1 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
2 ----------------------------------
4 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
8 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
9 though there is a significant amount of cleanup and bugfixes
11 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
12 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces will not change.
13 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
14 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
15 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
16 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
17 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more guides, more
18 API coverage and more examples.
19 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
24 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
25 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
26 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
27 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
28 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
29 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
30 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
32 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
33 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
34 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
36 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
38 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
39 supports OS threads, not green threads.
40 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
41 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
42 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
44 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
45 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
46 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
48 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
49 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
51 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
52 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
53 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
54 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
55 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
56 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
57 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
58 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
59 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Share` will soon become pure
60 library types unknown to the compiler).
61 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
62 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
63 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
65 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
66 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
68 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
69 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
70 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
71 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
72 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
74 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
75 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
76 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
77 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
78 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
79 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
80 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
81 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
82 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
83 unboxed closures to work.
84 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
85 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
86 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
87 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
88 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
89 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
91 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
92 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
94 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
95 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
96 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
97 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
98 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
99 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
100 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
104 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
105 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
106 improvements throughout the standard library.
107 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
108 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
109 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
110 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
111 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
112 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
113 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
114 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
115 syscall when available.
116 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
117 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
118 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
119 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
120 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
121 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
122 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
123 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
124 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
125 represented as strings.
129 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
130 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
132 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
133 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
134 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
135 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
140 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
141 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
142 space than the inner types themselves.
143 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
145 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
146 [unboxed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0114-closures.md
147 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
148 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
149 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
150 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
151 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
152 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
153 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
154 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
155 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
156 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
157 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
158 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
159 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
160 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
161 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
162 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
163 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
164 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
165 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
166 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
167 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
168 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
169 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
170 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
171 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
172 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
173 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
174 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
175 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
177 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
178 -----------------------------
180 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
184 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
185 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
187 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
188 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
189 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
190 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
191 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
192 stabilization progress.
193 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
194 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
195 be installed with Cargo.
196 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
197 function declarations in many common scenarios.
198 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
201 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
203 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
204 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
205 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
206 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
207 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
208 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
209 impossible with the existing syntax.
210 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
211 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
212 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
213 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
214 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
215 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
216 potential additional uses of the syntax.
217 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
218 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
220 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
221 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
222 gate and may be removed in the future.
223 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
224 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
226 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
227 is handled by the package manager.
228 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
229 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
230 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
232 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
234 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
235 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
236 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
237 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
238 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
239 that capture by value.
240 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
241 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
242 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
243 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
245 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
246 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
248 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
249 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
250 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
251 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
252 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
253 (`[T]`) and trait types.
254 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
255 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
257 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
258 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
259 revisited in the future.
262 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
263 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
264 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
265 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
267 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
269 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
270 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
271 `Timespec` arithmetic.
272 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
273 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
274 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
275 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
276 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
277 idiomatic and efficient design.
280 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
281 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
282 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
283 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
284 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
285 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
286 package manager for versioning.
287 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
288 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
289 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
290 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
291 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
295 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
296 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
297 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
299 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
300 -------------------------
302 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
305 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
307 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
309 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
311 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
312 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
313 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
314 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
315 instead of any integral type.
316 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
317 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
318 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
319 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
320 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
321 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
322 is still provided by a library implementation.
323 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
324 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
325 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
326 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
327 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
328 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
329 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
330 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
331 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
332 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
333 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
334 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
335 if, while, match, and for..in.
336 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
338 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
339 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
340 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
342 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
343 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
346 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
347 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
348 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
350 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
351 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
352 kernel development for example.
353 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
354 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
355 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
356 better error messages.
357 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
358 around the Result type.
359 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
361 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
362 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
363 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
364 their forward-iteration counterparts.
365 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
366 management of bit flags.
367 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
368 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
369 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
370 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
371 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
372 to being based on methods.
373 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
374 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
375 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
376 and sized deallocation
377 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
378 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
380 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
381 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
382 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
384 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
385 an external libdebug crate.
386 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
387 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
388 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
389 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
391 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
392 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
395 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
396 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
397 discovery of breaking changes.
398 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
399 lifetime-related error occurs.
400 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
401 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
402 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
403 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
404 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
405 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
406 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
407 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
408 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
409 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
410 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
411 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
412 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
413 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
414 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
415 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
416 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
417 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
418 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
420 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
421 sharing rust code examples on-line.
422 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
423 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
424 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
425 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
426 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
427 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
428 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
431 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
432 -------------------------
434 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
437 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
438 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
439 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
441 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
443 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
444 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
445 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
446 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
447 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
448 reference counting have been removed.
449 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
450 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
451 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
452 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
453 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
454 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
456 * Unnecessary parentheses
459 * Uppercase variables
460 * Publicly visible private types
461 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
462 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
463 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
464 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
465 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
466 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
467 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
468 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
469 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
470 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
471 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
472 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
473 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
475 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
476 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
477 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
478 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
480 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
481 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
482 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
483 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
485 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
486 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
487 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
490 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
491 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
492 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
493 documentation index page.
494 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
495 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
496 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
497 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
498 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
499 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
500 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
501 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
502 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
503 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
504 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
505 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
506 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
507 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
508 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
509 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
510 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
511 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
512 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
513 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
514 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
515 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
516 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
517 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
518 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
519 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
520 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
521 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
522 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
523 still implement the function.
524 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
525 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
526 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
527 print them in exponential notation.
528 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
529 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
530 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
531 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
532 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
533 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
534 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
535 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
536 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
537 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
538 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
539 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
540 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
541 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
542 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
543 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
544 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
545 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
547 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
548 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
550 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
551 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
552 and various trimming of code.
553 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
554 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
555 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
556 dropping redundant functionality.
557 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
558 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
559 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
560 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
562 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
563 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
567 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
568 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
569 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
570 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
572 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
574 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
575 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
576 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
577 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
578 android much more reliable.
579 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
580 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
581 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
582 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
583 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
584 function to fix the error.
585 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
587 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
588 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
589 * render standalone markdown files.
590 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
591 * exported macros are displayed.
592 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
594 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
597 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
598 --------------------------
600 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
603 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
604 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
605 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
606 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
607 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
608 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
609 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
610 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
612 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
613 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
614 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
615 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
617 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
618 * `@fn`s have been removed.
619 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
621 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
622 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
623 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
624 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
625 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
626 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
627 terminated with a semicolon.
628 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
629 no longer has any special meaning.
630 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
631 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
632 `print!` and `println!`.
633 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
634 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
635 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
636 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
637 * Macros can have attributes.
638 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
639 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
640 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
641 * Comments may be nested.
642 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
644 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
645 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
646 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
647 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
648 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
649 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
650 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
651 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
652 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
653 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
654 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
655 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
656 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
657 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
658 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
659 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
660 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
662 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
663 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
664 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
666 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
668 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
669 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
670 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
671 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
672 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
673 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
674 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
675 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
676 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
677 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
678 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
679 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
680 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
683 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
684 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
685 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
686 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
687 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
689 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
690 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
691 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
692 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
693 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
694 just a wrapper around it).
695 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
696 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
697 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
698 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
699 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
700 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
701 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
702 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
703 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
704 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
705 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
706 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
707 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
708 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
709 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
710 if the index is out of bounds.
711 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
712 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
713 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
714 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
716 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
718 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
719 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
720 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
721 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
723 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
724 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
725 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
726 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
727 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
728 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
729 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
730 embedded environments.
731 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
732 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
734 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
735 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
736 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
738 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
740 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
741 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
742 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
743 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
744 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
745 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
749 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
751 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
752 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
753 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
754 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
755 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
756 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
757 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
758 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
759 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
762 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
763 --------------------------
765 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
768 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
769 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
770 * Default methods are ready for use.
771 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
772 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
773 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
774 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
776 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
777 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
779 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
780 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
781 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
782 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
783 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
784 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
785 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
786 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
787 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
788 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
789 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
790 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
791 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
792 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
793 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
794 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
795 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
796 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
797 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
798 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
799 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
800 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
801 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
802 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
803 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
804 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
805 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
806 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
807 prefixes (default: allow).
808 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
809 `std::unstable::simd`.
810 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
811 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
812 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
813 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
814 extension) to stdout.
815 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
816 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
817 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
818 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
819 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
821 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
822 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
823 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
827 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
828 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
830 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
831 `uint::range` and friends.
832 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
833 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
834 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
835 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
836 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
837 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
838 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
839 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
841 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
842 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
844 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
846 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
847 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
849 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
850 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
851 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
852 no longer function pointers.
853 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
854 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
855 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
857 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
858 is required in implementations.
859 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
860 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
861 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
862 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
863 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
864 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
866 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
867 sense in the new scheduler design.
868 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
870 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
871 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
872 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
873 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
874 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
875 default implementations.
876 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
877 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
878 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
879 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
880 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
881 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
882 * extra: `rope` was removed.
883 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
884 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
885 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
886 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
887 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
888 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
889 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
890 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
891 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
892 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
893 * extra: `par` module removed.
894 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
895 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
898 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
899 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
900 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
901 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
902 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
903 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
904 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
906 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
907 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
908 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
909 * All tools have man pages.
910 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
911 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
912 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
913 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
914 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
915 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
917 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
918 -----------------------
920 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
923 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
925 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
926 many bugs and inconveniences.
927 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
928 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
929 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
931 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
932 so they compose better.
933 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
934 * Trait default methods work more often.
935 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
936 no padding between fields.
937 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
939 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
940 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
941 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
942 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
943 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
944 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
945 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
947 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
949 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
950 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
951 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
952 are never implicitly copyable.
953 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
954 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
955 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
958 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
960 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
961 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
963 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
964 and unsuffixed integer literals.
967 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
968 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
969 * More and improved documentation.
970 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
971 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
972 implementations of `Iterator`.
973 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
974 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
975 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
976 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
977 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
978 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
979 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
980 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
981 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
982 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
983 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
984 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
985 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
986 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
987 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
988 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
989 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
990 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
991 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
992 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
993 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
994 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
995 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
996 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
997 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
998 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
999 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1000 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1001 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1002 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1003 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1004 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1005 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1006 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1007 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1008 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1009 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1010 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1013 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1014 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1016 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1018 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1019 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1020 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1021 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1022 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1023 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1024 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1025 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1026 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1027 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1028 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1029 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1030 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1031 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1033 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1034 ------------------------
1036 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1039 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1040 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1041 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1042 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1043 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1044 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1045 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1046 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1047 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1048 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1049 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1050 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1051 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1052 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1053 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1054 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1055 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1056 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1057 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1058 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1059 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1060 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1061 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1062 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1063 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1064 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1065 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1066 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1067 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1068 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1069 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1070 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1071 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1072 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1073 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1074 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1075 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1076 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1077 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1078 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1081 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1082 eliminating the `move` keyword
1083 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1084 * &mut is now unaliasable
1085 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1087 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1088 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1089 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1090 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1091 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1092 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1093 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1094 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1095 * Structural records have been removed
1096 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1097 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1098 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1099 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1100 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1101 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1102 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1105 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1106 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1107 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1108 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1109 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1110 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1111 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1112 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1113 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1114 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1115 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1116 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1117 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1118 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1119 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1120 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1121 by certain container types
1124 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1125 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1126 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1127 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1128 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1129 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1130 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1131 * Various memory usage improvements
1132 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1133 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1135 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1136 ---------------------------
1138 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1141 * Removed `<-` move operator
1142 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1143 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1144 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1145 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1146 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1147 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1148 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1149 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1150 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1153 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1154 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1155 * Enum variants may be structs
1156 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1157 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1158 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1159 without writing `move` explicitly
1160 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1161 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1162 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1163 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1164 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1167 * Improved support for language features
1168 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1169 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1170 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1171 * Static methods work in more situations
1172 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1176 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1177 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1178 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1179 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1180 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1181 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1182 * Moved futures to `std`
1183 * More functions are pure now
1184 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1185 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1188 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1189 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1191 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1192 --------------------------
1194 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1197 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1198 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1199 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1200 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1201 * Explicit method self types
1202 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1203 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1204 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1205 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1206 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1207 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1208 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1211 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1212 * Trait methods may be static
1213 * Argument modes are deprecated
1214 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1215 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1216 * Typestate was removed
1217 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1218 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1221 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1223 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1224 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1225 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1228 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1229 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1230 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1232 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1233 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1234 * More robust linked task failure
1235 * Improved task builder API
1238 * Improved error reporting
1239 * Preliminary JIT support
1240 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1241 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1242 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1243 Rust-based (visitor) code
1244 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1246 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1247 ------------------------
1249 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1251 * New coding conveniences
1252 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1253 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1254 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1255 * Documentation comments
1256 * More compact closure syntax
1257 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1259 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1262 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1263 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1265 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1266 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1267 * Extensive work on region pointers
1269 * Experimental new language features
1270 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1271 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1272 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1273 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1274 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1275 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1279 * Removal of various obsolete features
1280 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1281 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1283 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1284 resources (replaced by destructors)
1286 * Compiler reorganization
1287 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1288 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1289 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1292 * New time functions
1293 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1294 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1295 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1296 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1297 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1298 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1299 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1302 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1304 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1305 -------------------------
1307 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1309 * New docs and doc tooling
1311 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1313 * Compilation model enhancements
1314 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1315 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1317 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1318 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1319 * Explicit schedulers
1323 * Experimental new language features
1324 * Operator overloading
1328 * Various language extensions
1329 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1330 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1331 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1332 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1333 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1334 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1335 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1338 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1339 * Revived libuv interface
1340 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1341 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1342 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1344 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1345 -------------------------------
1347 * Most language features work, including:
1348 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1349 * Interface-constrained generics
1350 * Static interface dispatch
1352 * Multithread task scheduling
1353 * Typestate predicates
1354 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1355 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1356 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1357 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1359 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1360 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1361 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1362 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1364 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1366 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1370 * Documentation is incomplete.
1372 * Performance is below intended target.
1374 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1376 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will