will be possible to run `rustc` when installed in
296 unusual configurations without configuring the dynamic linker search
298 * [`rustc` passes `--enable-new-dtags` to GNU ld][1.7dta]. This makes
299 any RPATH entries (emitted with `-C rpath`) *not* take precedence
300 over `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
305 * [`cargo rustc` accepts a `--profile` flag that runs `rustc` under
306 any of the compilation profiles, 'dev', 'bench', or 'test'][1.7cp].
307 * [The `rerun-if-changed` build script directive no longer causes the
308 build script to incorrectly run twice in certain scenarios][1.7rr].
313 * Soundness fixes to the interactions between associated types and
314 lifetimes, specified in [RFC 1214], [now generate errors][1.7sf] for
315 code that violates the new rules. This is a significant change that
316 is known to break existing code, so it has emitted warnings for the
317 new error cases since 1.4 to give crate authors time to adapt. The
318 details of what is changing are subtle; read the RFC for more.
319 * [Several bugs in the compiler's visibility calculations were
320 fixed][1.7v]. Since this was found to break significant amounts of
321 code, the new errors will be emitted as warnings for several release
322 cycles, under the `private_in_public` lint.
323 * Defaulted type parameters were accidentally accepted in positions
324 that were not intended. In this release, [defaulted type parameters
325 appearing outside of type definitions will generate a
326 warning][1.7d], which will become an error in future releases.
327 * [Parsing "." as a float results in an error instead of 0][1.7p].
328 That is, `".".parse::<f32>()` returns `Err`, not `Ok(0.0)`.
329 * [Borrows of closure parameters may not outlive the closure][1.7bc].
331 [1.7a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30928
332 [1.7bc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30341
333 [1.7bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30426
334 [1.7bt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
335 [1.7cp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2224
336 [1.7d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30724
337 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30372
338 [1.7dta]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30394
339 [1.7f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30672
340 [1.7h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30818
341 [1.7ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30663
342 [1.7m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30381
343 [1.7p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30681
344 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29498
345 [1.7rpa]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30353
346 [1.7rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2279
347 [1.7sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30389
348 [1.7utf8]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30740
349 [1.7v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29973
350 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
351 [`BuildHasher::Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
352 [`BuildHasher::build_hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.BuildHasher.html#tymethod.build_hasher
353 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes_with_nul
354 [`CString::into_bytes`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes
355 [`CString::into_string`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_string
356 [`HashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.with_capacity_and_hasher
357 [`HashMap::with_hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.with_hasher
358 [`HashSet::with_capacity_and_hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#method.with_capacity_and_hasher
359 [`HashSet::with_hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#method.with_hasher
360 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.into_cstring
361 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.utf8_error
362 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_broadcast
363 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_documentation
364 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_link_local
365 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_loopback
366 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_multicast
367 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_private
368 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_loopback
369 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_multicast
370 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_unspecified
371 [`Path::strip_prefix`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.strip_prefix
372 [`RandomState::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.RandomState.html#method.new
373 [`String::as_mut_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_mut_str
374 [`String::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_str
375 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_mut_slice
376 [`Vec::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_slice
377 [`clone_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.clone_from_slice
378 [`ffi::IntoStringError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html
379 [`i32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_neg
380 [`i32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_rem
381 [`i32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shl
382 [`i32::checked_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shr
383 [`i32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_add
384 [`i32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_div
385 [`i32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_mul
386 [`i32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_neg
387 [`i32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_rem
388 [`i32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shl
389 [`i32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shr
390 [`i32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_sub
391 [`i32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.saturating_mul
392 [`path::StripPrefixError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.StripPrefixError.html
393 [`sort_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by_key
394 [`std::collections::hash_map::RandomState`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.RandomState.html
395 [`std::hash::BuildHasherDefault`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/struct.BuildHasherDefault.html
396 [`std::hash::BuildHasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.BuildHasher.html
397 [`u32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_neg
398 [`u32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_rem
399 [`u32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_neg
400 [`u32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_shl
401 [`u32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_add
402 [`u32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_div
403 [`u32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_mul
404 [`u32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_neg
405 [`u32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_rem
406 [`u32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shl
407 [`u32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shr
408 [`u32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_sub
409 [`u32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.saturating_mul
412 Version 1.6.0 (2016-01-21)
413 ==========================
418 * The `#![no_std]` attribute causes a crate to not be linked to the
419 standard library, but only the [core library][1.6co], as described
420 in [RFC 1184]. The core library defines common types and traits but
421 has no platform dependencies whatsoever, and is the basis for Rust
422 software in environments that cannot support a full port of the
423 standard library, such as operating systems. Most of the core
424 library is now stable.
430 [`Read::read_exact`],
431 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`][] (renamed from `UnexpectedEOF`),
432 [`fs::DirBuilder`], [`fs::DirBuilder::new`],
433 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`], [`fs::DirBuilder::create`],
434 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`],
435 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`], [`vec::Drain`],
436 [`vec::Vec::drain`], [`string::Drain`], [`string::String::drain`],
437 [`vec_deque::Drain`], [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`],
438 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`],
439 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`],
440 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`],
441 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`],
442 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`],
443 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`],
444 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`][] (renamed from `push_all`),
445 [`Mutex::get_mut`], [`Mutex::into_inner`], [`RwLock::get_mut`],
446 [`RwLock::into_inner`],
447 [`Iterator::min_by_key`][] (renamed from `min_by`),
448 [`Iterator::max_by_key`][] (renamed from `max_by`).
449 * The [core library][1.6co] is stable, as are most of its APIs.
450 * [The `assert_eq!` macro supports arguments that don't implement
451 `Sized`][1.6ae], such as arrays. In this way it behaves more like
453 * Several timer functions that take duration in milliseconds [are
454 deprecated in favor of those that take `Duration`][1.6ms]. These
455 include `Condvar::wait_timeout_ms`, `thread::sleep_ms`, and
456 `thread::park_timeout_ms`.
457 * The algorithm by which `Vec` reserves additional elements was
458 [tweaked to not allocate excessive space][1.6a] while still growing
460 * `From` conversions are [implemented from integers to floats][1.6f]
461 in cases where the conversion is lossless. Thus they are not
462 implemented for 32-bit ints to `f32`, nor for 64-bit ints to `f32`
463 or `f64`. They are also not implemented for `isize` and `usize`
464 because the implementations would be platform-specific. `From` is
465 also implemented from `f32` to `f64`.
466 * `From<&Path>` and `From<PathBuf>` are implemented for `Cow<Path>`.
467 * `From<T>` is implemented for `Box<T>`, `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`.
468 * `IntoIterator` is implemented for `&PathBuf` and `&Path`.
469 * [`BinaryHeap` was refactored][1.6bh] for modest performance
471 * Sorting slices that are already sorted [is 50% faster in some
477 * Cargo will look in `$CARGO_HOME/bin` for subcommands [by default][1.6c].
478 * Cargo build scripts can specify their dependencies by emitting the
479 [`rerun-if-changed`][1.6rr] key.
480 * crates.io will reject publication of crates with dependencies that
481 have a wildcard version constraint. Crates with wildcard
482 dependencies were seen to cause a variety of problems, as described
483 in [RFC 1241]. Since 1.5 publication of such crates has emitted a
485 * `cargo clean` [accepts a `--release` flag][1.6cc] to clean the
486 release folder. A variety of artifacts that Cargo failed to clean
487 are now correctly deleted.
492 * The `unreachable_code` lint [warns when a function call's argument
494 * The parser indicates [failures that may be caused by
495 confusingly-similar Unicode characters][1.6uc]
496 * Certain macro errors [are reported at definition time][1.6m], not
502 * The compiler no longer makes use of the [`RUST_PATH`][1.6rp]
503 environment variable when locating crates. This was a pre-cargo
504 feature for integrating with the package manager that was
505 accidentally never removed.
506 * [A number of bugs were fixed in the privacy checker][1.6p] that
507 could cause previously-accepted code to break.
508 * [Modules and unit/tuple structs may not share the same name][1.6ts].
509 * [Bugs in pattern matching unit structs were fixed][1.6us]. The tuple
510 struct pattern syntax (`Foo(..)`) can no longer be used to match
511 unit structs. This is a warning now, but will become an error in
512 future releases. Patterns that share the same name as a const are
514 * A bug was fixed that causes [rustc not to apply default type
515 parameters][1.6xc] when resolving certain method implementations of
516 traits defined in other crates.
518 [1.6a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29454
519 [1.6ae]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29770
520 [1.6bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29811
521 [1.6c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2192
522 [1.6cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2131
523 [1.6co]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/core/index.html
524 [1.6dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30000
525 [1.6f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
526 [1.6m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29828
527 [1.6ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29604
528 [1.6p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29726
529 [1.6rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30034
530 [1.6rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2134
531 [1.6s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29675
532 [1.6ts]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21546
533 [1.6uc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29837
534 [1.6us]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29383
535 [1.6xc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30123
536 [RFC 1184]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1184-stabilize-no_std.md
537 [RFC 1241]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
538 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.UnexpectedEof
539 [`Iterator::max_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.max_by_key
540 [`Iterator::min_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.min_by_key
541 [`Mutex::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.get_mut
542 [`Mutex::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.into_inner
543 [`Read::read_exact`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_exact
544 [`RwLock::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.get_mut
545 [`RwLock::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.into_inner
546 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.extend_from_slice
547 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.drain
548 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.Drain.html
549 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.Drain.html
550 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#method.drain
551 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.Drain.html
552 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.HashSet.html#method.drain
553 [`fs::DirBuilder::create`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.create
554 [`fs::DirBuilder::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.new
555 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.recursive
556 [`fs::DirBuilder`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html
557 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html#tymethod.mode
558 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html
559 [`string::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.Drain.html
560 [`string::String::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.drain
561 [`vec::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Drain.html
562 [`vec::Vec::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.drain
563 [`vec_deque::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.Drain.html
564 [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.VecDeque.html#method.drain
567 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
568 ==========================
570 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
576 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
577 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
578 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
579 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
580 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
581 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
582 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
583 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
584 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
585 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
586 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
587 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
588 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
589 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
590 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
591 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
592 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
593 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
594 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
595 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
596 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
597 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
598 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
599 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
600 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
601 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
602 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
603 invoked as `cargo foo`.
604 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
605 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
606 crates with wildcard dependencies.
611 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
612 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
613 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
614 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
615 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
616 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
617 contains methods of the same name.
618 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
619 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
620 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
621 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
622 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
623 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
624 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
625 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
626 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
627 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
628 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
629 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
630 in valid locations][1.5at].
631 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
632 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
633 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
634 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
635 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
636 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
637 generate errors][1.5nu].
638 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
639 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
640 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
646 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
647 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
648 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
649 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
650 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
651 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
652 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
653 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
658 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
660 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
661 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
662 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
663 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
664 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
665 the conversions are lossless.
666 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
667 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
669 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
670 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
671 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
672 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
673 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
674 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
675 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
676 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
677 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
678 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
679 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
680 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
685 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
686 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
687 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
688 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
689 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
690 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
691 reported once][1.5te].
692 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
693 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
695 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
696 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
697 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
698 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
699 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
700 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
701 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
702 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
703 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
704 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
705 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
706 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
707 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
708 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
709 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
710 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
711 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
712 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
713 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
714 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
715 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
716 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
717 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
718 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
719 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
720 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
721 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
722 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
723 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
724 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
725 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
726 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
727 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
728 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
729 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
730 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
731 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
732 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
733 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
734 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
735 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
736 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
737 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
738 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
739 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
740 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
741 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
742 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
743 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
744 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
745 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
746 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
747 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
748 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
749 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
750 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
751 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
752 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
753 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
754 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
755 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
756 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
757 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
758 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
759 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
760 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
761 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
762 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
763 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
764 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
765 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
766 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
767 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
768 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
769 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
770 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
771 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
772 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
773 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
774 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
775 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
776 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
777 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
778 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
779 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
780 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
781 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
782 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
783 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
785 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
786 ==========================
788 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
793 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
794 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
799 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
800 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
801 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
802 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
803 see immediate breakage.
804 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
805 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
806 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
807 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
808 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
809 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
810 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
811 signs are now accepted][fp3].
817 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
818 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
819 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
820 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
821 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
826 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
827 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
828 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
829 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
830 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
831 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
832 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
833 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
834 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
835 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
836 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
837 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
838 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
839 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
840 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
841 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
842 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
843 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
845 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
846 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
847 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
848 `f64::from_str_radix`.
849 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
851 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
852 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
853 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
855 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
856 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
857 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
859 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
861 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
863 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
864 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
865 breakage in rare situations.
866 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
867 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
869 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
870 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
871 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
872 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
873 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
874 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
875 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
877 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
882 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
883 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
884 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
886 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
887 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
889 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
892 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
893 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
894 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
895 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
896 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
897 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
898 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
899 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
900 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
901 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
902 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
903 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
904 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
905 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
906 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
907 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
908 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
909 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
910 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
911 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
912 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
913 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
914 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
915 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
916 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
917 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
918 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
919 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
920 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
921 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
922 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
923 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
924 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
925 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
926 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
927 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
928 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
929 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
930 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
931 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
932 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
933 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
934 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
935 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
936 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
937 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
938 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
939 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
940 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
941 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
942 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
943 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
944 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
945 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
946 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
947 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
948 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
949 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
950 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
951 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
952 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
953 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
954 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
955 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
956 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
957 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
958 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
959 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
960 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
961 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
962 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
964 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
965 ==============================
967 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
972 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
973 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
974 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
975 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
977 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
978 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
979 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
980 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
986 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
987 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
988 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
989 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
990 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
991 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
992 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
993 believed to break no existing code.
994 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
995 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
996 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
997 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
998 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
999 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
1000 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
1005 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
1006 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
1007 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
1008 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
1009 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
1010 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
1011 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
1013 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
1014 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
1015 implementations correctly.
1016 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
1017 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
1023 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
1024 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
1025 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
1026 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
1027 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
1028 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
1029 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
1030 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
1031 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
1032 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
1033 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
1035 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
1036 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
1037 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
1038 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
1039 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
1040 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
1041 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
1042 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
1043 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
1044 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
1045 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
1046 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
1047 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
1048 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
1050 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
1051 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
1052 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
1053 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
1054 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
1055 available to stable code anyway).
1056 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
1057 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
1058 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
1059 [better for long data][sh].
1060 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
1061 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
1062 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
1064 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
1070 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
1071 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
1072 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
1073 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
1074 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
1075 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
1076 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
1077 dynamic linker][fl].
1078 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
1079 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
1080 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
1081 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
1082 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
1083 code to no longer build.
1084 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
1085 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
1087 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
1088 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
1089 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
1090 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
1092 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
1093 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
1095 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
1096 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
1097 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
1098 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
1099 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
1100 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1101 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1102 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
1103 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
1104 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
1105 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
1106 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
1107 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
1108 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
1109 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
1110 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
1111 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
1112 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
1113 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1114 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
1115 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
1116 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
1117 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
1118 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
1119 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
1120 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
1121 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
1122 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
1123 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
1124 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
1125 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
1126 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
1127 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1128 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
1129 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
1130 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
1131 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
1132 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
1133 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
1134 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
1135 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
1136 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
1137 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
1138 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
1139 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
1140 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
1141 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
1142 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
1143 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
1144 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
1145 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
1146 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
1147 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
1148 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
1149 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
1150 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
1151 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
1152 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
1153 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
1154 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
1155 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
1156 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
1157 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
1158 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
1159 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
1160 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
1161 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
1162 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
1163 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
1164 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
1165 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
1166 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
1167 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
1168 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
1170 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
1171 ==========================
1173 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1178 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
1179 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
1180 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
1181 implementation of DST.
1182 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
1183 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
1184 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
1185 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
1186 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
1188 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
1189 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
1190 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
1191 intrepid Rusticians.
1192 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
1193 bootstrapping over 1.1.
1198 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
1199 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
1200 behavior and considered a bugfix.
1201 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
1202 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
1203 in, and the same value reported by clang's
1204 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
1206 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
1207 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
1208 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
1209 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
1210 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
1211 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
1212 such this breakage has minimal impact.
1217 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
1218 matching against dereferencable values.
1223 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
1224 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
1225 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
1226 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
1227 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
1228 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
1230 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
1231 over substring matches.
1232 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
1233 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
1234 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
1235 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
1236 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
1237 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
1238 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
1239 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
1240 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
1241 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
1242 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
1244 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
1245 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
1246 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
1247 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
1248 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
1249 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
1250 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
1251 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
1252 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
1253 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
1254 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
1255 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
1256 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
1257 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
1258 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
1259 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
1260 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
1262 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
1268 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
1269 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
1270 unsafe pointers][nop].
1271 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
1272 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
1274 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
1275 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
1276 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
1277 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
1278 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
1279 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
1280 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
1281 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
1282 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
1283 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
1284 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
1285 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
1286 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
1287 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
1288 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
1289 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
1290 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1291 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
1292 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
1293 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
1294 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
1295 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
1296 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
1297 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
1298 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
1299 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1300 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
1301 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
1302 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
1303 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
1304 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
1305 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
1306 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
1307 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1308 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1309 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
1310 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
1311 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
1312 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
1313 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
1314 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
1315 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1316 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
1317 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
1318 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
1319 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
1320 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
1321 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
1322 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
1323 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
1324 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
1325 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
1326 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
1328 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
1329 =========================
1331 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
1336 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
1337 functionality exposed:
1338 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
1339 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
1340 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
1341 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
1342 access to all underlying information.
1343 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
1344 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
1345 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
1346 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
1347 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
1353 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
1354 whitespace boundaries.
1355 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
1356 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
1357 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
1358 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
1359 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
1360 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
1361 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
1362 Windows, symlinks can be created with
1363 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
1364 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
1365 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
1366 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
1367 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
1368 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
1369 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
1370 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
1371 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
1372 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
1374 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
1375 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
1376 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
1377 compiler and the standard library.
1378 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
1379 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
1380 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
1381 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
1382 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
1383 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
1384 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
1385 properly exported][inc].
1386 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
1387 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
1388 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
1389 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
1394 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
1395 [multiple improvements][pre].
1396 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
1397 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
1398 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
1399 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
1400 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
1401 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
1402 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
1403 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
1405 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
1406 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
1409 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
1410 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1411 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1412 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
1413 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
1414 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
1415 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
1416 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
1417 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
1418 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
1419 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
1420 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
1421 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
1422 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
1423 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
1424 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
1425 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
1426 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
1427 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
1428 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
1429 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
1430 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
1431 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
1432 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
1433 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
1434 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
1435 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
1436 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
1437 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
1439 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
1440 ========================
1442 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1447 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
1448 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
1450 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
1452 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
1458 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
1459 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
1460 without breaking downstream code.
1461 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
1462 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
1463 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
1464 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
1465 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
1467 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
1468 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
1469 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
1470 to underscore for the crate name.
1471 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
1472 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
1473 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
1474 `MyType::default()`.
1475 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
1476 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
1477 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
1478 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
1479 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
1480 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
1481 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
1482 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
1483 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
1484 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
1485 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
1486 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
1487 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
1488 arguments except in minor ways.
1489 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
1490 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
1496 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
1497 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
1499 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
1500 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
1501 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
1502 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
1503 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
1504 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
1505 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
1506 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
1507 number of 'splits'][spl].
1508 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
1509 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
1510 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
1511 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
1512 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
1514 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
1516 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
1517 `String::from`][sf].
1518 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
1519 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
1520 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
1522 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
1523 was the major library focus for this cycle.
1524 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
1525 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
1526 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
1527 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
1529 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
1530 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
1531 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
1532 many existing ad hoc traits.
1533 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
1534 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
1535 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
1536 hierarchy in the future.
1537 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
1538 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
1539 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
1540 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
1541 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
1542 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
1543 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
1548 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
1549 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
1550 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
1552 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
1554 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
1555 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
1556 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
1559 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
1560 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
1561 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
1562 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
1563 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
1564 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
1565 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1566 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1567 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1568 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1569 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1570 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1571 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1572 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1573 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1574 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1575 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1576 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1577 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1578 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1579 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1580 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1581 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1582 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1583 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1584 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1585 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1586 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1587 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1588 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1589 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1590 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1591 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1592 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1593 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1594 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1595 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1596 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1599 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1600 =====================================
1602 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1606 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1607 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1608 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1610 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1611 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1612 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1613 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1617 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1618 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1619 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1620 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1621 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1622 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1623 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1624 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1625 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1626 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1627 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1628 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1629 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1630 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1631 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1632 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1633 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1634 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1635 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1636 from references to vectors into references to
1637 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1638 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1639 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1640 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1644 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1645 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1646 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1647 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1648 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1649 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1650 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1651 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1652 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1653 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1654 creating raw pointers.
1658 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1659 are now [split neatly across multiple
1660 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1661 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1662 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1663 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1664 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1665 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1670 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1671 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1673 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1674 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1675 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1676 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1677 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1678 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1679 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1680 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1681 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1682 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1683 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1684 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1685 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1686 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1687 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1688 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1689 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1690 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1691 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1692 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1693 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1694 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1695 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1698 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1699 ==================================
1701 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1705 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1706 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1707 before the final release.
1708 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1709 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1711 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1712 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1713 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1714 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1715 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1716 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1717 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1718 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1719 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1720 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1721 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1722 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1723 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1724 Rust package manager.
1728 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1729 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1730 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1731 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1732 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1733 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1734 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1736 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1737 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1738 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1740 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1742 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1743 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1744 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1745 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1746 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1748 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1749 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1750 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1752 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1753 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1755 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1756 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1757 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1758 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1759 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1760 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1761 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1762 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1763 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1764 library types unknown to the compiler).
1765 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1766 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1767 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1768 compared with `&str`.
1769 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1770 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1771 characters][unicode].
1772 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1773 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1774 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1775 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1776 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1778 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1779 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1780 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1781 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1782 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1783 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1784 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1785 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1786 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1787 unboxed closures to work.
1788 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1789 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1790 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1791 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1792 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1793 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1795 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1796 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1797 conventions][derive].
1798 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1799 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1800 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1801 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1802 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1803 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1804 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1808 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1809 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1810 improvements throughout the standard library.
1811 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1812 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1813 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1814 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1815 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1816 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1817 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1818 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1819 syscall when available.
1820 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1821 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1822 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1823 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1824 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1825 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1826 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1827 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1828 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1829 represented as strings.
1833 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1834 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1836 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1837 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1838 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1839 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1844 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1845 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1846 space than the inner types themselves.
1847 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1849 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1850 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1851 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1852 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1853 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1854 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1855 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1856 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1857 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1858 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1859 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1860 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1861 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1862 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1863 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1864 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1865 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1866 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1867 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1868 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1869 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1870 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1871 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1872 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1873 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1874 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1875 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1876 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1877 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1878 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1879 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1880 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1881 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1882 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1885 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1886 =============================
1888 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1892 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1893 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1895 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1896 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1897 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1898 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1899 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1900 stabilization progress.
1901 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1902 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1903 be installed with Cargo.
1904 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1905 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1906 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1909 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1911 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1912 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1913 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1914 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1915 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1916 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1917 impossible with the existing syntax.
1918 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1919 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1920 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1921 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1922 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1923 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1924 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1925 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1926 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1928 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1929 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1930 gate and may be removed in the future.
1931 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1932 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1934 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1935 is handled by the package manager.
1936 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1937 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1938 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1940 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1942 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1943 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1944 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1945 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1946 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1947 that capture by value.
1948 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1949 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1950 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1951 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1953 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1954 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1956 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1957 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1958 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1959 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1960 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1961 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1962 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1963 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1965 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1966 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1967 revisited in the future.
1970 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1971 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1972 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1973 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1975 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1977 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1978 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1979 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1980 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1981 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1982 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1983 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1984 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1985 idiomatic and efficient design.
1988 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1989 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1990 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1991 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1992 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1993 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1994 package manager for versioning.
1995 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1996 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1997 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1998 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1999 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
2003 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
2004 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
2005 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
2008 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
2009 ==========================
2011 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
2014 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
2016 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
2018 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
2020 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
2021 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
2022 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
2023 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
2024 instead of any integral type.
2025 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
2026 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
2027 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
2028 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
2029 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
2030 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
2031 is still provided by a library implementation.
2032 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
2033 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
2034 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
2035 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
2036 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
2037 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
2038 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
2039 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
2040 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
2041 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
2042 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
2043 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
2044 if, while, match, and for..in.
2045 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
2047 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
2048 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
2049 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
2051 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
2052 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
2055 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
2056 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
2057 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
2059 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
2060 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
2061 kernel development for example.
2062 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
2063 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
2064 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
2065 better error messages.
2066 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
2067 around the Result type.
2068 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
2070 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
2071 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
2072 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
2073 their forward-iteration counterparts.
2074 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
2075 management of bit flags.
2076 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
2077 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
2078 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
2079 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
2080 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
2081 to being based on methods.
2082 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
2083 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
2084 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
2085 and sized deallocation
2086 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
2087 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
2089 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
2090 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
2091 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
2093 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
2094 an external libdebug crate.
2095 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
2096 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
2097 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
2098 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
2100 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
2101 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
2104 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
2105 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
2106 discovery of breaking changes.
2107 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
2108 lifetime-related error occurs.
2109 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
2110 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
2111 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
2112 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
2113 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
2114 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
2115 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
2116 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
2117 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
2118 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
2119 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
2120 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
2121 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
2122 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
2123 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
2124 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
2125 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
2126 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
2127 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
2129 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
2130 sharing rust code examples on-line.
2131 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
2132 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
2133 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
2134 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
2135 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
2136 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
2137 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
2141 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
2142 =========================
2144 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2147 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
2148 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
2149 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
2151 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
2153 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
2154 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
2155 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
2156 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
2157 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
2158 reference counting have been removed.
2159 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
2160 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
2161 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
2162 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
2163 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
2164 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
2166 * Unnecessary parentheses
2169 * Uppercase variables
2170 * Publicly visible private types
2171 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
2172 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
2173 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
2174 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
2175 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
2176 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
2177 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
2178 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
2179 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
2180 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
2181 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
2182 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
2183 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
2185 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
2186 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
2187 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
2188 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
2190 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
2191 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
2192 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
2193 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
2195 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
2196 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
2197 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
2200 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
2201 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
2202 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
2203 documentation index page.
2204 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
2205 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
2206 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
2207 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
2208 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
2209 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
2210 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
2211 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
2212 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
2213 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
2214 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
2215 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
2216 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
2217 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
2218 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
2219 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
2220 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
2221 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
2222 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
2223 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
2224 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
2225 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
2226 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
2227 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
2228 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
2229 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
2230 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
2231 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
2232 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
2233 still implement the function.
2234 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
2235 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
2236 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
2237 print them in exponential notation.
2238 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
2239 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
2240 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
2241 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
2242 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
2243 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
2244 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
2245 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
2246 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
2247 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
2248 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
2249 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
2250 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
2251 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
2252 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
2253 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
2254 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
2255 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
2257 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
2258 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
2260 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
2261 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
2262 and various trimming of code.
2263 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
2264 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
2265 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
2266 dropping redundant functionality.
2267 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
2268 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
2269 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
2270 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
2272 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
2273 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
2274 hexadecimal literal.
2277 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
2278 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
2279 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
2280 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
2282 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
2284 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
2285 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
2286 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
2287 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
2288 android much more reliable.
2289 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
2290 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
2291 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
2292 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
2293 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
2294 function to fix the error.
2295 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
2297 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
2298 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
2299 * render standalone markdown files.
2300 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
2301 * exported macros are displayed.
2302 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
2304 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
2308 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
2309 ==========================
2311 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
2314 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
2315 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
2316 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
2317 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
2318 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
2319 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
2320 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
2321 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
2323 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
2324 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
2325 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
2326 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
2328 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
2329 * `@fn`s have been removed.
2330 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
2332 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
2333 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
2334 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
2335 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
2336 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
2337 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
2338 terminated with a semicolon.
2339 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
2340 no longer has any special meaning.
2341 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
2342 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
2343 `print!` and `println!`.
2344 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
2345 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
2346 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
2347 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
2348 * Macros can have attributes.
2349 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
2350 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
2351 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
2352 * Comments may be nested.
2353 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
2355 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
2356 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
2357 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
2358 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
2359 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
2360 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
2361 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
2362 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
2363 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
2364 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
2365 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
2366 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
2367 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
2368 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
2369 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
2370 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
2371 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
2373 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
2374 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
2375 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2377 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2379 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
2380 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
2381 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
2382 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
2383 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
2384 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
2385 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
2386 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
2387 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
2388 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
2389 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
2390 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
2391 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
2394 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
2395 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
2396 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
2397 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
2398 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
2400 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
2401 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
2402 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
2403 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
2404 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
2405 just a wrapper around it).
2406 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
2407 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
2408 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
2409 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
2410 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
2411 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
2412 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
2413 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
2414 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
2415 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
2416 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
2417 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
2418 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
2419 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
2420 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
2421 if the index is out of bounds.
2422 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
2423 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
2424 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
2425 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
2427 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
2429 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
2430 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
2431 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
2432 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
2434 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
2435 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
2436 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
2437 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
2438 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
2439 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
2440 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
2441 embedded environments.
2442 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
2443 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
2445 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
2446 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
2447 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
2449 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
2451 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
2452 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
2453 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
2454 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
2455 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
2456 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
2460 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
2462 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
2463 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
2464 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
2465 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
2466 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
2467 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
2468 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
2469 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
2470 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
2474 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
2475 ============================
2477 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
2480 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
2481 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
2482 * Default methods are ready for use.
2483 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
2484 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
2485 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
2486 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
2488 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
2489 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
2491 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
2492 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
2493 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
2494 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
2495 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
2496 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
2497 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
2498 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
2499 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
2500 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
2501 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
2502 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
2503 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
2504 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
2505 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
2506 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
2507 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
2508 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
2509 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
2510 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
2511 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
2512 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
2513 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
2514 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
2515 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
2516 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
2517 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
2518 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
2519 prefixes (default: allow).
2520 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
2521 `std::unstable::simd`.
2522 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
2523 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
2524 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
2525 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2526 extension) to stdout.
2527 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2528 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
2529 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
2530 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
2531 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
2533 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
2534 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
2535 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
2539 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
2540 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
2542 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
2543 `uint::range` and friends.
2544 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
2545 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
2546 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
2547 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
2548 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
2549 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
2550 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
2551 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
2553 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
2554 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
2556 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
2558 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
2559 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
2561 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
2562 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
2563 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
2564 no longer function pointers.
2565 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2566 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2567 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2569 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2570 is required in implementations.
2571 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2572 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2573 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2574 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2575 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2576 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2578 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2579 sense in the new scheduler design.
2580 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2582 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2583 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2584 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2585 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2586 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2587 default implementations.
2588 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2589 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2590 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2591 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2592 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2593 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2594 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2595 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2596 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2597 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2598 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2599 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2600 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2601 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2602 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2603 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2604 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2605 * extra: `par` module removed.
2606 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2607 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2610 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2611 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2612 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2613 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2614 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2615 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2616 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2618 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2619 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2620 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2621 * All tools have man pages.
2622 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2623 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2624 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2625 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2626 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2627 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2630 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2631 =======================
2633 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2636 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2638 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2639 many bugs and inconveniences.
2640 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2641 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2642 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2643 removed due to bugs.
2644 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2645 so they compose better.
2646 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2647 * Trait default methods work more often.
2648 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2649 no padding between fields.
2650 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2652 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2653 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2654 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2655 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2656 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2657 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2658 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2660 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2662 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2663 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2664 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2665 are never implicitly copyable.
2666 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2667 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2668 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2671 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2673 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2674 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2676 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2677 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2680 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2681 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2682 * More and improved documentation.
2683 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2684 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2685 implementations of `Iterator`.
2686 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2687 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2688 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2689 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2690 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2691 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2692 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2693 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2694 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2695 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2696 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2697 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2698 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2699 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2700 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2701 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2702 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2703 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2704 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2705 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2706 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2707 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2708 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2709 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2710 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2711 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2712 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2713 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2714 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2715 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2716 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2717 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2718 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2719 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2720 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2721 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2722 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2723 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2726 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2727 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2729 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2731 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2732 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2733 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2734 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2735 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2736 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2737 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2738 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2739 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2740 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2741 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2742 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2743 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2744 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2747 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2748 ========================
2750 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2753 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2754 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2755 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2756 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2757 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2758 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2759 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2760 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2761 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2762 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2763 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2764 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2765 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2766 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2767 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2768 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2769 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2770 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2771 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2772 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2773 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2774 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2775 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2776 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2777 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2778 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2779 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2780 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2781 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2782 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2783 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2784 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2785 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2786 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2787 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2788 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2789 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2790 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2791 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2792 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2795 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2796 eliminating the `move` keyword
2797 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2798 * &mut is now unaliasable
2799 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2801 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2802 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2803 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2804 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2805 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2806 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2807 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2808 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2809 * Structural records have been removed
2810 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2811 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2812 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2813 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2814 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2815 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2816 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2819 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2820 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2821 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2822 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2823 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2824 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2825 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2826 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2827 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2828 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2829 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2830 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2831 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2832 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2833 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2834 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2835 by certain container types
2838 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2839 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2840 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2841 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2842 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2843 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2844 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2845 * Various memory usage improvements
2846 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2847 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2850 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2851 ===========================
2853 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2856 * Removed `<-` move operator
2857 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2858 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2859 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2860 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2861 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2862 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2863 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2864 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2865 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2868 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2869 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2870 * Enum variants may be structs
2871 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2872 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2873 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2874 without writing `move` explicitly
2875 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2876 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2877 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2878 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2879 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2882 * Improved support for language features
2883 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2884 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2885 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2886 * Static methods work in more situations
2887 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2891 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2892 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2893 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2894 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2895 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2896 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2897 * Moved futures to `std`
2898 * More functions are pure now
2899 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2900 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2903 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2904 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2907 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2908 ==========================
2910 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2913 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2914 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2915 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2916 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2917 * Explicit method self types
2918 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2919 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2920 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2921 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2922 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2923 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2924 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2927 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2928 * Trait methods may be static
2929 * Argument modes are deprecated
2930 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2931 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2932 * Typestate was removed
2933 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2934 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2937 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2939 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2940 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2941 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2944 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2945 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2946 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2948 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2949 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2950 * More robust linked task failure
2951 * Improved task builder API
2954 * Improved error reporting
2955 * Preliminary JIT support
2956 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2957 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2958 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2959 Rust-based (visitor) code
2960 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2963 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2964 ========================
2966 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2968 * New coding conveniences
2969 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2970 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2971 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2972 * Documentation comments
2973 * More compact closure syntax
2974 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2976 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2979 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2980 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2982 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2983 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2984 * Extensive work on region pointers
2986 * Experimental new language features
2987 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2988 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2989 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2990 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2991 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2992 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2996 * Removal of various obsolete features
2997 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2998 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
3000 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
3001 resources (replaced by destructors)
3003 * Compiler reorganization
3004 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
3005 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
3006 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
3009 * New time functions
3010 * Extension methods for many built-in types
3011 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
3012 * Par: parallel map and search routines
3013 * Extensive work on libuv interface
3014 * Much vector code moved to libraries
3015 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
3016 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
3019 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
3022 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
3023 =========================
3025 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
3027 * New docs and doc tooling
3029 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
3031 * Compilation model enhancements
3032 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
3033 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
3035 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
3036 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
3037 * Explicit schedulers
3041 * Experimental new language features
3042 * Operator overloading
3046 * Various language extensions
3047 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
3048 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
3049 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
3050 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
3051 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
3052 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
3053 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
3056 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
3057 * Revived libuv interface
3058 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
3059 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
3060 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
3063 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
3064 ===============================
3066 * Most language features work, including:
3067 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
3068 * Interface-constrained generics
3069 * Static interface dispatch
3071 * Multithread task scheduling
3072 * Typestate predicates
3073 * Failure unwinding, destructors
3074 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
3075 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
3076 * Preliminary macro-by-example
3078 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
3079 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
3080 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
3081 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
3083 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
3085 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
3089 * Documentation is incomplete.
3091 * Performance is below intended target.
3093 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
3095 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will