1 Version 1.7.0 (2016-03-03)
2 ==========================
7 * Soundness fixes to the interactions between associated types and
8 lifetimes, specified in [RFC 1214], [now generate errors][1.7sf] for
9 code that violates the new rules. This is a significant change that
10 is known to break existing code, so it has emitted warnings for the
11 new error cases since 1.4 to give crate authors time to adapt. The
12 details of what is changing are subtle; read the RFC for more.
18 [`Path::strip_prefix`][] (renamed from relative_from),
19 [`path::StripPrefixError`][] (new error type returned from strip_prefix),
20 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`],
21 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`],
22 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`],
23 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`],
24 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`],
25 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`],
26 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`],
27 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`],
28 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`],
30 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`],
32 [`String::as_mut_str`],
33 `<[T]>::`[`clone_from_slice`], which now requires the two slices to
35 `<[T]>::`[`sort_by_key`],
40 [`i32::saturating_mul`],
41 [`i32::overflowing_add`],
42 [`i32::overflowing_sub`],
43 [`i32::overflowing_mul`],
44 [`i32::overflowing_div`],
45 [`i32::overflowing_rem`],
46 [`i32::overflowing_neg`],
47 [`i32::overflowing_shl`],
48 [`i32::overflowing_shr`],
53 [`u32::saturating_mul`],
54 [`u32::overflowing_add`],
55 [`u32::overflowing_sub`],
56 [`u32::overflowing_mul`],
57 [`u32::overflowing_div`],
58 [`u32::overflowing_rem`],
59 [`u32::overflowing_neg`],
60 [`u32::overflowing_shl`],
61 [`u32::overflowing_shr`],
62 checked, saturated, and overflowing operations for other primitive types,
63 [`ffi::IntoStringError`],
64 [`CString::into_string`],
65 [`CString::into_bytes`],
66 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`],
67 `From<CString> for Vec<u8>`,
68 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`],
69 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`],
70 `Error for IntoStringError`.
71 * [Validating UTF-8 is faster by a factor of between 7 and 14x for
72 ASCII input][1.7utf8]. This means that creating `String`s and `str`s
74 * [The performance of `LineWriter` (and thus `io::stdout`) was
75 improved by using `memchr` to search for newlines][1.7m].
76 * [`f32::to_degrees` and `f32::to_radians` are stable][1.7f]. The
77 `f64` variants were stabilized previously.
78 * [`BTreeMap` was rewritten to use less memory improve performance of
79 insertion and iteration, the latter by as much as 5x`][1.7bm].
80 * [`BTreeSet` and its iterators, `Iter`, `IntoIter`, and `Range` are
81 covariant over their contained type][1.7bt].
82 * [`LinkedList` and its iterators, `Iter` and `IntoIter` are covariant
83 over their contained type][1.7ll].
84 * [`str::replace` now accepts a `Pattern`][1.7rp], like other string
86 * [`Any` is implemented for unsized types][1.7a].
87 * [`Hash` is implemented for `Duration`][1.7h].
92 * [When running tests with `--test`, rustdoc will pass `--cfg`
93 arguments to the compiler][1.7dt].
94 * [The compiler is built with RPATH information by default][1.7rpa].
95 This means that it will be possible to run `rustc` when installed in
96 unusual configurations without configuring the dynamic linker search
98 * [`rustc` passes `--enable-new-dtags` to GNU ld][1.7dta]. This makes
99 any RPATH entries (emitted with `-C rpath`) *not* take precedence
100 over `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
105 * [`cargo rustc` accepts a `--profile` flag that runs `rustc` under
106 any of the compilation profiles, 'dev', 'bench', or 'test'][1.7cp].
107 * [The `rerun-if-changed` build script directive no longer causes the
108 build script to incorrectly run twice in certain scenarios][1.7rr].
113 * [Several bugs in the compiler's visibility calculations were
114 fixed][1.7v]. Since this was found to break significant amounts of
115 code, the new errors will be emitted as warnings for several release
116 cycles, under the `private_in_public` lint.
117 * Defaulted type parameters were accidentally accepted in positions
118 that were not intended. In this release, [defaulted type parameters
119 appearing outside of type definitions will generate a
120 warning][1.7d], which will become an error in future releases.
121 * [Parsing "." as a float results in an error instead of
122 0][1.7p]. That is, `".".parse::<f32>()` returns `Err`, not `Ok(0)`.
123 * [Borrows of closure parameters may not outlive the closure][1.7bc].
125 [1.7a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30928
126 [1.7bc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30341
127 [1.7bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30426
128 [1.7bt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
129 [1.7cp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2224
130 [1.7d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30724
131 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30372
132 [1.7dta]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30394
133 [1.7f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30672
134 [1.7h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30818
135 [1.7ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30663
136 [1.7m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30381
137 [1.7p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30681
138 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29498
139 [1.7rpa]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30353
140 [1.7rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2279
141 [1.7sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30389
142 [1.7utf8]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30740
143 [1.7v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29973
144 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
145 [`clone_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.clone_from_slice
146 [`sort_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by_key
147 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes_with_nul
148 [`CString::into_bytes`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes
149 [`CString::into_string`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_string
150 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.into_cstring
151 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.utf8_error
152 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_broadcast
153 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_documentation
154 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_link_local
155 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_loopback
156 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_multicast
157 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_private
158 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_loopback
159 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_multicast
160 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_unspecified
161 [`Path::strip_prefix`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.strip_prefix
162 [`String::as_mut_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_mut_str
163 [`String::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_str
164 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_mut_slice
165 [`Vec::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_slice
166 [`ffi::IntoStringError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html
167 [`i32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_neg
168 [`i32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_rem
169 [`i32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shl
170 [`i32::checked_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shr
171 [`i32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_add
172 [`i32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_div
173 [`i32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_mul
174 [`i32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_neg
175 [`i32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_rem
176 [`i32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shl
177 [`i32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shr
178 [`i32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_sub
179 [`i32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.saturating_mul
180 [`path::StripPrefixError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.StripPrefixError.html
181 [`u32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_rem
182 [`u32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_shl
183 [`u32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_add
184 [`u32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_div
185 [`u32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_mul
186 [`u32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_neg
187 [`u32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_rem
188 [`u32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shl
189 [`u32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shr
190 [`u32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_sub
191 [`u32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.saturating_mul
194 Version 1.6.0 (2016-01-21)
195 ==========================
200 * The `#![no_std]` attribute causes a crate to not be linked to the
201 standard library, but only the [core library][1.6co], as described
202 in [RFC 1184]. The core library defines common types and traits but
203 has no platform dependencies whatsoever, and is the basis for Rust
204 software in environments that cannot support a full port of the
205 standard library, such as operating systems. Most of the core
206 library is now stable.
212 [`Read::read_exact`],
213 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`][] (renamed from `UnexpectedEOF`),
214 [`fs::DirBuilder`], [`fs::DirBuilder::new`],
215 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`], [`fs::DirBuilder::create`],
216 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`],
217 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`], [`vec::Drain`],
218 [`vec::Vec::drain`], [`string::Drain`], [`string::String::drain`],
219 [`vec_deque::Drain`], [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`],
220 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`],
221 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`],
222 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`],
223 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`],
224 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`],
225 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`],
226 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`][] (renamed from `push_all`),
227 [`Mutex::get_mut`], [`Mutex::into_inner`], [`RwLock::get_mut`],
228 [`RwLock::into_inner`],
229 [`Iterator::min_by_key`][] (renamed from `min_by`),
230 [`Iterator::max_by_key`][] (renamed from `max_by`).
231 * The [core library][1.6co] is stable, as are most of its APIs.
232 * [The `assert_eq!` macro supports arguments that don't implement
233 `Sized`][1.6ae], such as arrays. In this way it behaves more like
235 * Several timer functions that take duration in milliseconds [are
236 deprecated in favor of those that take `Duration`][1.6ms]. These
237 include `Condvar::wait_timeout_ms`, `thread::sleep_ms`, and
238 `thread::park_timeout_ms`.
239 * The algorithm by which `Vec` reserves additional elements was
240 [tweaked to not allocate excessive space][1.6a] while still growing
242 * `From` conversions are [implemented from integers to floats][1.6f]
243 in cases where the conversion is lossless. Thus they are not
244 implemented for 32-bit ints to `f32`, nor for 64-bit ints to `f32`
245 or `f64`. They are also not implemented for `isize` and `usize`
246 because the implementations would be platform-specific. `From` is
247 also implemented from `f32` to `f64`.
248 * `From<&Path>` and `From<PathBuf>` are implemented for `Cow<Path>`.
249 * `From<T>` is implemented for `Box<T>`, `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`.
250 * `IntoIterator` is implemented for `&PathBuf` and `&Path`.
251 * [`BinaryHeap` was refactored][1.6bh] for modest performance
253 * Sorting slices that are already sorted [is 50% faster in some
259 * Cargo will look in `$CARGO_HOME/bin` for subcommands [by default][1.6c].
260 * Cargo build scripts can specify their dependencies by emitting the
261 [`rerun-if-changed`][1.6rr] key.
262 * crates.io will reject publication of crates with dependencies that
263 have a wildcard version constraint. Crates with wildcard
264 dependencies were seen to cause a variety of problems, as described
265 in [RFC 1241]. Since 1.5 publication of such crates has emitted a
267 * `cargo clean` [accepts a `--release` flag][1.6cc] to clean the
268 release folder. A variety of artifacts that Cargo failed to clean
269 are now correctly deleted.
274 * The `unreachable_code` lint [warns when a function call's argument
276 * The parser indicates [failures that may be caused by
277 confusingly-similar Unicode characters][1.6uc]
278 * Certain macro errors [are reported at definition time][1.6m], not
284 * The compiler no longer makes use of the [`RUST_PATH`][1.6rp]
285 environment variable when locating crates. This was a pre-cargo
286 feature for integrating with the package manager that was
287 accidentally never removed.
288 * [A number of bugs were fixed in the privacy checker][1.6p] that
289 could cause previously-accepted code to break.
290 * [Modules and unit/tuple structs may not share the same name][1.6ts].
291 * [Bugs in pattern matching unit structs were fixed][1.6us]. The tuple
292 struct pattern syntax (`Foo(..)`) can no longer be used to match
293 unit structs. This is a warning now, but will become an error in
294 future releases. Patterns that share the same name as a const are
296 * A bug was fixed that causes [rustc not to apply default type
297 parameters][1.6xc] when resolving certain method implementations of
298 traits defined in other crates.
300 [1.6a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29454
301 [1.6ae]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29770
302 [1.6bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29811
303 [1.6c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2192
304 [1.6cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2131
305 [1.6co]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/core/index.html
306 [1.6dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30000
307 [1.6f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
308 [1.6m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29828
309 [1.6ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29604
310 [1.6p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29726
311 [1.6rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30034
312 [1.6rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2134
313 [1.6s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29675
314 [1.6ts]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21546
315 [1.6uc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29837
316 [1.6us]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29383
317 [1.6xc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30123
318 [RFC 1184]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1184-stabilize-no_std.md
319 [RFC 1241]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
320 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.UnexpectedEof
321 [`Iterator::max_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.max_by_key
322 [`Iterator::min_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.min_by_key
323 [`Mutex::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.get_mut
324 [`Mutex::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.into_inner
325 [`Read::read_exact`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_exact
326 [`RwLock::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.get_mut
327 [`RwLock::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.into_inner
328 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.extend_from_slice
329 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.drain
330 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.Drain.html
331 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.Drain.html
332 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#method.drain
333 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.Drain.html
334 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.HashSet.html#method.drain
335 [`fs::DirBuilder::create`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.create
336 [`fs::DirBuilder::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.new
337 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.recursive
338 [`fs::DirBuilder`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html
339 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html#tymethod.mode
340 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html
341 [`string::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.Drain.html
342 [`string::String::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.drain
343 [`vec::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Drain.html
344 [`vec::Vec::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.drain
345 [`vec_deque::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.Drain.html
346 [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.VecDeque.html#method.drain
349 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
350 ==========================
352 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
358 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
359 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
360 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
361 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
362 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
363 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
364 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
365 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
366 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
367 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
368 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
369 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
370 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
371 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
372 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
373 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
374 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
375 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
376 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
377 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
378 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
379 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
380 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
381 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
382 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
383 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
384 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
385 invoked as `cargo foo`.
386 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
387 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
388 crates with wildcard dependencies.
393 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
394 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
395 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
396 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
397 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
398 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
399 contains methods of the same name.
400 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
401 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
402 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
403 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
404 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
405 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
406 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
407 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
408 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
409 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
410 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
411 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
412 in valid locations][1.5at].
413 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
414 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
415 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
416 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
417 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
418 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
419 generate errors][1.5nu].
420 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
421 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
422 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
428 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
429 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
430 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
431 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
432 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
433 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
434 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
435 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
440 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
442 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
443 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
444 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
445 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
446 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
447 the conversions are lossless.
448 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
449 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
451 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
452 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
453 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
454 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
455 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
456 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
457 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
458 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
459 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
460 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
461 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
462 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
467 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
468 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
469 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
470 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
471 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
472 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
473 reported once][1.5te].
474 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
475 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
477 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
478 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
479 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
480 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
481 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
482 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
483 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
484 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
485 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
486 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
487 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
488 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
489 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
490 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
491 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
492 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
493 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
494 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
495 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
496 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
497 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
498 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
499 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
500 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
501 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
502 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
503 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
504 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
505 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
506 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
507 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
508 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
509 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
510 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
511 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
512 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
513 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
514 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
515 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
516 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
517 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
518 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
519 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
520 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
521 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
522 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
523 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
524 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
525 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
526 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
527 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
528 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
529 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
530 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
531 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
532 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
533 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
534 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
535 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
536 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
537 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
538 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
539 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
540 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
541 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
542 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
543 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
544 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
545 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
546 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
547 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
548 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
549 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
550 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
551 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
552 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
553 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
554 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
555 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
556 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
557 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
558 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
559 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
560 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
561 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
562 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
563 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
564 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
565 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
567 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
568 ==========================
570 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
575 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
576 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
581 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
582 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
583 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
584 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
585 see immediate breakage.
586 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
587 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
588 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
589 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
590 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
591 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
592 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
593 signs are now accepted][fp3].
599 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
600 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
601 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
602 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
603 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
608 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
609 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
610 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
611 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
612 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
613 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
614 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
615 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
616 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
617 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
618 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
619 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
620 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
621 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
622 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
623 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
624 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
625 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
627 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
628 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
629 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
630 `f64::from_str_radix`.
631 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
633 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
634 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
635 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
637 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
638 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
639 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
641 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
643 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
645 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
646 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
647 breakage in rare situations.
648 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
649 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
651 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
652 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
653 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
654 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
655 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
656 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
657 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
659 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
664 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
665 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
666 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
668 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
669 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
671 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
674 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
675 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
676 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
677 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
678 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
679 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
680 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
681 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
682 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
683 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
684 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
685 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
686 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
687 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
688 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
689 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
690 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
691 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
692 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
693 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
694 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
695 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
696 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
697 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
698 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
699 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
700 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
701 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
702 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
703 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
704 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
705 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
706 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
707 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
708 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
709 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
710 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
711 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
712 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
713 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
714 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
715 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
716 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
717 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
718 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
719 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
720 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
721 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
722 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
723 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
724 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
725 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
726 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
727 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
728 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
729 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
730 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
731 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
732 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
733 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
734 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
735 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
736 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
737 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
738 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
739 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
740 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
741 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
742 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
743 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
744 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
746 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
747 ==============================
749 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
754 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
755 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
756 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
757 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
759 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
760 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
761 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
762 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
768 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
769 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
770 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
771 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
772 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
773 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
774 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
775 believed to break no existing code.
776 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
777 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
778 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
779 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
780 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
781 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
782 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
787 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
788 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
789 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
790 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
791 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
792 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
793 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
795 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
796 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
797 implementations correctly.
798 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
799 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
805 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
806 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
807 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
808 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
809 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
810 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
811 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
812 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
813 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
814 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
815 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
817 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
818 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
819 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
820 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
821 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
822 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
823 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
824 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
825 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
826 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
827 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
828 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
829 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
830 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
832 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
833 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
834 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
835 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
836 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
837 available to stable code anyway).
838 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
839 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
840 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
841 [better for long data][sh].
842 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
843 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
844 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
846 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
852 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
853 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
854 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
855 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
856 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
857 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
858 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
860 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
861 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
862 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
863 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
864 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
865 code to no longer build.
866 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
867 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
869 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
870 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
871 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
872 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
874 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
875 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
877 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
878 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
879 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
880 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
881 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
882 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
883 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
884 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
885 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
886 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
887 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
888 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
889 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
890 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
891 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
892 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
893 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
894 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
895 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
896 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
897 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
898 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
899 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
900 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
901 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
902 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
903 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
904 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
905 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
906 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
907 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
908 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
909 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
910 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
911 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
912 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
913 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
914 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
915 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
916 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
917 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
918 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
919 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
920 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
921 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
922 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
923 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
924 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
925 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
926 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
927 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
928 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
929 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
930 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
931 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
932 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
933 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
934 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
935 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
936 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
937 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
938 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
939 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
940 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
941 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
942 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
943 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
944 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
945 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
946 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
947 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
948 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
949 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
950 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
952 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
953 ==========================
955 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
960 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
961 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
962 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
963 implementation of DST.
964 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
965 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
966 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
967 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
968 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
970 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
971 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
972 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
974 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
975 bootstrapping over 1.1.
980 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
981 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
982 behavior and considered a bugfix.
983 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
984 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
985 in, and the same value reported by clang's
986 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
988 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
989 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
990 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
991 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
992 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
993 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
994 such this breakage has minimal impact.
999 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
1000 matching against dereferencable values.
1005 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
1006 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
1007 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
1008 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
1009 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
1010 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
1012 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
1013 over substring matches.
1014 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
1015 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
1016 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
1017 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
1018 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
1019 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
1020 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
1021 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
1022 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
1023 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
1024 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
1026 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
1027 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
1028 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
1029 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
1030 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
1031 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
1032 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
1033 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
1034 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
1035 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
1036 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
1037 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
1038 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
1039 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
1040 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
1041 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
1042 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
1044 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
1050 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
1051 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
1052 unsafe pointers][nop].
1053 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
1054 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
1056 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
1057 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
1058 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
1059 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
1060 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
1061 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
1062 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
1063 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
1064 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
1065 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
1066 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
1067 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
1068 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
1069 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
1070 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
1071 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
1072 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1073 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
1074 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
1075 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
1076 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
1077 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
1078 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
1079 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
1080 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
1081 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1082 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
1083 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
1084 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
1085 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
1086 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
1087 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
1088 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
1089 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1090 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1091 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
1092 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
1093 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
1094 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
1095 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
1096 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
1097 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1098 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
1099 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
1100 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
1101 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
1102 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
1103 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
1104 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
1105 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
1106 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
1107 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
1108 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
1110 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
1111 =========================
1113 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
1118 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
1119 functionality exposed:
1120 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
1121 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
1122 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
1123 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
1124 access to all underlying information.
1125 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
1126 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
1127 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
1128 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
1129 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
1135 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
1136 whitespace boundaries.
1137 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
1138 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
1139 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
1140 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
1141 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
1142 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
1143 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
1144 Windows, symlinks can be created with
1145 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
1146 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
1147 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
1148 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
1149 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
1150 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
1151 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
1152 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
1153 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
1154 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
1156 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
1157 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
1158 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
1159 compiler and the standard library.
1160 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
1161 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
1162 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
1163 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
1164 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
1165 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
1166 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
1167 properly exported][inc].
1168 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
1169 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
1170 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
1171 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
1176 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
1177 [multiple improvements][pre].
1178 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
1179 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
1180 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
1181 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
1182 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
1183 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
1184 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
1185 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
1187 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
1188 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
1191 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
1192 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1193 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1194 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
1195 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
1196 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
1197 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
1198 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
1199 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
1200 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
1201 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
1202 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
1203 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
1204 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
1205 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
1206 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
1207 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
1208 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
1209 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
1210 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
1211 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
1212 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
1213 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
1214 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
1215 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
1216 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
1217 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
1218 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
1219 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
1221 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
1222 ========================
1224 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1229 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
1230 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
1232 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
1234 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
1240 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
1241 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
1242 without breaking downstream code.
1243 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
1244 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
1245 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
1246 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
1247 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
1249 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
1250 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
1251 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
1252 to underscore for the crate name.
1253 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
1254 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
1255 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
1256 `MyType::default()`.
1257 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
1258 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
1259 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
1260 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
1261 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
1262 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
1263 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
1264 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
1265 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
1266 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
1267 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
1268 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
1269 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
1270 arguments except in minor ways.
1271 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
1272 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
1278 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
1279 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
1281 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
1282 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
1283 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
1284 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
1285 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
1286 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
1287 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
1288 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
1289 number of 'splits'][spl].
1290 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
1291 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
1292 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
1293 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
1294 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
1296 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
1298 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
1299 `String::from`][sf].
1300 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
1301 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
1302 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
1304 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
1305 was the major library focus for this cycle.
1306 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
1307 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
1308 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
1309 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
1311 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
1312 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
1313 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
1314 many existing ad hoc traits.
1315 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
1316 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
1317 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
1318 hierarchy in the future.
1319 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
1320 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
1321 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
1322 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
1323 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
1324 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
1325 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
1330 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
1331 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
1332 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
1334 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
1336 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
1337 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
1338 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
1341 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
1342 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
1343 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
1344 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
1345 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
1346 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
1347 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1348 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1349 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1350 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1351 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1352 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1353 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1354 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1355 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1356 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1357 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1358 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1359 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1360 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1361 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1362 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1363 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1364 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1365 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1366 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1367 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1368 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1369 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1370 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1371 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1372 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1373 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1374 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1375 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1376 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1377 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1378 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1381 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1382 =====================================
1384 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1388 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1389 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1390 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1392 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1393 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1394 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1395 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1399 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1400 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1401 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1402 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1403 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1404 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1405 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1406 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1407 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1408 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1409 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1410 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1411 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1412 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1413 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1414 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1415 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1416 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1417 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1418 from references to vectors into references to
1419 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1420 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1421 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1422 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1426 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1427 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1428 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1429 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1430 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1431 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1432 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1433 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1434 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1435 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1436 creating raw pointers.
1440 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1441 are now [split neatly across multiple
1442 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1443 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1444 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1445 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1446 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1447 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1452 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1453 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1455 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1456 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1457 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1458 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1459 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1460 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1461 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1462 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1463 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1464 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1465 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1466 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1467 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1468 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1469 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1470 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1471 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1472 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1473 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1474 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1475 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1476 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1477 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1480 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1481 ==================================
1483 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1487 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1488 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1489 before the final release.
1490 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1491 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1493 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1494 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1495 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1496 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1497 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1498 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1499 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1500 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1501 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1502 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1503 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1504 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1505 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1506 Rust package manager.
1510 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1511 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1512 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1513 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1514 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1515 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1516 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1518 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1519 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1520 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1522 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1524 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1525 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1526 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1527 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1528 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1530 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1531 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1532 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1534 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1535 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1537 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1538 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1539 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1540 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1541 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1542 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1543 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1544 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1545 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1546 library types unknown to the compiler).
1547 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1548 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1549 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1550 compared with `&str`.
1551 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1552 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1553 characters][unicode].
1554 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1555 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1556 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1557 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1558 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1560 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1561 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1562 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1563 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1564 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1565 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1566 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1567 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1568 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1569 unboxed closures to work.
1570 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1571 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1572 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1573 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1574 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1575 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1577 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1578 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1579 conventions][derive].
1580 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1581 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1582 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1583 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1584 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1585 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1586 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1590 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1591 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1592 improvements throughout the standard library.
1593 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1594 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1595 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1596 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1597 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1598 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1599 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1600 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1601 syscall when available.
1602 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1603 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1604 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1605 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1606 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1607 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1608 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1609 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1610 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1611 represented as strings.
1615 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1616 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1618 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1619 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1620 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1621 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1626 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1627 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1628 space than the inner types themselves.
1629 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1631 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1632 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1633 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1634 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1635 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1636 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1637 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1638 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1639 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1640 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1641 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1642 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1643 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1644 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1645 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1646 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1647 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1648 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1649 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1650 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1651 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1652 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1653 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1654 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1655 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1656 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1657 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1658 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1659 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1660 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1661 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1662 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1663 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1664 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1667 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1668 =============================
1670 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1674 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1675 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1677 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1678 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1679 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1680 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1681 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1682 stabilization progress.
1683 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1684 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1685 be installed with Cargo.
1686 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1687 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1688 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1691 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1693 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1694 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1695 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1696 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1697 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1698 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1699 impossible with the existing syntax.
1700 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1701 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1702 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1703 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1704 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1705 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1706 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1707 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1708 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1710 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1711 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1712 gate and may be removed in the future.
1713 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1714 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1716 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1717 is handled by the package manager.
1718 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1719 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1720 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1722 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1724 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1725 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1726 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1727 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1728 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1729 that capture by value.
1730 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1731 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1732 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1733 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1735 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1736 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1738 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1739 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1740 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1741 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1742 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1743 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1744 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1745 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1747 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1748 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1749 revisited in the future.
1752 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1753 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1754 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1755 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1757 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1759 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1760 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1761 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1762 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1763 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1764 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1765 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1766 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1767 idiomatic and efficient design.
1770 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1771 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1772 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1773 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1774 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1775 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1776 package manager for versioning.
1777 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1778 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1779 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1780 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1781 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1785 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1786 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1787 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1790 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1791 ==========================
1793 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1796 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1798 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1800 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1802 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1803 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1804 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1805 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1806 instead of any integral type.
1807 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1808 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1809 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1810 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1811 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1812 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1813 is still provided by a library implementation.
1814 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1815 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1816 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1817 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1818 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1819 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1820 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1821 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1822 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1823 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1824 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1825 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1826 if, while, match, and for..in.
1827 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1829 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1830 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1831 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1833 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1834 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1837 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1838 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1839 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1841 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1842 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1843 kernel development for example.
1844 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1845 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1846 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1847 better error messages.
1848 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1849 around the Result type.
1850 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1852 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1853 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1854 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1855 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1856 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1857 management of bit flags.
1858 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1859 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1860 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1861 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1862 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1863 to being based on methods.
1864 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1865 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1866 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1867 and sized deallocation
1868 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1869 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1871 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1872 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1873 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1875 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1876 an external libdebug crate.
1877 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1878 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1879 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1880 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1882 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1883 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1886 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1887 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1888 discovery of breaking changes.
1889 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1890 lifetime-related error occurs.
1891 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1892 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1893 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1894 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1895 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1896 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1897 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1898 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1899 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1900 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1901 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1902 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1903 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1904 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1905 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1906 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1907 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1908 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1909 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1911 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1912 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1913 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1914 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1915 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1916 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1917 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1918 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1919 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1923 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1924 =========================
1926 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1929 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1930 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1931 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1933 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1935 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1936 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1937 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1938 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1939 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1940 reference counting have been removed.
1941 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1942 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1943 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1944 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1945 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1946 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1948 * Unnecessary parentheses
1951 * Uppercase variables
1952 * Publicly visible private types
1953 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1954 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1955 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1956 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1957 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1958 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1959 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1960 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1961 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1962 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1963 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1964 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1965 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1967 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1968 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1969 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1970 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1972 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1973 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1974 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1975 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1977 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1978 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1979 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1982 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1983 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1984 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1985 documentation index page.
1986 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1987 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1988 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1989 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1990 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1991 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1992 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1993 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1994 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
1995 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
1996 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
1997 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
1998 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
1999 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
2000 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
2001 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
2002 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
2003 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
2004 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
2005 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
2006 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
2007 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
2008 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
2009 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
2010 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
2011 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
2012 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
2013 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
2014 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
2015 still implement the function.
2016 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
2017 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
2018 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
2019 print them in exponential notation.
2020 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
2021 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
2022 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
2023 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
2024 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
2025 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
2026 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
2027 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
2028 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
2029 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
2030 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
2031 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
2032 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
2033 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
2034 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
2035 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
2036 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
2037 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
2039 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
2040 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
2042 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
2043 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
2044 and various trimming of code.
2045 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
2046 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
2047 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
2048 dropping redundant functionality.
2049 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
2050 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
2051 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
2052 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
2054 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
2055 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
2056 hexadecimal literal.
2059 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
2060 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
2061 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
2062 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
2064 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
2066 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
2067 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
2068 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
2069 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
2070 android much more reliable.
2071 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
2072 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
2073 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
2074 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
2075 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
2076 function to fix the error.
2077 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
2079 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
2080 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
2081 * render standalone markdown files.
2082 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
2083 * exported macros are displayed.
2084 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
2086 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
2090 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
2091 ==========================
2093 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
2096 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
2097 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
2098 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
2099 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
2100 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
2101 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
2102 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
2103 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
2105 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
2106 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
2107 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
2108 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
2110 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
2111 * `@fn`s have been removed.
2112 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
2114 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
2115 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
2116 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
2117 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
2118 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
2119 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
2120 terminated with a semicolon.
2121 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
2122 no longer has any special meaning.
2123 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
2124 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
2125 `print!` and `println!`.
2126 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
2127 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
2128 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
2129 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
2130 * Macros can have attributes.
2131 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
2132 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
2133 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
2134 * Comments may be nested.
2135 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
2137 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
2138 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
2139 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
2140 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
2141 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
2142 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
2143 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
2144 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
2145 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
2146 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
2147 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
2148 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
2149 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
2150 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
2151 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
2152 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
2153 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
2155 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
2156 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
2157 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2159 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2161 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
2162 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
2163 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
2164 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
2165 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
2166 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
2167 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
2168 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
2169 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
2170 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
2171 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
2172 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
2173 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
2176 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
2177 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
2178 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
2179 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
2180 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
2182 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
2183 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
2184 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
2185 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
2186 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
2187 just a wrapper around it).
2188 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
2189 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
2190 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
2191 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
2192 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
2193 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
2194 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
2195 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
2196 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
2197 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
2198 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
2199 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
2200 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
2201 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
2202 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
2203 if the index is out of bounds.
2204 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
2205 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
2206 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
2207 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
2209 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
2211 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
2212 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
2213 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
2214 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
2216 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
2217 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
2218 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
2219 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
2220 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
2221 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
2222 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
2223 embedded environments.
2224 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
2225 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
2227 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
2228 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
2229 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
2231 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
2233 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
2234 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
2235 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
2236 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
2237 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
2238 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
2242 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
2244 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
2245 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
2246 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
2247 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
2248 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
2249 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
2250 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
2251 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
2252 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
2256 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
2257 ============================
2259 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
2262 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
2263 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
2264 * Default methods are ready for use.
2265 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
2266 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
2267 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
2268 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
2270 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
2271 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
2273 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
2274 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
2275 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
2276 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
2277 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
2278 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
2279 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
2280 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
2281 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
2282 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
2283 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
2284 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
2285 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
2286 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
2287 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
2288 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
2289 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
2290 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
2291 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
2292 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
2293 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
2294 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
2295 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
2296 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
2297 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
2298 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
2299 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
2300 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
2301 prefixes (default: allow).
2302 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
2303 `std::unstable::simd`.
2304 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
2305 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
2306 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
2307 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2308 extension) to stdout.
2309 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2310 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
2311 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
2312 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
2313 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
2315 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
2316 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
2317 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
2321 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
2322 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
2324 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
2325 `uint::range` and friends.
2326 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
2327 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
2328 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
2329 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
2330 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
2331 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
2332 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
2333 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
2335 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
2336 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
2338 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
2340 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
2341 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
2343 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
2344 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
2345 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
2346 no longer function pointers.
2347 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2348 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2349 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2351 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2352 is required in implementations.
2353 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2354 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2355 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2356 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2357 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2358 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2360 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2361 sense in the new scheduler design.
2362 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2364 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2365 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2366 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2367 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2368 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2369 default implementations.
2370 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2371 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2372 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2373 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2374 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2375 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2376 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2377 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2378 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2379 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2380 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2381 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2382 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2383 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2384 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2385 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2386 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2387 * extra: `par` module removed.
2388 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2389 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2392 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2393 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2394 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2395 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2396 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2397 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2398 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2400 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2401 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2402 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2403 * All tools have man pages.
2404 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2405 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2406 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2407 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2408 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2409 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2412 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2413 =======================
2415 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2418 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2420 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2421 many bugs and inconveniences.
2422 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2423 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2424 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2425 removed due to bugs.
2426 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2427 so they compose better.
2428 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2429 * Trait default methods work more often.
2430 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2431 no padding between fields.
2432 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2434 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2435 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2436 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2437 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2438 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2439 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2440 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2442 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2444 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2445 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2446 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2447 are never implicitly copyable.
2448 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2449 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2450 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2453 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2455 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2456 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2458 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2459 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2462 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2463 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2464 * More and improved documentation.
2465 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2466 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2467 implementations of `Iterator`.
2468 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2469 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2470 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2471 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2472 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2473 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2474 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2475 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2476 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2477 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2478 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2479 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2480 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2481 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2482 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2483 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2484 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2485 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2486 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2487 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2488 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2489 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2490 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2491 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2492 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2493 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2494 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2495 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2496 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2497 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2498 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2499 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2500 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2501 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2502 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2503 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2504 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2505 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2508 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2509 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2511 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2513 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2514 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2515 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2516 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2517 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2518 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2519 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2520 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2521 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2522 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2523 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2524 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2525 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2526 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2529 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2530 ========================
2532 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2535 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2536 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2537 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2538 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2539 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2540 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2541 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2542 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2543 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2544 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2545 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2546 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2547 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2548 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2549 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2550 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2551 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2552 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2553 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2554 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2555 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2556 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2557 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2558 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2559 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2560 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2561 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2562 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2563 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2564 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2565 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2566 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2567 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2568 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2569 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2570 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2571 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2572 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2573 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2574 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2577 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2578 eliminating the `move` keyword
2579 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2580 * &mut is now unaliasable
2581 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2583 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2584 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2585 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2586 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2587 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2588 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2589 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2590 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2591 * Structural records have been removed
2592 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2593 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2594 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2595 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2596 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2597 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2598 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2601 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2602 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2603 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2604 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2605 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2606 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2607 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2608 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2609 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2610 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2611 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2612 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2613 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2614 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2615 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2616 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2617 by certain container types
2620 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2621 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2622 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2623 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2624 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2625 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2626 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2627 * Various memory usage improvements
2628 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2629 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2632 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2633 ===========================
2635 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2638 * Removed `<-` move operator
2639 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2640 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2641 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2642 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2643 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2644 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2645 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2646 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2647 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2650 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2651 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2652 * Enum variants may be structs
2653 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2654 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2655 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2656 without writing `move` explicitly
2657 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2658 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2659 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2660 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2661 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2664 * Improved support for language features
2665 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2666 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2667 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2668 * Static methods work in more situations
2669 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2673 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2674 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2675 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2676 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2677 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2678 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2679 * Moved futures to `std`
2680 * More functions are pure now
2681 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2682 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2685 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2686 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2689 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2690 ==========================
2692 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2695 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2696 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2697 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2698 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2699 * Explicit method self types
2700 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2701 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2702 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2703 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2704 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2705 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2706 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2709 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2710 * Trait methods may be static
2711 * Argument modes are deprecated
2712 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2713 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2714 * Typestate was removed
2715 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2716 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2719 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2721 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2722 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2723 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2726 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2727 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2728 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2730 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2731 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2732 * More robust linked task failure
2733 * Improved task builder API
2736 * Improved error reporting
2737 * Preliminary JIT support
2738 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2739 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2740 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2741 Rust-based (visitor) code
2742 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2745 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2746 ========================
2748 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2750 * New coding conveniences
2751 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2752 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2753 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2754 * Documentation comments
2755 * More compact closure syntax
2756 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2758 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2761 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2762 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2764 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2765 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2766 * Extensive work on region pointers
2768 * Experimental new language features
2769 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2770 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2771 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2772 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2773 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2774 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2778 * Removal of various obsolete features
2779 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2780 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2782 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2783 resources (replaced by destructors)
2785 * Compiler reorganization
2786 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2787 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2788 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2791 * New time functions
2792 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2793 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2794 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2795 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2796 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2797 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2798 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2801 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2804 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2805 =========================
2807 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2809 * New docs and doc tooling
2811 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2813 * Compilation model enhancements
2814 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2815 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2817 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2818 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2819 * Explicit schedulers
2823 * Experimental new language features
2824 * Operator overloading
2828 * Various language extensions
2829 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2830 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2831 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2832 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2833 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2834 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2835 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2838 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2839 * Revived libuv interface
2840 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2841 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2842 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2845 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2846 ===============================
2848 * Most language features work, including:
2849 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2850 * Interface-constrained generics
2851 * Static interface dispatch
2853 * Multithread task scheduling
2854 * Typestate predicates
2855 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2856 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2857 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2858 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2860 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2861 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2862 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2863 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2865 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2867 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2871 * Documentation is incomplete.
2873 * Performance is below intended target.
2875 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2877 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will