1 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
2 ==========================
4 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
10 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
11 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
12 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
13 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
14 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
15 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
16 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
17 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
18 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
19 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
20 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
21 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
22 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
23 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
24 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
25 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
26 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
27 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
28 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
29 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
30 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
31 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
32 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
33 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
34 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
35 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
36 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
37 invoked as `cargo foo`.
38 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
39 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
40 crates with wildcard dependencies.
45 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
46 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
47 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
48 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
49 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
50 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
51 contains methods of the same name.
52 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
53 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
54 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
55 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
56 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
57 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
58 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
59 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
60 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
61 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
62 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
63 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
64 in valid locations][1.5at].
65 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
66 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
67 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
68 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
69 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
70 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
71 generate errors][1.5nu].
72 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
73 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
74 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
80 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
81 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
82 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
83 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
84 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
85 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
86 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
87 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
92 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
94 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
95 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
96 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
97 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
98 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
99 the conversions are lossless.
100 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
101 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
103 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
104 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
105 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
106 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
107 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
108 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
109 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
110 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
111 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
112 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
113 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
114 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
119 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
120 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
121 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
122 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
123 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
124 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
125 reported once][1.5te].
126 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
127 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
129 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
130 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
131 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
132 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
133 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
134 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
135 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
136 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
137 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
138 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
139 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
140 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
141 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
142 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
143 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
144 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
145 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
146 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
147 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
148 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
149 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
150 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
151 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
152 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
153 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
154 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
155 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
156 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
157 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
158 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
159 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
160 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
161 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
162 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
163 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
164 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
165 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
166 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
167 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
168 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
169 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
170 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
171 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
172 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
173 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
174 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
175 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
176 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
177 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
178 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
179 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
180 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
181 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
182 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
183 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
184 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
185 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
186 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
187 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
188 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
189 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
190 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
191 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
192 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
193 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
194 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
195 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
196 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
197 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
198 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
199 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
200 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
201 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
202 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
203 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
204 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
205 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
206 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
207 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
208 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
209 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
210 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
211 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
212 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
213 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
214 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
215 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
216 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
217 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
219 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
220 ==========================
222 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
227 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
228 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
233 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
234 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
235 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
236 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
237 see immediate breakage.
238 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
239 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
240 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
241 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
242 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
243 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
244 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
245 signs are now accepted][fp3].
251 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
252 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
253 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
254 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
255 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
260 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
261 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
262 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
263 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
264 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
265 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
266 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
267 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
268 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
269 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
270 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
271 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
272 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
273 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
274 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
275 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
276 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
277 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
279 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
280 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
281 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
282 `f64::from_str_radix`.
283 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
285 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
286 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
287 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
289 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
290 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
291 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
293 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
295 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
297 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
298 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
299 breakage in rare situations.
300 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
301 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
303 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
304 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
305 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
306 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
307 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
308 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
309 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
311 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
316 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
317 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
318 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
320 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
321 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
323 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
326 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
327 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
328 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
329 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
330 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
331 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
332 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
333 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
334 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
335 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
336 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
337 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
338 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
339 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
340 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
341 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
342 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
343 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
344 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
345 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
346 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
347 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
348 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
349 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
350 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
351 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
352 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
353 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
354 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
355 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
356 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
357 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
358 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
359 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
360 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
361 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
362 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
363 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
364 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
365 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
366 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
367 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
368 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
369 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
370 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
371 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
372 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
373 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
374 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
375 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
376 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
377 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
378 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
379 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
380 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
381 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
382 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
383 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
384 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
385 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
386 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
387 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
388 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
389 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
390 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
391 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
392 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
393 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
394 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
395 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
396 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
398 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
399 ==============================
401 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
406 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
407 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
408 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
409 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
411 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
412 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
413 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
414 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
420 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
421 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
422 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
423 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
424 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
425 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
426 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
427 believed to break no existing code.
428 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
429 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
430 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
431 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
432 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
433 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
434 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
439 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
440 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
441 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
442 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
443 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
444 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
445 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
447 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
448 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
449 implementations correctly.
450 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
451 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
457 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
458 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
459 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
460 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
461 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
462 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
463 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
464 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
465 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
466 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
467 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
469 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
470 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
471 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
472 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
473 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
474 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
475 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
476 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
477 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
478 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
479 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
480 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
481 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
482 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
484 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
485 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
486 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
487 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
488 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
489 available to stable code anyway).
490 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
491 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
492 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
493 [better for long data][sh].
494 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
495 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
496 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
498 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
504 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
505 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
506 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
507 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
508 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
509 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
510 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
512 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
513 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
514 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
515 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
516 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
517 code to no longer build.
518 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
519 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
521 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
522 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
523 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
524 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
526 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
527 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
529 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
530 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
531 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
532 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
533 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
534 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
535 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
536 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
537 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
538 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
539 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
540 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
541 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
542 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
543 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
544 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
545 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
546 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
547 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
548 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
549 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
550 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
551 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
552 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
553 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
554 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
555 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
556 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
557 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
558 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
559 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
560 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
561 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
562 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
563 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
564 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
565 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
566 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
567 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
568 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
569 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
570 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
571 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
572 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
573 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
574 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
575 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
576 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
577 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
578 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
579 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
580 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
581 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
582 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
583 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
584 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
585 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
586 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
587 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
588 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
589 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
590 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
591 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
592 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
593 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
594 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
595 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
596 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
597 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
598 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
599 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
600 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
601 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
602 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
604 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
605 ==========================
607 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
612 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
613 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
614 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
615 implementation of DST.
616 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
617 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
618 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
619 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
620 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
622 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
623 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
624 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
626 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
627 bootstrapping over 1.1.
632 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
633 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
634 behavior and considered a bugfix.
635 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
636 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
637 in, and the same value reported by clang's
638 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
640 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
641 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
642 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
643 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
644 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
645 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
646 such this breakage has minimal impact.
651 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
652 matching against dereferencable values.
657 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
658 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
659 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
660 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
661 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
662 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
664 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
665 over substring matches.
666 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
667 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
668 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
669 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
670 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
671 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
672 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
673 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
674 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
675 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
676 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
678 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
679 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
680 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
681 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
682 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
683 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
684 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
685 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
686 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
687 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
688 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
689 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
690 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
691 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
692 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
693 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
694 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
696 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
702 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
703 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
704 unsafe pointers][nop].
705 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
706 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
708 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
709 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
710 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
711 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
712 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
713 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
714 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
715 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
716 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
717 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
718 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
719 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
720 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
721 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
722 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
723 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
724 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
725 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
726 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
727 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
728 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
729 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
730 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
731 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
732 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
733 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
734 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
735 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
736 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
737 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
738 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
739 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
740 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
741 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
742 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
743 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
744 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
745 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
746 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
747 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
748 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
749 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
750 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
751 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
752 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
753 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
754 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
755 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
756 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
757 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
758 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
759 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
760 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
762 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
763 =========================
765 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
770 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
771 functionality exposed:
772 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
773 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
774 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
775 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
776 access to all underlying information.
777 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
778 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
779 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
780 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
781 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
787 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
788 whitespace boundaries.
789 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
790 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
791 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
792 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
793 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
794 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
795 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
796 Windows, symlinks can be created with
797 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
798 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
799 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
800 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
801 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
802 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
803 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
804 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
805 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
806 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
808 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
809 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
810 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
811 compiler and the standard library.
812 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
813 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
814 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
815 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
816 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
817 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
818 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
819 properly exported][inc].
820 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
821 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
822 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
823 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
828 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
829 [multiple improvements][pre].
830 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
831 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
832 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
833 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
834 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
835 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
836 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
837 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
839 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
840 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
843 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
844 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
845 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
846 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
847 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
848 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
849 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
850 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
851 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
852 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
853 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
854 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
855 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
856 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
857 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
858 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
859 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
860 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
861 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
862 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
863 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
864 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
865 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
866 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
867 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
868 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
869 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
870 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
871 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
873 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
874 ========================
876 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
881 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
882 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
884 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
886 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
892 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
893 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
894 without breaking downstream code.
895 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
896 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
897 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
898 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
899 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
901 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
902 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
903 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
904 to underscore for the crate name.
905 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
906 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
907 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
909 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
910 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
911 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
912 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
913 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
914 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
915 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
916 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
917 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
918 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
919 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
920 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
921 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
922 arguments except in minor ways.
923 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
924 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
930 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
931 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
933 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
934 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
935 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
936 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
937 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
938 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
939 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
940 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
941 number of 'splits'][spl].
942 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
943 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
944 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
945 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
946 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
948 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
950 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
952 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
953 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
954 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
956 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
957 was the major library focus for this cycle.
958 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
959 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
960 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
961 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
963 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
964 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
965 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
966 many existing ad hoc traits.
967 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
968 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
969 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
970 hierarchy in the future.
971 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
972 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
973 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
974 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
975 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
976 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
977 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
982 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
983 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
984 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
986 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
988 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
989 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
990 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
993 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
994 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
995 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
996 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
997 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
998 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
999 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1000 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1001 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1002 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1003 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1004 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1005 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1006 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1007 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1008 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1009 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1010 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1011 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1012 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1013 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1014 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1015 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1016 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1017 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1018 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1019 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1020 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1021 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1022 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1023 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1024 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1025 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1026 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1027 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1028 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1029 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1030 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1033 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1034 =====================================
1036 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1040 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1041 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1042 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1044 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1045 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1046 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1047 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1051 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1052 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1053 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1054 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1055 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1056 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1057 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1058 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1059 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1060 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1061 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1062 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1063 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1064 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1065 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1066 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1067 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1068 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1069 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1070 from references to vectors into references to
1071 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1072 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1073 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1074 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1078 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1079 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1080 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1081 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1082 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1083 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1084 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1085 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1086 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1087 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1088 creating raw pointers.
1092 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1093 are now [split neatly across multiple
1094 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1095 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1096 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1097 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1098 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1099 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1104 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1105 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1107 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1108 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1109 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1110 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1111 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1112 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1113 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1114 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1115 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1116 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1117 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1118 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1119 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1120 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1121 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1122 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1123 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1124 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1125 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1126 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1127 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1128 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1129 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1132 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1133 ==================================
1135 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1139 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1140 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1141 before the final release.
1142 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1143 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1145 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1146 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1147 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1148 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1149 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1150 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1151 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1152 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1153 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1154 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1155 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1156 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1157 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1158 Rust package manager.
1162 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1163 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1164 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1165 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1166 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1167 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1168 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1170 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1171 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1172 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1174 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1176 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1177 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1178 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1179 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1180 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1182 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1183 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1184 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1186 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1187 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1189 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1190 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1191 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1192 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1193 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1194 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1195 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1196 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1197 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1198 library types unknown to the compiler).
1199 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1200 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1201 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1202 compared with `&str`.
1203 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1204 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1205 characters][unicode].
1206 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1207 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1208 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1209 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1210 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1212 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1213 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1214 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1215 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1216 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1217 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1218 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1219 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1220 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1221 unboxed closures to work.
1222 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1223 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1224 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1225 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1226 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1227 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1229 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1230 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1231 conventions][derive].
1232 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1233 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1234 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1235 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1236 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1237 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1238 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1242 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1243 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1244 improvements throughout the standard library.
1245 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1246 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1247 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1248 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1249 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1250 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1251 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1252 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1253 syscall when available.
1254 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1255 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1256 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1257 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1258 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1259 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1260 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1261 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1262 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1263 represented as strings.
1267 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1268 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1270 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1271 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1272 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1273 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1278 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1279 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1280 space than the inner types themselves.
1281 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1283 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1284 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1285 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1286 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1287 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1288 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1289 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1290 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1291 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1292 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1293 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1294 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1295 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1296 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1297 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1298 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1299 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1300 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1301 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1302 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1303 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1304 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1305 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1306 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1307 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1308 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1309 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1310 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1311 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1312 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1313 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1314 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1315 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1316 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1319 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1320 =============================
1322 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1326 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1327 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1329 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1330 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1331 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1332 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1333 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1334 stabilization progress.
1335 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1336 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1337 be installed with Cargo.
1338 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1339 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1340 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1343 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1345 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1346 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1347 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1348 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1349 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1350 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1351 impossible with the existing syntax.
1352 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1353 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1354 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1355 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1356 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1357 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1358 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1359 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1360 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1362 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1363 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1364 gate and may be removed in the future.
1365 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1366 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1368 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1369 is handled by the package manager.
1370 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1371 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1372 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1374 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1376 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1377 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1378 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1379 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1380 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1381 that capture by value.
1382 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1383 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1384 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1385 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1387 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1388 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1390 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1391 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1392 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1393 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1394 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1395 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1396 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1397 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1399 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1400 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1401 revisited in the future.
1404 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1405 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1406 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1407 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1409 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1411 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1412 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1413 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1414 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1415 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1416 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1417 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1418 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1419 idiomatic and efficient design.
1422 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1423 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1424 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1425 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1426 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1427 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1428 package manager for versioning.
1429 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1430 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1431 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1432 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1433 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1437 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1438 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1439 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1442 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1443 ==========================
1445 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1448 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1450 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1452 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1454 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1455 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1456 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1457 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1458 instead of any integral type.
1459 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1460 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1461 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1462 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1463 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1464 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1465 is still provided by a library implementation.
1466 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1467 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1468 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1469 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1470 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1471 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1472 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1473 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1474 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1475 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1476 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1477 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1478 if, while, match, and for..in.
1479 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1481 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1482 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1483 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1485 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1486 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1489 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1490 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1491 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1493 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1494 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1495 kernel development for example.
1496 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1497 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1498 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1499 better error messages.
1500 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1501 around the Result type.
1502 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1504 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1505 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1506 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1507 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1508 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1509 management of bit flags.
1510 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1511 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1512 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1513 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1514 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1515 to being based on methods.
1516 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1517 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1518 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1519 and sized deallocation
1520 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1521 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1523 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1524 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1525 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1527 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1528 an external libdebug crate.
1529 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1530 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1531 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1532 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1534 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1535 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1538 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1539 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1540 discovery of breaking changes.
1541 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1542 lifetime-related error occurs.
1543 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1544 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1545 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1546 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1547 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1548 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1549 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1550 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1551 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1552 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1553 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1554 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1555 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1556 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1557 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1558 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1559 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1560 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1561 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1563 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1564 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1565 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1566 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1567 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1568 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1569 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1570 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1571 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1575 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1576 =========================
1578 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1581 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1582 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1583 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1585 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1587 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1588 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1589 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1590 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1591 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1592 reference counting have been removed.
1593 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1594 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1595 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1596 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1597 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1598 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1600 * Unnecessary parentheses
1603 * Uppercase variables
1604 * Publicly visible private types
1605 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1606 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1607 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1608 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1609 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1610 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1611 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1612 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1613 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1614 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1615 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1616 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1617 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1619 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1620 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1621 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1622 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1624 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1625 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1626 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1627 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1629 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1630 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1631 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1634 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1635 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1636 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1637 documentation index page.
1638 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1639 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1640 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1641 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1642 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1643 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1644 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1645 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1646 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
1647 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
1648 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
1649 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
1650 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
1651 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
1652 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
1653 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
1654 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
1655 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
1656 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
1657 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
1658 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
1659 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
1660 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
1661 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
1662 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
1663 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
1664 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
1665 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
1666 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
1667 still implement the function.
1668 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
1669 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
1670 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
1671 print them in exponential notation.
1672 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
1673 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
1674 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
1675 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
1676 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
1677 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
1678 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
1679 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
1680 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
1681 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
1682 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
1683 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
1684 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
1685 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
1686 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
1687 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
1688 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
1689 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
1691 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
1692 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
1694 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
1695 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
1696 and various trimming of code.
1697 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
1698 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
1699 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
1700 dropping redundant functionality.
1701 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
1702 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
1703 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
1704 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
1706 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
1707 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
1708 hexadecimal literal.
1711 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
1712 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
1713 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
1714 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
1716 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
1718 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
1719 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
1720 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
1721 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
1722 android much more reliable.
1723 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
1724 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
1725 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
1726 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
1727 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
1728 function to fix the error.
1729 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
1731 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
1732 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
1733 * render standalone markdown files.
1734 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
1735 * exported macros are displayed.
1736 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
1738 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
1742 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
1743 ==========================
1745 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
1748 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
1749 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
1750 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
1751 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
1752 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
1753 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
1754 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
1755 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
1757 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
1758 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
1759 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
1760 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
1762 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
1763 * `@fn`s have been removed.
1764 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
1766 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
1767 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
1768 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
1769 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
1770 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
1771 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
1772 terminated with a semicolon.
1773 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
1774 no longer has any special meaning.
1775 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
1776 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
1777 `print!` and `println!`.
1778 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
1779 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
1780 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
1781 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
1782 * Macros can have attributes.
1783 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
1784 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
1785 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
1786 * Comments may be nested.
1787 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
1789 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
1790 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
1791 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
1792 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
1793 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
1794 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
1795 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
1796 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
1797 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
1798 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
1799 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
1800 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
1801 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
1802 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
1803 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
1804 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
1805 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
1807 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
1808 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
1809 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1811 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1813 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
1814 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
1815 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
1816 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
1817 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
1818 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
1819 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
1820 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
1821 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
1822 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
1823 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
1824 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
1825 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
1828 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
1829 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
1830 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
1831 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
1832 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
1834 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
1835 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
1836 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
1837 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
1838 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
1839 just a wrapper around it).
1840 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
1841 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
1842 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
1843 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
1844 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
1845 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
1846 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
1847 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
1848 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
1849 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
1850 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
1851 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
1852 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
1853 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
1854 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
1855 if the index is out of bounds.
1856 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
1857 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
1858 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
1859 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
1861 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
1863 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
1864 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
1865 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
1866 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1868 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1869 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1870 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1871 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1872 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1873 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1874 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1875 embedded environments.
1876 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1877 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1879 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1880 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1881 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1883 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1885 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1886 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1887 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1888 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1889 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1890 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1894 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1896 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1897 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1898 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1899 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1900 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1901 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1902 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1903 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1904 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1908 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
1909 ============================
1911 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1914 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1915 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1916 * Default methods are ready for use.
1917 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1918 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1919 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1920 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1922 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1923 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1925 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1926 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1927 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1928 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1929 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1930 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1931 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1932 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1933 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1934 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1935 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1936 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1937 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1938 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1939 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1940 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1941 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1942 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1943 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1944 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1945 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1946 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1947 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1948 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1949 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1950 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1951 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1952 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1953 prefixes (default: allow).
1954 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1955 `std::unstable::simd`.
1956 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1957 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1958 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1959 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1960 extension) to stdout.
1961 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1962 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1963 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1964 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1965 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1967 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1968 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1969 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1973 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1974 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1976 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1977 `uint::range` and friends.
1978 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1979 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1980 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1981 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1982 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1983 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1984 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1985 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1987 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1988 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1990 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1992 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1993 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1995 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1996 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1997 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1998 no longer function pointers.
1999 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2000 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2001 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2003 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2004 is required in implementations.
2005 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2006 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2007 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2008 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2009 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2010 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2012 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2013 sense in the new scheduler design.
2014 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2016 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2017 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2018 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2019 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2020 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2021 default implementations.
2022 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2023 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2024 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2025 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2026 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2027 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2028 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2029 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2030 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2031 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2032 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2033 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2034 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2035 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2036 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2037 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2038 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2039 * extra: `par` module removed.
2040 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2041 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2044 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2045 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2046 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2047 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2048 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2049 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2050 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2052 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2053 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2054 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2055 * All tools have man pages.
2056 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2057 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2058 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2059 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2060 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2061 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2064 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2065 =======================
2067 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2070 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2072 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2073 many bugs and inconveniences.
2074 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2075 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2076 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2077 removed due to bugs.
2078 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2079 so they compose better.
2080 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2081 * Trait default methods work more often.
2082 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2083 no padding between fields.
2084 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2086 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2087 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2088 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2089 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2090 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2091 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2092 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2094 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2096 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2097 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2098 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2099 are never implicitly copyable.
2100 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2101 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2102 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2105 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2107 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2108 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2110 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2111 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2114 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2115 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2116 * More and improved documentation.
2117 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2118 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2119 implementations of `Iterator`.
2120 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2121 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2122 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2123 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2124 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2125 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2126 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2127 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2128 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2129 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2130 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2131 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2132 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2133 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2134 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2135 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2136 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2137 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2138 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2139 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2140 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2141 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2142 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2143 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2144 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2145 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2146 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2147 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2148 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2149 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2150 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2151 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2152 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2153 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2154 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2155 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2156 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2157 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2160 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2161 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2163 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2165 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2166 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2167 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2168 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2169 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2170 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2171 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2172 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2173 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2174 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2175 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2176 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2177 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2178 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2181 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2182 ========================
2184 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2187 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2188 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2189 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2190 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2191 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2192 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2193 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2194 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2195 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2196 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2197 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2198 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2199 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2200 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2201 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2202 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2203 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2204 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2205 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2206 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2207 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2208 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2209 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2210 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2211 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2212 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2213 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2214 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2215 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2216 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2217 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2218 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2219 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2220 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2221 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2222 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2223 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2224 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2225 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2226 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2229 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2230 eliminating the `move` keyword
2231 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2232 * &mut is now unaliasable
2233 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2235 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2236 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2237 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2238 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2239 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2240 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2241 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2242 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2243 * Structural records have been removed
2244 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2245 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2246 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2247 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2248 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2249 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2250 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2253 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2254 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2255 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2256 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2257 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2258 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2259 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2260 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2261 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2262 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2263 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2264 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2265 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2266 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2267 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2268 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2269 by certain container types
2272 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2273 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2274 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2275 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2276 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2277 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2278 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2279 * Various memory usage improvements
2280 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2281 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2284 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2285 ===========================
2287 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2290 * Removed `<-` move operator
2291 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2292 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2293 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2294 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2295 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2296 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2297 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2298 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2299 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2302 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2303 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2304 * Enum variants may be structs
2305 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2306 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2307 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2308 without writing `move` explicitly
2309 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2310 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2311 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2312 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2313 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2316 * Improved support for language features
2317 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2318 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2319 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2320 * Static methods work in more situations
2321 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2325 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2326 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2327 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2328 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2329 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2330 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2331 * Moved futures to `std`
2332 * More functions are pure now
2333 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2334 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2337 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2338 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2341 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2342 ==========================
2344 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2347 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2348 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2349 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2350 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2351 * Explicit method self types
2352 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2353 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2354 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2355 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2356 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2357 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2358 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2361 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2362 * Trait methods may be static
2363 * Argument modes are deprecated
2364 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2365 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2366 * Typestate was removed
2367 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2368 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2371 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2373 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2374 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2375 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2378 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2379 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2380 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2382 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2383 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2384 * More robust linked task failure
2385 * Improved task builder API
2388 * Improved error reporting
2389 * Preliminary JIT support
2390 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2391 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2392 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2393 Rust-based (visitor) code
2394 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2397 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2398 ========================
2400 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2402 * New coding conveniences
2403 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2404 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2405 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2406 * Documentation comments
2407 * More compact closure syntax
2408 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2410 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2413 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2414 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2416 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2417 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2418 * Extensive work on region pointers
2420 * Experimental new language features
2421 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2422 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2423 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2424 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2425 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2426 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2430 * Removal of various obsolete features
2431 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2432 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2434 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2435 resources (replaced by destructors)
2437 * Compiler reorganization
2438 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2439 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2440 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2443 * New time functions
2444 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2445 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2446 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2447 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2448 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2449 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2450 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2453 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2456 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2457 =========================
2459 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2461 * New docs and doc tooling
2463 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2465 * Compilation model enhancements
2466 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2467 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2469 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2470 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2471 * Explicit schedulers
2475 * Experimental new language features
2476 * Operator overloading
2480 * Various language extensions
2481 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2482 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2483 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2484 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2485 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2486 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2487 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2490 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2491 * Revived libuv interface
2492 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2493 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2494 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2497 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2498 ===============================
2500 * Most language features work, including:
2501 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2502 * Interface-constrained generics
2503 * Static interface dispatch
2505 * Multithread task scheduling
2506 * Typestate predicates
2507 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2508 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2509 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2510 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2512 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2513 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2514 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2515 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2517 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2519 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2523 * Documentation is incomplete.
2525 * Performance is below intended target.
2527 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2529 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will