1 Version 1.0.0 (May 2015)
2 ========================
4 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
9 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
10 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
12 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
14 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
20 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
21 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
22 without breaking downsteam code.
23 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
24 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
25 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
26 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
27 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
29 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
30 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
31 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
32 to underscore for the crate name.
33 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
34 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
35 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
37 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
38 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
39 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
40 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
41 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
42 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
43 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
44 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
45 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
46 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
47 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
48 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
49 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
50 arguments except in minor ways.
51 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
52 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
58 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
59 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
61 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
62 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
63 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
64 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
65 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
66 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
67 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
68 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
69 number of 'splits'][spl].
70 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
71 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
72 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
73 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
74 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
76 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
78 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
80 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
81 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
82 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
84 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
85 was the major library focus for this cycle.
86 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
87 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
88 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
89 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
91 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
92 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
93 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
94 many existing ad hoc traits.
95 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
96 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
97 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
98 hierarchy in the future.
99 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
100 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
101 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
102 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
103 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
104 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
105 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
110 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
111 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
112 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
114 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
116 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
117 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
118 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
121 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
122 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
123 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
124 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
125 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
126 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
127 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
128 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
129 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
130 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
131 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
132 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
133 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
134 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
135 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
136 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
137 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
138 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
139 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
140 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
141 [scoped]: http://static.rust-lang.org/doc/master/std/thread/fn.scoped.html
142 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
143 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
144 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
145 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
146 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
147 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
148 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
149 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
150 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
151 [debug-builder]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0640-debug-improvements.md
152 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
153 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
154 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
155 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
156 [fundamental]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1023
157 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
158 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
159 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
160 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
161 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
164 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
165 =====================================
167 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
171 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
172 unncessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
173 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
175 * The standard library now [partipates in feature gating][feat],
176 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
177 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
178 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
182 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
183 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
184 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
185 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
186 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
187 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
188 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
189 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
190 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
191 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
192 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
193 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
194 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
195 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
196 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
197 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
198 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
199 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
200 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
201 from references to vectors into references to
202 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
203 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
204 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
205 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
209 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
210 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
211 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
212 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
213 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
214 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
215 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
216 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
217 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
218 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
219 creating raw pointers.
223 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
224 are now [split neatly across multiple
225 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
226 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
227 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
228 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
229 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
230 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
235 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
236 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
238 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
239 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
240 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
241 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
242 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
243 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
244 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
245 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
246 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
247 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
248 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
249 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
250 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
251 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
252 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
253 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
254 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
255 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
256 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
257 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
258 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
259 [ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21077
260 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
261 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
264 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
265 ==================================
267 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
271 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
272 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
273 before the final release.
274 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
275 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
277 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
278 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
279 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
280 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
281 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
282 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
283 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
284 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
285 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
286 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
287 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
288 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
289 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
290 Rust package manager.
294 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
295 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
296 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
297 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
298 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
299 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
300 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
302 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
303 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
304 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
306 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
308 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
309 supports OS threads, not green threads.
310 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
311 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
312 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
314 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
315 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
316 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
318 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
319 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
321 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
322 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
323 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
324 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
325 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
326 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
327 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
328 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
329 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
330 library types unknown to the compiler).
331 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
332 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
333 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
334 compared with `&str`.
335 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
336 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
337 characters][unicode].
338 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
339 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
340 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
341 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
342 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
344 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
345 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
346 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
347 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
348 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
349 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
350 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
351 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
352 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
353 unboxed closures to work.
354 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
355 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
356 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
357 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
358 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
359 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
361 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
362 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
363 conventions][derive].
364 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
365 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
366 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
367 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
368 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
369 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
370 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
374 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
375 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
376 improvements throughout the standard library.
377 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
378 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
379 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
380 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
381 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
382 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
383 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
384 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
385 syscall when available.
386 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
387 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
388 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
389 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
390 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
391 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
392 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
393 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
394 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
395 represented as strings.
399 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
400 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
402 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
403 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
404 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
405 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
410 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
411 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
412 space than the inner types themselves.
413 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
415 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
416 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
417 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
418 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
419 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
420 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
421 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
422 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
423 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
424 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
425 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
426 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
427 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
428 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
429 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
430 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
431 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
432 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
433 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
434 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
435 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
436 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
437 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
438 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
439 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
440 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
441 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
442 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
443 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
444 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
445 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
446 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
447 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
448 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
451 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
452 =============================
454 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
458 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
459 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
461 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
462 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
463 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
464 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
465 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
466 stabilization progress.
467 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
468 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
469 be installed with Cargo.
470 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
471 function declarations in many common scenarios.
472 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
475 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
477 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
478 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
479 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
480 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
481 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
482 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
483 impossible with the existing syntax.
484 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
485 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
486 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
487 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
488 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
489 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
490 potential additional uses of the syntax.
491 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
492 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
494 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
495 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
496 gate and may be removed in the future.
497 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
498 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
500 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
501 is handled by the package manager.
502 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
503 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
504 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
506 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
508 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
509 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
510 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
511 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
512 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
513 that capture by value.
514 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
515 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
516 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
517 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
519 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
520 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
522 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
523 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
524 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
525 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
526 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
527 (`[T]`) and trait types.
528 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
529 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
531 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
532 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
533 revisited in the future.
536 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
537 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
538 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
539 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
541 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
543 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
544 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
545 `Timespec` arithmetic.
546 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
547 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
548 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
549 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
550 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
551 idiomatic and efficient design.
554 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
555 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
556 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
557 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
558 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
559 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
560 package manager for versioning.
561 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
562 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
563 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
564 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
565 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
569 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
570 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
571 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
574 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
575 ==========================
577 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
580 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
582 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
584 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
586 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
587 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
588 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
589 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
590 instead of any integral type.
591 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
592 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
593 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
594 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
595 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
596 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
597 is still provided by a library implementation.
598 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
599 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
600 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
601 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
602 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
603 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
604 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
605 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
606 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
607 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
608 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
609 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
610 if, while, match, and for..in.
611 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
613 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
614 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
615 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
617 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
618 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
621 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
622 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
623 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
625 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
626 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
627 kernel development for example.
628 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
629 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
630 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
631 better error messages.
632 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
633 around the Result type.
634 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
636 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
637 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
638 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
639 their forward-iteration counterparts.
640 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
641 management of bit flags.
642 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
643 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
644 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
645 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
646 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
647 to being based on methods.
648 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
649 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
650 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
651 and sized deallocation
652 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
653 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
655 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
656 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
657 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
659 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
660 an external libdebug crate.
661 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
662 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
663 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
664 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
666 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
667 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
670 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
671 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
672 discovery of breaking changes.
673 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
674 lifetime-related error occurs.
675 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
676 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
677 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
678 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
679 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
680 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
681 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
682 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
683 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
684 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
685 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
686 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
687 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
688 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
689 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
690 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
691 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
692 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
693 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
695 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
696 sharing rust code examples on-line.
697 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
698 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
699 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
700 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
701 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
702 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
703 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
707 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
708 =========================
710 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
713 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
714 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
715 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
717 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
719 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
720 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
721 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
722 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
723 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
724 reference counting have been removed.
725 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
726 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
727 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
728 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
729 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
730 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
732 * Unnecessary parentheses
735 * Uppercase variables
736 * Publicly visible private types
737 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
738 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
739 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
740 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
741 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
742 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
743 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
744 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
745 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
746 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
747 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
748 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
749 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
751 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
752 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
753 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
754 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
756 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
757 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
758 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
759 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
761 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
762 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
763 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
766 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
767 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
768 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
769 documentation index page.
770 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
771 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
772 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
773 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
774 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
775 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
776 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
777 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
778 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
779 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
780 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
781 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
782 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
783 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
784 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
785 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
786 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
787 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
788 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
789 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
790 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
791 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
792 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
793 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
794 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
795 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
796 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
797 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
798 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
799 still implement the function.
800 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
801 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
802 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
803 print them in exponential notation.
804 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
805 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
806 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
807 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
808 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
809 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
810 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
811 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
812 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
813 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
814 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
815 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
816 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
817 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
818 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
819 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
820 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
821 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
823 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
824 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
826 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
827 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
828 and various trimming of code.
829 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
830 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
831 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
832 dropping redundant functionality.
833 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
834 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
835 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
836 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
838 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
839 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
843 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
844 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
845 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
846 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
848 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
850 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
851 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
852 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
853 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
854 android much more reliable.
855 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
856 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
857 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
858 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
859 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
860 function to fix the error.
861 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
863 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
864 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
865 * render standalone markdown files.
866 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
867 * exported macros are displayed.
868 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
870 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
874 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
875 ==========================
877 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
880 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
881 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
882 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
883 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
884 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
885 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
886 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
887 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
889 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
890 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
891 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
892 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
894 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
895 * `@fn`s have been removed.
896 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
898 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
899 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
900 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
901 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
902 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
903 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
904 terminated with a semicolon.
905 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
906 no longer has any special meaning.
907 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
908 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
909 `print!` and `println!`.
910 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
911 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
912 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
913 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
914 * Macros can have attributes.
915 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
916 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
917 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
918 * Comments may be nested.
919 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
921 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
922 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
923 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
924 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
925 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
926 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
927 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
928 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
929 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
930 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
931 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
932 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
933 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
934 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
935 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
936 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
937 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
939 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
940 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
941 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
943 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
945 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
946 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
947 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
948 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
949 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
950 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
951 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
952 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
953 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
954 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
955 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
956 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
957 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
960 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
961 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
962 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
963 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
964 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
966 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
967 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
968 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
969 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
970 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
971 just a wrapper around it).
972 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
973 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
974 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
975 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
976 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
977 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
978 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
979 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
980 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
981 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
982 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
983 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
984 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
985 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
986 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
987 if the index is out of bounds.
988 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
989 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
990 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
991 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
993 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
995 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
996 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
997 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
998 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1000 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1001 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1002 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1003 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1004 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1005 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1006 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1007 embedded environments.
1008 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1009 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1011 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1012 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1013 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1015 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1017 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1018 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1019 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1020 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1021 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1022 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1026 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1028 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1029 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1030 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1031 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1032 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1033 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1034 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1035 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1036 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1040 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
1041 ============================
1043 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1046 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1047 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1048 * Default methods are ready for use.
1049 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1050 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1051 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1052 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1054 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1055 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1057 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1058 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1059 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1060 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1061 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1062 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1063 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1064 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1065 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1066 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1067 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1068 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1069 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1070 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1071 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1072 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1073 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1074 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1075 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1076 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1077 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1078 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1079 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1080 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1081 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1082 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1083 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1084 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1085 prefixes (default: allow).
1086 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1087 `std::unstable::simd`.
1088 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1089 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1090 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1091 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1092 extension) to stdout.
1093 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1094 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1095 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1096 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1097 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1099 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1100 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1101 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1105 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1106 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1108 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1109 `uint::range` and friends.
1110 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1111 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1112 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1113 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1114 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1115 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1116 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1117 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1119 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1120 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1122 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1124 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1125 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1127 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1128 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1129 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1130 no longer function pointers.
1131 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1132 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1133 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1135 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1136 is required in implementations.
1137 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1138 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1139 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1140 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1141 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1142 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1144 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1145 sense in the new scheduler design.
1146 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1148 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1149 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1150 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1151 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1152 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1153 default implementations.
1154 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1155 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1156 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1157 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1158 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1159 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1160 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1161 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1162 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1163 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1164 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1165 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1166 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1167 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1168 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1169 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1170 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1171 * extra: `par` module removed.
1172 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1173 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1176 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1177 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1178 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1179 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1180 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1181 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1182 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1184 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1185 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1186 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1187 * All tools have man pages.
1188 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1189 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1190 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1191 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1192 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1193 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1196 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1197 =======================
1199 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1202 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1204 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1205 many bugs and inconveniences.
1206 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1207 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1208 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1209 removed due to bugs.
1210 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1211 so they compose better.
1212 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1213 * Trait default methods work more often.
1214 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1215 no padding between fields.
1216 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1218 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1219 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1220 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1221 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1222 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1223 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1224 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1226 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1228 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1229 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1230 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1231 are never implicitly copyable.
1232 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1233 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1234 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1237 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1239 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1240 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1242 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1243 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1246 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1247 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1248 * More and improved documentation.
1249 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1250 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1251 implementations of `Iterator`.
1252 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1253 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1254 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1255 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1256 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1257 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1258 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1259 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1260 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1261 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1262 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1263 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1264 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1265 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1266 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1267 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1268 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1269 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1270 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1271 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1272 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1273 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1274 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1275 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1276 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1277 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1278 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1279 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1280 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1281 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1282 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1283 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1284 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1285 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1286 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1287 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1288 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1289 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1292 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1293 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1295 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1297 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1298 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1299 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1300 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1301 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1302 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1303 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1304 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1305 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1306 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1307 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1308 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1309 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1310 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1313 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1314 ========================
1316 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1319 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1320 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1321 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1322 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1323 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1324 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1325 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1326 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1327 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1328 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1329 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1330 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1331 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1332 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1333 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1334 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1335 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1336 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1337 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1338 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1339 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1340 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1341 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1342 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1343 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1344 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1345 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1346 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1347 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1348 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1349 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1350 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1351 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1352 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1353 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1354 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1355 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1356 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1357 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1358 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1361 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1362 eliminating the `move` keyword
1363 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1364 * &mut is now unaliasable
1365 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1367 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1368 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1369 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1370 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1371 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1372 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1373 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1374 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1375 * Structural records have been removed
1376 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1377 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1378 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1379 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1380 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1381 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1382 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1385 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1386 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1387 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1388 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1389 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1390 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1391 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1392 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1393 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1394 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1395 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1396 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1397 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1398 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1399 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1400 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1401 by certain container types
1404 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1405 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1406 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1407 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1408 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1409 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1410 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1411 * Various memory usage improvements
1412 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1413 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1416 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1417 ===========================
1419 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1422 * Removed `<-` move operator
1423 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1424 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1425 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1426 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1427 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1428 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1429 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1430 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1431 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1434 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1435 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1436 * Enum variants may be structs
1437 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1438 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1439 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1440 without writing `move` explicitly
1441 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1442 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1443 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1444 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1445 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1448 * Improved support for language features
1449 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1450 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1451 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1452 * Static methods work in more situations
1453 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1457 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1458 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1459 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1460 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1461 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1462 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1463 * Moved futures to `std`
1464 * More functions are pure now
1465 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1466 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1469 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1470 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1473 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1474 ==========================
1476 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1479 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1480 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1481 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1482 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1483 * Explicit method self types
1484 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1485 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1486 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1487 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1488 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1489 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1490 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1493 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1494 * Trait methods may be static
1495 * Argument modes are deprecated
1496 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1497 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1498 * Typestate was removed
1499 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1500 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1503 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1505 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1506 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1507 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1510 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1511 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1512 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1514 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1515 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1516 * More robust linked task failure
1517 * Improved task builder API
1520 * Improved error reporting
1521 * Preliminary JIT support
1522 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1523 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1524 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1525 Rust-based (visitor) code
1526 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1529 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1530 ========================
1532 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1534 * New coding conveniences
1535 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1536 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1537 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1538 * Documentation comments
1539 * More compact closure syntax
1540 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1542 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1545 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1546 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1548 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1549 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1550 * Extensive work on region pointers
1552 * Experimental new language features
1553 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1554 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1555 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1556 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1557 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1558 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1562 * Removal of various obsolete features
1563 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1564 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1566 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1567 resources (replaced by destructors)
1569 * Compiler reorganization
1570 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1571 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1572 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1575 * New time functions
1576 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1577 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1578 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1579 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1580 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1581 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1582 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1585 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1588 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1589 =========================
1591 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1593 * New docs and doc tooling
1595 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1597 * Compilation model enhancements
1598 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1599 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1601 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1602 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1603 * Explicit schedulers
1607 * Experimental new language features
1608 * Operator overloading
1612 * Various language extensions
1613 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1614 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1615 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1616 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1617 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1618 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1619 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1622 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1623 * Revived libuv interface
1624 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1625 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1626 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1629 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1630 ===============================
1632 * Most language features work, including:
1633 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1634 * Interface-constrained generics
1635 * Static interface dispatch
1637 * Multithread task scheduling
1638 * Typestate predicates
1639 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1640 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1641 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1642 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1644 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1645 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1646 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1647 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1649 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1651 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1655 * Documentation is incomplete.
1657 * Performance is below intended target.
1659 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1661 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
projects / rust.git / blob