1 Version 1.1.0 (July 2015)
2 ========================
4 * NNNN changes, numerous bugfixes
9 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs-expand] to expand the set of
10 functionality exposed:
11 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
12 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
13 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
14 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
15 access to all underlying information.
17 [fs-expand]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25844
19 Version 1.0.0 (May 2015)
20 ========================
22 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
27 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
28 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
30 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
32 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
38 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
39 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
40 without breaking downstream code.
41 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
42 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
43 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
44 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
45 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
47 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
48 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
49 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
50 to underscore for the crate name.
51 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
52 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
53 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
55 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
56 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
57 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
58 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
59 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
60 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
61 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
62 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
63 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
64 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
65 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
66 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
67 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
68 arguments except in minor ways.
69 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
70 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
76 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
77 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
79 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
80 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
81 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
82 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
83 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
84 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
85 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
86 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
87 number of 'splits'][spl].
88 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
89 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
90 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
91 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
92 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
94 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
96 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
98 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
99 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
100 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
102 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
103 was the major library focus for this cycle.
104 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
105 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
106 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
107 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
109 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
110 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
111 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
112 many existing ad hoc traits.
113 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
114 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
115 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
116 hierarchy in the future.
117 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
118 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
119 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
120 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
121 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
122 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
123 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
128 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
129 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
130 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
132 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
134 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
135 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
136 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
139 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
140 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
141 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
142 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
143 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
144 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
145 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
146 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
147 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
148 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
149 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
150 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
151 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
152 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
153 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
154 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
155 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
156 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
157 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
158 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
159 [scoped]: http://static.rust-lang.org/doc/master/std/thread/fn.scoped.html
160 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
161 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
162 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
163 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
164 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
165 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
166 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
167 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
168 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
169 [debug-builder]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0640-debug-improvements.md
170 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
171 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
172 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
173 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
174 [fundamental]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1023
175 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
176 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
177 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
178 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
179 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
182 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
183 =====================================
185 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
189 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
190 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
191 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
193 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
194 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
195 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
196 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
200 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
201 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
202 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
203 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
204 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
205 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
206 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
207 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
208 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
209 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
210 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
211 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
212 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
213 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
214 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
215 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
216 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
217 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
218 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
219 from references to vectors into references to
220 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
221 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
222 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
223 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
227 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
228 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
229 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
230 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
231 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
232 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
233 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
234 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
235 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
236 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
237 creating raw pointers.
241 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
242 are now [split neatly across multiple
243 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
244 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
245 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
246 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
247 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
248 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
253 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
254 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
256 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
257 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
258 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
259 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
260 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
261 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
262 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
263 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
264 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
265 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
266 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
267 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
268 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
269 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
270 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
271 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
272 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
273 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
274 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
275 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
276 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
277 [ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21077
278 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
279 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
282 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
283 ==================================
285 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
289 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
290 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
291 before the final release.
292 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
293 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
295 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
296 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
297 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
298 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
299 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
300 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
301 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
302 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
303 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
304 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
305 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
306 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
307 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
308 Rust package manager.
312 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
313 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
314 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
315 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
316 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
317 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
318 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
320 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
321 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
322 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
324 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
326 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
327 supports OS threads, not green threads.
328 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
329 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
330 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
332 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
333 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
334 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
336 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
337 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
339 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
340 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
341 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
342 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
343 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
344 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
345 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
346 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
347 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
348 library types unknown to the compiler).
349 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
350 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
351 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
352 compared with `&str`.
353 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
354 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
355 characters][unicode].
356 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
357 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
358 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
359 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
360 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
362 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
363 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
364 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
365 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
366 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
367 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
368 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
369 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
370 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
371 unboxed closures to work.
372 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
373 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
374 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
375 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
376 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
377 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
379 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
380 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
381 conventions][derive].
382 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
383 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
384 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
385 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
386 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
387 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
388 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
392 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
393 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
394 improvements throughout the standard library.
395 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
396 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
397 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
398 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
399 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
400 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
401 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
402 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
403 syscall when available.
404 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
405 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
406 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
407 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
408 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
409 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
410 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
411 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
412 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
413 represented as strings.
417 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
418 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
420 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
421 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
422 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
423 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
428 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
429 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
430 space than the inner types themselves.
431 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
433 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
434 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
435 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
436 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
437 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
438 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
439 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
440 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
441 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
442 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
443 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
444 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
445 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
446 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
447 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
448 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
449 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
450 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
451 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
452 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
453 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
454 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
455 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
456 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
457 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
458 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
459 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
460 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
461 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
462 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
463 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
464 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
465 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
466 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
469 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
470 =============================
472 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
476 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
477 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
479 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
480 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
481 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
482 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
483 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
484 stabilization progress.
485 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
486 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
487 be installed with Cargo.
488 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
489 function declarations in many common scenarios.
490 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
493 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
495 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
496 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
497 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
498 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
499 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
500 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
501 impossible with the existing syntax.
502 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
503 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
504 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
505 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
506 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
507 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
508 potential additional uses of the syntax.
509 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
510 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
512 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
513 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
514 gate and may be removed in the future.
515 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
516 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
518 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
519 is handled by the package manager.
520 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
521 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
522 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
524 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
526 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
527 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
528 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
529 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
530 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
531 that capture by value.
532 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
533 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
534 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
535 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
537 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
538 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
540 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
541 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
542 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
543 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
544 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
545 (`[T]`) and trait types.
546 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
547 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
549 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
550 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
551 revisited in the future.
554 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
555 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
556 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
557 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
559 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
561 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
562 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
563 `Timespec` arithmetic.
564 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
565 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
566 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
567 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
568 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
569 idiomatic and efficient design.
572 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
573 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
574 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
575 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
576 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
577 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
578 package manager for versioning.
579 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
580 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
581 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
582 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
583 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
587 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
588 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
589 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
592 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
593 ==========================
595 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
598 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
600 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
602 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
604 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
605 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
606 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
607 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
608 instead of any integral type.
609 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
610 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
611 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
612 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
613 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
614 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
615 is still provided by a library implementation.
616 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
617 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
618 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
619 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
620 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
621 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
622 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
623 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
624 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
625 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
626 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
627 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
628 if, while, match, and for..in.
629 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
631 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
632 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
633 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
635 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
636 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
639 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
640 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
641 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
643 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
644 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
645 kernel development for example.
646 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
647 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
648 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
649 better error messages.
650 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
651 around the Result type.
652 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
654 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
655 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
656 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
657 their forward-iteration counterparts.
658 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
659 management of bit flags.
660 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
661 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
662 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
663 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
664 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
665 to being based on methods.
666 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
667 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
668 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
669 and sized deallocation
670 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
671 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
673 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
674 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
675 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
677 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
678 an external libdebug crate.
679 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
680 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
681 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
682 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
684 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
685 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
688 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
689 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
690 discovery of breaking changes.
691 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
692 lifetime-related error occurs.
693 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
694 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
695 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
696 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
697 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
698 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
699 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
700 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
701 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
702 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
703 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
704 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
705 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
706 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
707 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
708 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
709 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
710 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
711 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
713 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
714 sharing rust code examples on-line.
715 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
716 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
717 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
718 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
719 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
720 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
721 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
725 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
726 =========================
728 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
731 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
732 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
733 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
735 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
737 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
738 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
739 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
740 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
741 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
742 reference counting have been removed.
743 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
744 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
745 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
746 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
747 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
748 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
750 * Unnecessary parentheses
753 * Uppercase variables
754 * Publicly visible private types
755 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
756 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
757 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
758 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
759 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
760 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
761 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
762 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
763 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
764 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
765 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
766 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
767 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
769 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
770 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
771 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
772 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
774 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
775 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
776 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
777 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
779 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
780 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
781 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
784 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
785 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
786 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
787 documentation index page.
788 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
789 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
790 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
791 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
792 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
793 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
794 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
795 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
796 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
797 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
798 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
799 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
800 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
801 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
802 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
803 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
804 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
805 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
806 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
807 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
808 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
809 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
810 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
811 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
812 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
813 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
814 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
815 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
816 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
817 still implement the function.
818 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
819 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
820 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
821 print them in exponential notation.
822 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
823 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
824 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
825 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
826 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
827 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
828 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
829 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
830 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
831 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
832 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
833 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
834 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
835 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
836 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
837 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
838 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
839 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
841 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
842 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
844 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
845 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
846 and various trimming of code.
847 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
848 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
849 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
850 dropping redundant functionality.
851 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
852 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
853 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
854 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
856 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
857 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
861 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
862 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
863 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
864 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
866 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
868 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
869 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
870 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
871 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
872 android much more reliable.
873 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
874 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
875 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
876 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
877 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
878 function to fix the error.
879 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
881 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
882 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
883 * render standalone markdown files.
884 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
885 * exported macros are displayed.
886 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
888 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
892 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
893 ==========================
895 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
898 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
899 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
900 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
901 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
902 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
903 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
904 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
905 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
907 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
908 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
909 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
910 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
912 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
913 * `@fn`s have been removed.
914 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
916 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
917 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
918 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
919 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
920 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
921 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
922 terminated with a semicolon.
923 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
924 no longer has any special meaning.
925 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
926 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
927 `print!` and `println!`.
928 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
929 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
930 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
931 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
932 * Macros can have attributes.
933 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
934 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
935 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
936 * Comments may be nested.
937 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
939 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
940 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
941 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
942 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
943 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
944 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
945 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
946 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
947 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
948 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
949 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
950 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
951 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
952 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
953 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
954 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
955 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
957 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
958 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
959 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
961 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
963 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
964 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
965 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
966 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
967 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
968 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
969 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
970 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
971 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
972 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
973 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
974 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
975 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
978 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
979 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
980 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
981 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
982 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
984 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
985 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
986 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
987 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
988 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
989 just a wrapper around it).
990 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
991 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
992 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
993 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
994 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
995 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
996 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
997 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
998 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
999 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
1000 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
1001 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
1002 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
1003 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
1004 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
1005 if the index is out of bounds.
1006 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
1007 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
1008 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
1009 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
1011 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
1013 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
1014 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
1015 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
1016 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1018 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1019 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1020 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1021 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1022 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1023 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1024 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1025 embedded environments.
1026 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1027 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1029 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1030 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1031 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1033 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1035 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1036 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1037 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1038 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1039 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1040 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1044 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1046 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1047 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1048 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1049 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1050 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1051 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1052 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1053 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1054 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1058 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
1059 ============================
1061 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1064 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1065 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1066 * Default methods are ready for use.
1067 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1068 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1069 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1070 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1072 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1073 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1075 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1076 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1077 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1078 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1079 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1080 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1081 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1082 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1083 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1084 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1085 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1086 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1087 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1088 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1089 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1090 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1091 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1092 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1093 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1094 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1095 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1096 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1097 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1098 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1099 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1100 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1101 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1102 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1103 prefixes (default: allow).
1104 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1105 `std::unstable::simd`.
1106 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1107 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1108 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1109 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1110 extension) to stdout.
1111 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1112 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1113 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1114 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1115 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1117 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1118 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1119 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1123 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1124 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1126 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1127 `uint::range` and friends.
1128 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1129 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1130 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1131 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1132 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1133 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1134 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1135 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1137 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1138 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1140 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1142 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1143 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1145 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1146 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1147 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1148 no longer function pointers.
1149 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1150 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1151 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1153 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1154 is required in implementations.
1155 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1156 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1157 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1158 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1159 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1160 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1162 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1163 sense in the new scheduler design.
1164 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1166 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1167 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1168 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1169 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1170 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1171 default implementations.
1172 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1173 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1174 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1175 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1176 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1177 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1178 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1179 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1180 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1181 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1182 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1183 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1184 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1185 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1186 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1187 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1188 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1189 * extra: `par` module removed.
1190 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1191 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1194 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1195 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1196 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1197 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1198 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1199 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1200 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1202 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1203 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1204 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1205 * All tools have man pages.
1206 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1207 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1208 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1209 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1210 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1211 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1214 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1215 =======================
1217 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1220 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1222 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1223 many bugs and inconveniences.
1224 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1225 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1226 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1227 removed due to bugs.
1228 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1229 so they compose better.
1230 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1231 * Trait default methods work more often.
1232 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1233 no padding between fields.
1234 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1236 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1237 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1238 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1239 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1240 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1241 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1242 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1244 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1246 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1247 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1248 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1249 are never implicitly copyable.
1250 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1251 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1252 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1255 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1257 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1258 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1260 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1261 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1264 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1265 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1266 * More and improved documentation.
1267 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1268 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1269 implementations of `Iterator`.
1270 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1271 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1272 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1273 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1274 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1275 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1276 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1277 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1278 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1279 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1280 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1281 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1282 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1283 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1284 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1285 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1286 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1287 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1288 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1289 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1290 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1291 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1292 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1293 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1294 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1295 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1296 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1297 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1298 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1299 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1300 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1301 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1302 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1303 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1304 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1305 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1306 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1307 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1310 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1311 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1313 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1315 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1316 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1317 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1318 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1319 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1320 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1321 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1322 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1323 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1324 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1325 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1326 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1327 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1328 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1331 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1332 ========================
1334 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1337 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1338 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1339 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1340 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1341 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1342 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1343 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1344 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1345 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1346 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1347 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1348 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1349 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1350 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1351 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1352 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1353 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1354 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1355 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1356 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1357 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1358 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1359 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1360 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1361 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1362 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1363 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1364 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1365 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1366 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1367 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1368 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1369 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1370 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1371 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1372 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1373 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1374 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1375 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1376 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1379 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1380 eliminating the `move` keyword
1381 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1382 * &mut is now unaliasable
1383 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1385 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1386 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1387 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1388 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1389 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1390 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1391 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1392 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1393 * Structural records have been removed
1394 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1395 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1396 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1397 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1398 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1399 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1400 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1403 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1404 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1405 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1406 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1407 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1408 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1409 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1410 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1411 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1412 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1413 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1414 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1415 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1416 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1417 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1418 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1419 by certain container types
1422 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1423 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1424 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1425 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1426 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1427 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1428 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1429 * Various memory usage improvements
1430 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1431 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1434 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1435 ===========================
1437 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1440 * Removed `<-` move operator
1441 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1442 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1443 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1444 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1445 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1446 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1447 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1448 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1449 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1452 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1453 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1454 * Enum variants may be structs
1455 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1456 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1457 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1458 without writing `move` explicitly
1459 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1460 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1461 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1462 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1463 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1466 * Improved support for language features
1467 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1468 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1469 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1470 * Static methods work in more situations
1471 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1475 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1476 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1477 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1478 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1479 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1480 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1481 * Moved futures to `std`
1482 * More functions are pure now
1483 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1484 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1487 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1488 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1491 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1492 ==========================
1494 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1497 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1498 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1499 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1500 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1501 * Explicit method self types
1502 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1503 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1504 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1505 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1506 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1507 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1508 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1511 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1512 * Trait methods may be static
1513 * Argument modes are deprecated
1514 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1515 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1516 * Typestate was removed
1517 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1518 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1521 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1523 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1524 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1525 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1528 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1529 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1530 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1532 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1533 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1534 * More robust linked task failure
1535 * Improved task builder API
1538 * Improved error reporting
1539 * Preliminary JIT support
1540 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1541 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1542 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1543 Rust-based (visitor) code
1544 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1547 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1548 ========================
1550 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1552 * New coding conveniences
1553 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1554 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1555 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1556 * Documentation comments
1557 * More compact closure syntax
1558 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1560 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1563 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1564 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1566 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1567 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1568 * Extensive work on region pointers
1570 * Experimental new language features
1571 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1572 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1573 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1574 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1575 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1576 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1580 * Removal of various obsolete features
1581 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1582 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1584 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1585 resources (replaced by destructors)
1587 * Compiler reorganization
1588 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1589 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1590 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1593 * New time functions
1594 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1595 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1596 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1597 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1598 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1599 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1600 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1603 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1606 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1607 =========================
1609 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1611 * New docs and doc tooling
1613 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1615 * Compilation model enhancements
1616 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1617 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1619 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1620 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1621 * Explicit schedulers
1625 * Experimental new language features
1626 * Operator overloading
1630 * Various language extensions
1631 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1632 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1633 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1634 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1635 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1636 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1637 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1640 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1641 * Revived libuv interface
1642 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1643 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1644 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1647 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1648 ===============================
1650 * Most language features work, including:
1651 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1652 * Interface-constrained generics
1653 * Static interface dispatch
1655 * Multithread task scheduling
1656 * Typestate predicates
1657 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1658 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1659 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1660 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1662 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1663 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1664 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1665 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1667 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1669 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1673 * Documentation is incomplete.
1675 * Performance is below intended target.
1677 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1679 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
projects / rust.git / blob