1 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
2 ----------------------------------
4 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
8 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
9 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
10 before the final release.
11 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
12 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
14 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
15 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
16 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
17 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
18 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
19 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
20 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
21 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
22 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more guides, more
23 API coverage and more examples.
24 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
29 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
30 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
31 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
32 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
33 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
34 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
35 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
37 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
38 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
39 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
41 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
43 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
44 supports OS threads, not green threads.
45 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
46 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
47 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
49 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
50 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
51 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
53 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
54 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
56 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
57 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
58 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
59 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
60 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
61 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
62 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
63 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
64 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
65 library types unknown to the compiler).
66 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
67 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
68 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
70 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
71 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
73 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
74 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
75 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
76 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
77 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
79 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
80 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
81 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
82 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
83 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
84 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
85 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
86 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
87 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
88 unboxed closures to work.
89 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
90 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
91 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
92 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
93 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
94 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
96 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
97 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
99 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
100 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
101 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
102 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
103 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
104 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
105 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
109 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
110 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
111 improvements throughout the standard library.
112 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
113 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
114 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
115 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
116 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
117 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
118 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
119 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
120 syscall when available.
121 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
122 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
123 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
124 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
125 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
126 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
127 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
128 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
129 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
130 represented as strings.
134 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
135 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
137 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
138 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
139 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
140 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
145 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
146 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
147 space than the inner types themselves.
148 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
150 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
151 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
152 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
153 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
154 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
155 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
156 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
157 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
158 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
159 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
160 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
161 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
162 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
163 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
164 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
165 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
166 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
167 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
168 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
169 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
170 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
171 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
172 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
173 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
174 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
175 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
176 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
177 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
178 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
179 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
180 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
181 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
183 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
184 -----------------------------
186 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
190 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
191 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
193 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
194 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
195 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
196 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
197 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
198 stabilization progress.
199 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
200 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
201 be installed with Cargo.
202 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
203 function declarations in many common scenarios.
204 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
207 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
209 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
210 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
211 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
212 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
213 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
214 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
215 impossible with the existing syntax.
216 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
217 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
218 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
219 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
220 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
221 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
222 potential additional uses of the syntax.
223 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
224 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
226 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
227 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
228 gate and may be removed in the future.
229 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
230 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
232 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
233 is handled by the package manager.
234 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
235 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
236 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
238 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
240 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
241 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
242 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
243 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
244 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
245 that capture by value.
246 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
247 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
248 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
249 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
251 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
252 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
254 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
255 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
256 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
257 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
258 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
259 (`[T]`) and trait types.
260 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
261 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
263 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
264 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
265 revisited in the future.
268 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
269 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
270 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
271 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
273 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
275 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
276 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
277 `Timespec` arithmetic.
278 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
279 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
280 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
281 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
282 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
283 idiomatic and efficient design.
286 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
287 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
288 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
289 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
290 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
291 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
292 package manager for versioning.
293 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
294 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
295 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
296 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
297 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
301 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
302 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
303 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
305 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
306 -------------------------
308 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
311 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
313 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
315 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
317 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
318 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
319 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
320 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
321 instead of any integral type.
322 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
323 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
324 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
325 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
326 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
327 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
328 is still provided by a library implementation.
329 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
330 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
331 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
332 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
333 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
334 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
335 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
336 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
337 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
338 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
339 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
340 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
341 if, while, match, and for..in.
342 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
344 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
345 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
346 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
348 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
349 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
352 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
353 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
354 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
356 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
357 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
358 kernel development for example.
359 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
360 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
361 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
362 better error messages.
363 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
364 around the Result type.
365 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
367 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
368 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
369 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
370 their forward-iteration counterparts.
371 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
372 management of bit flags.
373 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
374 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
375 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
376 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
377 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
378 to being based on methods.
379 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
380 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
381 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
382 and sized deallocation
383 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
384 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
386 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
387 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
388 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
390 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
391 an external libdebug crate.
392 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
393 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
394 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
395 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
397 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
398 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
401 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
402 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
403 discovery of breaking changes.
404 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
405 lifetime-related error occurs.
406 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
407 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
408 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
409 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
410 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
411 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
412 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
413 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
414 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
415 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
416 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
417 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
418 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
419 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
420 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
421 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
422 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
423 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
424 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
426 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
427 sharing rust code examples on-line.
428 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
429 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
430 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
431 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
432 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
433 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
434 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
437 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
438 -------------------------
440 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
443 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
444 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
445 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
447 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
449 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
450 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
451 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
452 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
453 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
454 reference counting have been removed.
455 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
456 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
457 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
458 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
459 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
460 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
462 * Unnecessary parentheses
465 * Uppercase variables
466 * Publicly visible private types
467 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
468 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
469 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
470 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
471 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
472 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
473 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
474 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
475 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
476 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
477 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
478 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
479 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
481 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
482 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
483 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
484 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
486 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
487 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
488 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
489 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
491 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
492 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
493 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
496 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
497 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
498 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
499 documentation index page.
500 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
501 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
502 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
503 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
504 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
505 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
506 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
507 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
508 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
509 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
510 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
511 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
512 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
513 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
514 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
515 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
516 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
517 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
518 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
519 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
520 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
521 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
522 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
523 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
524 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
525 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
526 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
527 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
528 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
529 still implement the function.
530 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
531 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
532 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
533 print them in exponential notation.
534 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
535 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
536 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
537 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
538 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
539 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
540 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
541 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
542 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
543 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
544 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
545 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
546 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
547 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
548 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
549 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
550 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
551 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
553 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
554 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
556 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
557 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
558 and various trimming of code.
559 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
560 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
561 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
562 dropping redundant functionality.
563 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
564 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
565 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
566 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
568 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
569 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
573 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
574 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
575 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
576 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
578 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
580 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
581 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
582 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
583 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
584 android much more reliable.
585 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
586 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
587 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
588 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
589 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
590 function to fix the error.
591 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
593 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
594 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
595 * render standalone markdown files.
596 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
597 * exported macros are displayed.
598 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
600 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
603 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
604 --------------------------
606 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
609 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
610 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
611 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
612 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
613 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
614 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
615 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
616 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
618 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
619 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
620 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
621 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
623 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
624 * `@fn`s have been removed.
625 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
627 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
628 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
629 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
630 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
631 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
632 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
633 terminated with a semicolon.
634 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
635 no longer has any special meaning.
636 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
637 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
638 `print!` and `println!`.
639 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
640 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
641 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
642 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
643 * Macros can have attributes.
644 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
645 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
646 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
647 * Comments may be nested.
648 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
650 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
651 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
652 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
653 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
654 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
655 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
656 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
657 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
658 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
659 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
660 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
661 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
662 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
663 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
664 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
665 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
666 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
668 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
669 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
670 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
672 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
674 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
675 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
676 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
677 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
678 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
679 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
680 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
681 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
682 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
683 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
684 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
685 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
686 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
689 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
690 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
691 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
692 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
693 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
695 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
696 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
697 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
698 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
699 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
700 just a wrapper around it).
701 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
702 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
703 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
704 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
705 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
706 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
707 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
708 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
709 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
710 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
711 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
712 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
713 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
714 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
715 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
716 if the index is out of bounds.
717 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
718 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
719 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
720 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
722 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
724 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
725 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
726 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
727 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
729 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
730 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
731 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
732 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
733 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
734 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
735 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
736 embedded environments.
737 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
738 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
740 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
741 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
742 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
744 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
746 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
747 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
748 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
749 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
750 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
751 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
755 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
757 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
758 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
759 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
760 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
761 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
762 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
763 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
764 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
765 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
768 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
769 --------------------------
771 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
774 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
775 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
776 * Default methods are ready for use.
777 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
778 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
779 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
780 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
782 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
783 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
785 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
786 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
787 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
788 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
789 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
790 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
791 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
792 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
793 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
794 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
795 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
796 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
797 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
798 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
799 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
800 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
801 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
802 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
803 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
804 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
805 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
806 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
807 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
808 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
809 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
810 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
811 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
812 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
813 prefixes (default: allow).
814 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
815 `std::unstable::simd`.
816 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
817 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
818 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
819 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
820 extension) to stdout.
821 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
822 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
823 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
824 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
825 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
827 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
828 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
829 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
833 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
834 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
836 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
837 `uint::range` and friends.
838 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
839 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
840 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
841 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
842 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
843 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
844 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
845 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
847 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
848 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
850 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
852 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
853 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
855 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
856 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
857 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
858 no longer function pointers.
859 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
860 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
861 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
863 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
864 is required in implementations.
865 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
866 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
867 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
868 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
869 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
870 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
872 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
873 sense in the new scheduler design.
874 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
876 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
877 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
878 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
879 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
880 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
881 default implementations.
882 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
883 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
884 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
885 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
886 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
887 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
888 * extra: `rope` was removed.
889 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
890 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
891 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
892 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
893 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
894 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
895 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
896 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
897 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
898 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
899 * extra: `par` module removed.
900 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
901 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
904 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
905 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
906 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
907 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
908 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
909 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
910 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
912 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
913 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
914 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
915 * All tools have man pages.
916 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
917 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
918 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
919 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
920 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
921 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
923 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
924 -----------------------
926 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
929 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
931 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
932 many bugs and inconveniences.
933 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
934 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
935 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
937 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
938 so they compose better.
939 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
940 * Trait default methods work more often.
941 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
942 no padding between fields.
943 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
945 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
946 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
947 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
948 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
949 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
950 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
951 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
953 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
955 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
956 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
957 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
958 are never implicitly copyable.
959 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
960 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
961 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
964 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
966 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
967 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
969 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
970 and unsuffixed integer literals.
973 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
974 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
975 * More and improved documentation.
976 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
977 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
978 implementations of `Iterator`.
979 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
980 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
981 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
982 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
983 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
984 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
985 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
986 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
987 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
988 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
989 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
990 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
991 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
992 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
993 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
994 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
995 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
996 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
997 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
998 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
999 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1000 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1001 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1002 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1003 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1004 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1005 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1006 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1007 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1008 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1009 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1010 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1011 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1012 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1013 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1014 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1015 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1016 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1019 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1020 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1022 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1024 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1025 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1026 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1027 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1028 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1029 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1030 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1031 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1032 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1033 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1034 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1035 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1036 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1037 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1039 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1040 ------------------------
1042 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1045 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1046 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1047 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1048 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1049 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1050 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1051 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1052 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1053 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1054 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1055 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1056 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1057 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1058 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1059 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1060 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1061 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1062 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1063 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1064 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1065 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1066 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1067 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1068 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1069 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1070 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1071 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1072 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1073 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1074 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1075 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1076 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1077 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1078 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1079 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1080 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1081 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1082 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1083 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1084 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1087 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1088 eliminating the `move` keyword
1089 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1090 * &mut is now unaliasable
1091 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1093 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1094 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1095 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1096 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1097 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1098 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1099 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1100 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1101 * Structural records have been removed
1102 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1103 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1104 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1105 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1106 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1107 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1108 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1111 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1112 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1113 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1114 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1115 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1116 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1117 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1118 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1119 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1120 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1121 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1122 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1123 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1124 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1125 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1126 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1127 by certain container types
1130 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1131 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1132 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1133 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1134 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1135 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1136 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1137 * Various memory usage improvements
1138 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1139 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1141 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1142 ---------------------------
1144 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1147 * Removed `<-` move operator
1148 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1149 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1150 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1151 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1152 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1153 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1154 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1155 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1156 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1159 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1160 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1161 * Enum variants may be structs
1162 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1163 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1164 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1165 without writing `move` explicitly
1166 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1167 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1168 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1169 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1170 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1173 * Improved support for language features
1174 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1175 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1176 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1177 * Static methods work in more situations
1178 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1182 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1183 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1184 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1185 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1186 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1187 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1188 * Moved futures to `std`
1189 * More functions are pure now
1190 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1191 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1194 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1195 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1197 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1198 --------------------------
1200 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1203 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1204 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1205 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1206 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1207 * Explicit method self types
1208 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1209 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1210 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1211 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1212 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1213 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1214 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1217 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1218 * Trait methods may be static
1219 * Argument modes are deprecated
1220 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1221 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1222 * Typestate was removed
1223 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1224 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1227 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1229 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1230 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1231 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1234 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1235 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1236 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1238 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1239 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1240 * More robust linked task failure
1241 * Improved task builder API
1244 * Improved error reporting
1245 * Preliminary JIT support
1246 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1247 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1248 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1249 Rust-based (visitor) code
1250 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1252 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1253 ------------------------
1255 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1257 * New coding conveniences
1258 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1259 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1260 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1261 * Documentation comments
1262 * More compact closure syntax
1263 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1265 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1268 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1269 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1271 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1272 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1273 * Extensive work on region pointers
1275 * Experimental new language features
1276 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1277 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1278 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1279 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1280 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1281 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1285 * Removal of various obsolete features
1286 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1287 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1289 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1290 resources (replaced by destructors)
1292 * Compiler reorganization
1293 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1294 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1295 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1298 * New time functions
1299 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1300 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1301 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1302 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1303 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1304 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1305 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1308 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1310 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1311 -------------------------
1313 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1315 * New docs and doc tooling
1317 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1319 * Compilation model enhancements
1320 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1321 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1323 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1324 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1325 * Explicit schedulers
1329 * Experimental new language features
1330 * Operator overloading
1334 * Various language extensions
1335 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1336 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1337 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1338 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1339 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1340 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1341 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1344 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1345 * Revived libuv interface
1346 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1347 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1348 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1350 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1351 -------------------------------
1353 * Most language features work, including:
1354 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1355 * Interface-constrained generics
1356 * Static interface dispatch
1358 * Multithread task scheduling
1359 * Typestate predicates
1360 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1361 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1362 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1363 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1365 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1366 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1367 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1368 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1370 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1372 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1376 * Documentation is incomplete.
1378 * Performance is below intended target.
1380 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1382 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will