1 Version 1.0.0-beta (April 2015)
2 -------------------------------------
4 * ~1100 changes, numerous bugfixes
8 * The big news is that the vast majority of the standard library
9 is now `#[stable]` -- 75% of the non-deprecated API surface at
10 last count. Numerous crates are now running on stable
11 Rust. Starting with this release, it is not possible to use
12 unstable features on a stable build.
13 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now
14 [checks for overflow in debug builds][overflow].
18 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc], which made
19 possible the [`thread::scoped` API][scoped]. Scoped threads can
20 borrow data from their parent's stack frame -- safely!
21 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
23 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
24 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
25 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are
26 [considered object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension
27 traits like `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they
29 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
30 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
31 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that
32 traits like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
33 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
34 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to
35 concrete types. This helps retain the potentially-important
36 "parametricity" property: generic code cannot behave differently
37 for different type arguments except in minor ways.
38 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of
39 the [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in
41 * Trait coherence was [revised again][fundamental], this time with
42 an eye toward API evolution over time.
46 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
47 was the major library focus for this cycle.
48 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
49 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
50 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
51 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
53 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
54 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
55 * A shiny [framework for Debug implementations][debug-builder] landed.
56 This makes it possible to opt in to "pretty-printed" debugging output.
57 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
58 many existing ad hoc traits.
59 * Generic numeric traits were
60 [completely removed][num-traits]. This was made possible thanks
61 to inherent methods for primitive types, and the removal gives
62 maximal flexibility for designing a numeric hierarchy in the future.
63 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
64 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
65 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
66 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
67 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
68 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
69 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
73 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
74 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
75 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
77 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
78 [scoped]: http://static.rust-lang.org/doc/master/std/thread/fn.scoped.html
79 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
80 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
81 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
82 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
83 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
84 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
85 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
86 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
87 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
88 [debug-builder]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0640-debug-improvements.md
89 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
90 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
91 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
92 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
93 [fundamental]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1023
94 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
95 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
96 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
97 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
98 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
100 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
101 -------------------------------------
103 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
107 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
108 unncessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
109 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
111 * The standard library now [partipates in feature gating][feat],
112 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
113 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
114 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
118 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
119 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
120 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
121 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
122 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
123 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
124 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
125 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
126 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
127 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
128 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
129 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
130 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
131 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
132 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
133 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
134 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
135 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
136 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
137 from references to vectors into references to
138 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
139 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
140 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
141 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
145 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
146 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
147 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
148 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
149 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
150 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
151 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
152 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
153 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
154 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
155 creating raw pointers.
159 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
160 are now [split neatly across multiple
161 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
162 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
163 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
164 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
165 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
166 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
171 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
172 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
174 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
175 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
176 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
177 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
178 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
179 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
180 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
181 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
182 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
183 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
184 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
185 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
186 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
187 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
188 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
189 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
190 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
191 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
192 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
193 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
194 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
195 [ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21077
196 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
197 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
199 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
200 ----------------------------------
202 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
206 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
207 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
208 before the final release.
209 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
210 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
212 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
213 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
214 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
215 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
216 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
217 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
218 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
219 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
220 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
221 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
222 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
223 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
224 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
225 Rust package manager.
229 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
230 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
231 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
232 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
233 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
234 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
235 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
237 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
238 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
239 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
241 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
243 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
244 supports OS threads, not green threads.
245 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
246 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
247 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
249 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
250 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
251 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
253 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
254 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
256 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
257 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
258 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
259 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
260 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
261 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
262 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
263 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
264 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
265 library types unknown to the compiler).
266 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
267 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
268 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
269 compared with `&str`.
270 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
271 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
272 characters][unicode].
273 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
274 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
275 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
276 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
277 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
279 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
280 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
281 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
282 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
283 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
284 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
285 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
286 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
287 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
288 unboxed closures to work.
289 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
290 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
291 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
292 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
293 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
294 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
296 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
297 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
298 conventions][derive].
299 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
300 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
301 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
302 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
303 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
304 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
305 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
309 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
310 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
311 improvements throughout the standard library.
312 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
313 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
314 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
315 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
316 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
317 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
318 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
319 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
320 syscall when available.
321 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
322 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
323 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
324 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
325 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
326 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
327 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
328 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
329 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
330 represented as strings.
334 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
335 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
337 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
338 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
339 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
340 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
345 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
346 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
347 space than the inner types themselves.
348 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
350 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
351 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
352 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
353 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
354 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
355 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
356 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
357 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
358 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
359 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
360 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
361 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
362 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
363 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
364 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
365 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
366 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
367 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
368 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
369 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
370 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
371 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
372 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
373 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
374 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
375 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
376 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
377 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
378 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
379 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
380 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
381 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
382 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
383 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
385 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
386 -----------------------------
388 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
392 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
393 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
395 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
396 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
397 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
398 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
399 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
400 stabilization progress.
401 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
402 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
403 be installed with Cargo.
404 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
405 function declarations in many common scenarios.
406 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
409 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
411 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
412 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
413 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
414 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
415 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
416 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
417 impossible with the existing syntax.
418 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
419 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
420 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
421 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
422 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
423 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
424 potential additional uses of the syntax.
425 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
426 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
428 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
429 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
430 gate and may be removed in the future.
431 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
432 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
434 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
435 is handled by the package manager.
436 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
437 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
438 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
440 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
442 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
443 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
444 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
445 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
446 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
447 that capture by value.
448 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
449 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
450 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
451 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
453 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
454 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
456 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
457 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
458 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
459 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
460 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
461 (`[T]`) and trait types.
462 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
463 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
465 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
466 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
467 revisited in the future.
470 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
471 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
472 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
473 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
475 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
477 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
478 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
479 `Timespec` arithmetic.
480 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
481 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
482 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
483 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
484 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
485 idiomatic and efficient design.
488 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
489 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
490 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
491 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
492 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
493 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
494 package manager for versioning.
495 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
496 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
497 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
498 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
499 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
503 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
504 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
505 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
507 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
508 -------------------------
510 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
513 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
515 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
517 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
519 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
520 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
521 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
522 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
523 instead of any integral type.
524 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
525 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
526 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
527 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
528 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
529 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
530 is still provided by a library implementation.
531 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
532 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
533 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
534 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
535 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
536 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
537 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
538 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
539 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
540 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
541 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
542 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
543 if, while, match, and for..in.
544 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
546 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
547 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
548 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
550 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
551 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
554 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
555 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
556 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
558 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
559 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
560 kernel development for example.
561 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
562 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
563 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
564 better error messages.
565 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
566 around the Result type.
567 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
569 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
570 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
571 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
572 their forward-iteration counterparts.
573 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
574 management of bit flags.
575 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
576 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
577 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
578 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
579 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
580 to being based on methods.
581 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
582 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
583 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
584 and sized deallocation
585 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
586 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
588 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
589 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
590 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
592 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
593 an external libdebug crate.
594 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
595 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
596 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
597 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
599 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
600 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
603 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
604 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
605 discovery of breaking changes.
606 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
607 lifetime-related error occurs.
608 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
609 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
610 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
611 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
612 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
613 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
614 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
615 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
616 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
617 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
618 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
619 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
620 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
621 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
622 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
623 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
624 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
625 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
626 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
628 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
629 sharing rust code examples on-line.
630 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
631 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
632 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
633 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
634 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
635 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
636 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
639 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
640 -------------------------
642 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
645 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
646 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
647 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
649 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
651 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
652 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
653 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
654 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
655 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
656 reference counting have been removed.
657 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
658 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
659 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
660 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
661 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
662 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
664 * Unnecessary parentheses
667 * Uppercase variables
668 * Publicly visible private types
669 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
670 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
671 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
672 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
673 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
674 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
675 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
676 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
677 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
678 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
679 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
680 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
681 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
683 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
684 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
685 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
686 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
688 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
689 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
690 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
691 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
693 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
694 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
695 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
698 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
699 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
700 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
701 documentation index page.
702 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
703 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
704 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
705 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
706 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
707 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
708 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
709 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
710 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
711 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
712 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
713 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
714 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
715 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
716 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
717 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
718 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
719 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
720 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
721 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
722 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
723 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
724 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
725 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
726 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
727 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
728 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
729 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
730 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
731 still implement the function.
732 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
733 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
734 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
735 print them in exponential notation.
736 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
737 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
738 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
739 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
740 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
741 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
742 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
743 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
744 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
745 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
746 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
747 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
748 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
749 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
750 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
751 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
752 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
753 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
755 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
756 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
758 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
759 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
760 and various trimming of code.
761 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
762 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
763 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
764 dropping redundant functionality.
765 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
766 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
767 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
768 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
770 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
771 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
775 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
776 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
777 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
778 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
780 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
782 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
783 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
784 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
785 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
786 android much more reliable.
787 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
788 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
789 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
790 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
791 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
792 function to fix the error.
793 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
795 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
796 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
797 * render standalone markdown files.
798 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
799 * exported macros are displayed.
800 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
802 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
805 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
806 --------------------------
808 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
811 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
812 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
813 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
814 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
815 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
816 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
817 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
818 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
820 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
821 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
822 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
823 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
825 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
826 * `@fn`s have been removed.
827 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
829 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
830 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
831 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
832 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
833 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
834 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
835 terminated with a semicolon.
836 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
837 no longer has any special meaning.
838 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
839 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
840 `print!` and `println!`.
841 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
842 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
843 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
844 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
845 * Macros can have attributes.
846 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
847 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
848 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
849 * Comments may be nested.
850 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
852 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
853 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
854 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
855 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
856 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
857 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
858 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
859 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
860 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
861 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
862 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
863 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
864 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
865 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
866 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
867 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
868 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
870 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
871 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
872 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
874 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
876 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
877 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
878 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
879 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
880 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
881 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
882 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
883 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
884 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
885 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
886 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
887 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
888 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
891 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
892 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
893 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
894 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
895 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
897 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
898 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
899 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
900 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
901 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
902 just a wrapper around it).
903 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
904 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
905 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
906 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
907 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
908 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
909 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
910 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
911 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
912 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
913 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
914 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
915 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
916 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
917 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
918 if the index is out of bounds.
919 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
920 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
921 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
922 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
924 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
926 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
927 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
928 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
929 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
931 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
932 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
933 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
934 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
935 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
936 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
937 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
938 embedded environments.
939 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
940 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
942 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
943 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
944 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
946 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
948 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
949 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
950 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
951 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
952 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
953 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
957 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
959 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
960 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
961 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
962 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
963 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
964 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
965 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
966 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
967 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
970 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
971 --------------------------
973 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
976 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
977 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
978 * Default methods are ready for use.
979 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
980 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
981 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
982 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
984 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
985 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
987 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
988 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
989 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
990 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
991 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
992 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
993 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
994 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
995 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
996 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
997 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
998 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
999 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1000 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1001 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1002 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1003 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1004 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1005 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1006 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1007 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1008 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1009 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1010 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1011 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1012 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1013 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1014 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1015 prefixes (default: allow).
1016 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1017 `std::unstable::simd`.
1018 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1019 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1020 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1021 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1022 extension) to stdout.
1023 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1024 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1025 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1026 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1027 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1029 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1030 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1031 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1035 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1036 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1038 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1039 `uint::range` and friends.
1040 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1041 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1042 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1043 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1044 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1045 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1046 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1047 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1049 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1050 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1052 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1054 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1055 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1057 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1058 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1059 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1060 no longer function pointers.
1061 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1062 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1063 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1065 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1066 is required in implementations.
1067 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1068 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1069 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1070 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1071 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1072 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1074 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1075 sense in the new scheduler design.
1076 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1078 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1079 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1080 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1081 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1082 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1083 default implementations.
1084 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1085 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1086 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1087 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1088 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1089 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1090 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1091 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1092 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1093 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1094 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1095 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1096 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1097 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1098 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1099 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1100 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1101 * extra: `par` module removed.
1102 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1103 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1106 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1107 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1108 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1109 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1110 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1111 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1112 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1114 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1115 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1116 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1117 * All tools have man pages.
1118 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1119 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1120 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1121 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1122 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1123 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1125 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1126 -----------------------
1128 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1131 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1133 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1134 many bugs and inconveniences.
1135 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1136 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1137 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1138 removed due to bugs.
1139 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1140 so they compose better.
1141 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1142 * Trait default methods work more often.
1143 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1144 no padding between fields.
1145 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1147 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1148 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1149 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1150 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1151 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1152 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1153 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1155 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1157 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1158 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1159 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1160 are never implicitly copyable.
1161 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1162 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1163 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1166 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1168 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1169 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1171 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1172 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1175 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1176 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1177 * More and improved documentation.
1178 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1179 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1180 implementations of `Iterator`.
1181 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1182 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1183 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1184 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1185 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1186 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1187 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1188 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1189 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1190 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1191 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1192 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1193 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1194 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1195 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1196 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1197 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1198 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1199 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1200 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1201 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1202 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1203 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1204 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1205 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1206 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1207 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1208 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1209 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1210 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1211 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1212 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1213 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1214 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1215 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1216 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1217 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1218 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1221 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1222 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1224 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1226 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1227 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1228 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1229 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1230 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1231 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1232 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1233 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1234 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1235 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1236 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1237 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1238 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1239 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1241 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1242 ------------------------
1244 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1247 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1248 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1249 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1250 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1251 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1252 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1253 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1254 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1255 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1256 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1257 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1258 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1259 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1260 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1261 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1262 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1263 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1264 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1265 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1266 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1267 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1268 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1269 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1270 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1271 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1272 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1273 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1274 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1275 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1276 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1277 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1278 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1279 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1280 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1281 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1282 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1283 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1284 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1285 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1286 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1289 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1290 eliminating the `move` keyword
1291 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1292 * &mut is now unaliasable
1293 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1295 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1296 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1297 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1298 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1299 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1300 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1301 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1302 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1303 * Structural records have been removed
1304 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1305 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1306 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1307 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1308 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1309 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1310 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1313 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1314 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1315 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1316 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1317 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1318 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1319 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1320 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1321 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1322 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1323 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1324 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1325 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1326 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1327 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1328 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1329 by certain container types
1332 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1333 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1334 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1335 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1336 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1337 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1338 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1339 * Various memory usage improvements
1340 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1341 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1343 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1344 ---------------------------
1346 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1349 * Removed `<-` move operator
1350 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1351 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1352 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1353 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1354 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1355 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1356 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1357 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1358 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1361 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1362 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1363 * Enum variants may be structs
1364 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1365 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1366 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1367 without writing `move` explicitly
1368 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1369 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1370 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1371 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1372 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1375 * Improved support for language features
1376 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1377 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1378 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1379 * Static methods work in more situations
1380 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1384 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1385 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1386 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1387 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1388 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1389 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1390 * Moved futures to `std`
1391 * More functions are pure now
1392 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1393 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1396 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1397 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1399 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1400 --------------------------
1402 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1405 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1406 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1407 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1408 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1409 * Explicit method self types
1410 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1411 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1412 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1413 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1414 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1415 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1416 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1419 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1420 * Trait methods may be static
1421 * Argument modes are deprecated
1422 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1423 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1424 * Typestate was removed
1425 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1426 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1429 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1431 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1432 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1433 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1436 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1437 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1438 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1440 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1441 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1442 * More robust linked task failure
1443 * Improved task builder API
1446 * Improved error reporting
1447 * Preliminary JIT support
1448 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1449 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1450 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1451 Rust-based (visitor) code
1452 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1454 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1455 ------------------------
1457 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1459 * New coding conveniences
1460 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1461 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1462 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1463 * Documentation comments
1464 * More compact closure syntax
1465 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1467 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1470 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1471 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1473 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1474 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1475 * Extensive work on region pointers
1477 * Experimental new language features
1478 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1479 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1480 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1481 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1482 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1483 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1487 * Removal of various obsolete features
1488 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1489 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1491 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1492 resources (replaced by destructors)
1494 * Compiler reorganization
1495 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1496 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1497 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1500 * New time functions
1501 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1502 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1503 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1504 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1505 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1506 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1507 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1510 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1512 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1513 -------------------------
1515 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1517 * New docs and doc tooling
1519 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1521 * Compilation model enhancements
1522 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1523 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1525 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1526 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1527 * Explicit schedulers
1531 * Experimental new language features
1532 * Operator overloading
1536 * Various language extensions
1537 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1538 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1539 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1540 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1541 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1542 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1543 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1546 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1547 * Revived libuv interface
1548 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1549 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1550 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1552 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1553 -------------------------------
1555 * Most language features work, including:
1556 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1557 * Interface-constrained generics
1558 * Static interface dispatch
1560 * Multithread task scheduling
1561 * Typestate predicates
1562 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1563 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1564 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1565 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1567 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1568 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1569 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1570 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1572 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1574 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1578 * Documentation is incomplete.
1580 * Performance is below intended target.
1582 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1584 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will