1 Version 1.2.0 (August 2015)
2 ===========================
7 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can substantially
8 speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets another ~33% speedup when
9 bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8 jobs). It's not enabled by default,
10 but will be "in the near future"
13 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
16 Version 1.1.0 (June 2015)
17 =========================
19 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
24 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
25 functionality exposed:
26 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
27 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
28 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
29 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
30 access to all underlying information.
31 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
32 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
33 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
34 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
35 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
41 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
42 whitespace boundaries.
43 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
44 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
45 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
46 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
47 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
48 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
49 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
50 Windows, symlinks can be created with
51 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
52 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
53 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
54 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
55 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
56 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
57 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
58 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
59 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
60 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
62 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
63 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
64 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
65 compiler and the standard library.
66 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
67 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
68 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
69 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
70 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
71 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
72 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
73 properly exported][inc].
74 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
75 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
76 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
77 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
82 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
83 [multiple improvements][pre].
84 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
85 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
86 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
87 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
88 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
89 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
90 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
91 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
93 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
94 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
97 [`str::split_whitespace`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
98 [`FromRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
99 [`AsRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
100 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
101 [`IntoIterator`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
102 [`From`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
103 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
104 [err-index]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
105 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
106 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
107 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
108 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
109 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
110 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
111 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
112 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
113 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
114 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
115 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
116 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
117 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
118 [`Cloned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
119 [`Incoming`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
120 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
121 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
122 [`BinaryHeap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
123 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
124 [`split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
125 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
127 Version 1.0.0 (May 2015)
128 ========================
130 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
135 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
136 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
138 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
140 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
146 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
147 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
148 without breaking downstream code.
149 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
150 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
151 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
152 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
153 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
155 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
156 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
157 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
158 to underscore for the crate name.
159 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
160 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
161 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
163 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
164 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
165 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
166 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
167 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
168 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
169 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
170 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
171 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
172 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
173 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
174 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
175 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
176 arguments except in minor ways.
177 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
178 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
184 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
185 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
187 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
188 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
189 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
190 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
191 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
192 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
193 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
194 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
195 number of 'splits'][spl].
196 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
197 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
198 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
199 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
200 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
202 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
204 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
206 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
207 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
208 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
210 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
211 was the major library focus for this cycle.
212 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
213 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
214 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
215 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
217 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
218 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
219 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
220 many existing ad hoc traits.
221 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
222 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
223 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
224 hierarchy in the future.
225 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
226 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
227 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
228 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
229 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
230 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
231 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
236 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
237 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
238 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
240 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
242 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
243 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
244 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
247 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
248 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
249 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
250 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
251 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
252 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
253 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
254 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
255 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
256 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
257 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
258 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
259 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
260 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
261 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
262 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
263 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
264 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
265 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
266 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
267 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
268 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
269 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
270 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
271 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
272 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
273 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
274 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
275 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
276 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
277 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
278 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
279 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
280 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
281 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
282 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
283 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
284 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
287 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
288 =====================================
290 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
294 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
295 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
296 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
298 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
299 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
300 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
301 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
305 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
306 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
307 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
308 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
309 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
310 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
311 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
312 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
313 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
314 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
315 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
316 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
317 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
318 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
319 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
320 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
321 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
322 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
323 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
324 from references to vectors into references to
325 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
326 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
327 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
328 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
332 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
333 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
334 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
335 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
336 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
337 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
338 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
339 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
340 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
341 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
342 creating raw pointers.
346 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
347 are now [split neatly across multiple
348 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
349 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
350 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
351 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
352 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
353 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
358 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
359 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
361 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
362 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
363 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
364 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
365 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
366 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
367 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
368 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
369 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
370 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
371 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
372 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
373 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
374 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
375 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
376 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
377 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
378 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
379 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
380 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
381 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
382 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
383 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
386 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
387 ==================================
389 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
393 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
394 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
395 before the final release.
396 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
397 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
399 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
400 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
401 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
402 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
403 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
404 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
405 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
406 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
407 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
408 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
409 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
410 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
411 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
412 Rust package manager.
416 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
417 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
418 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
419 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
420 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
421 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
422 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
424 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
425 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
426 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
428 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
430 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
431 supports OS threads, not green threads.
432 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
433 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
434 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
436 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
437 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
438 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
440 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
441 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
443 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
444 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
445 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
446 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
447 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
448 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
449 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
450 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
451 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
452 library types unknown to the compiler).
453 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
454 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
455 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
456 compared with `&str`.
457 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
458 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
459 characters][unicode].
460 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
461 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
462 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
463 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
464 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
466 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
467 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
468 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
469 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
470 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
471 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
472 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
473 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
474 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
475 unboxed closures to work.
476 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
477 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
478 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
479 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
480 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
481 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
483 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
484 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
485 conventions][derive].
486 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
487 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
488 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
489 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
490 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
491 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
492 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
496 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
497 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
498 improvements throughout the standard library.
499 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
500 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
501 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
502 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
503 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
504 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
505 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
506 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
507 syscall when available.
508 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
509 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
510 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
511 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
512 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
513 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
514 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
515 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
516 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
517 represented as strings.
521 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
522 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
524 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
525 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
526 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
527 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
532 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
533 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
534 space than the inner types themselves.
535 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
537 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
538 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
539 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
540 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
541 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
542 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
543 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
544 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
545 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
546 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
547 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
548 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
549 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
550 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
551 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
552 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
553 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
554 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
555 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
556 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
557 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
558 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
559 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
560 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
561 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
562 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
563 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
564 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
565 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
566 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
567 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
568 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
569 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
570 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
573 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
574 =============================
576 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
580 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
581 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
583 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
584 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
585 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
586 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
587 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
588 stabilization progress.
589 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
590 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
591 be installed with Cargo.
592 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
593 function declarations in many common scenarios.
594 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
597 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
599 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
600 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
601 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
602 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
603 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
604 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
605 impossible with the existing syntax.
606 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
607 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
608 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
609 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
610 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
611 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
612 potential additional uses of the syntax.
613 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
614 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
616 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
617 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
618 gate and may be removed in the future.
619 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
620 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
622 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
623 is handled by the package manager.
624 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
625 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
626 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
628 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
630 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
631 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
632 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
633 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
634 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
635 that capture by value.
636 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
637 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
638 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
639 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
641 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
642 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
644 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
645 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
646 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
647 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
648 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
649 (`[T]`) and trait types.
650 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
651 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
653 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
654 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
655 revisited in the future.
658 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
659 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
660 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
661 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
663 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
665 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
666 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
667 `Timespec` arithmetic.
668 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
669 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
670 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
671 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
672 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
673 idiomatic and efficient design.
676 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
677 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
678 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
679 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
680 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
681 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
682 package manager for versioning.
683 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
684 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
685 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
686 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
687 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
691 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
692 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
693 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
696 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
697 ==========================
699 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
702 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
704 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
706 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
708 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
709 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
710 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
711 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
712 instead of any integral type.
713 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
714 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
715 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
716 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
717 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
718 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
719 is still provided by a library implementation.
720 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
721 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
722 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
723 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
724 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
725 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
726 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
727 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
728 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
729 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
730 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
731 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
732 if, while, match, and for..in.
733 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
735 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
736 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
737 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
739 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
740 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
743 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
744 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
745 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
747 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
748 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
749 kernel development for example.
750 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
751 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
752 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
753 better error messages.
754 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
755 around the Result type.
756 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
758 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
759 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
760 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
761 their forward-iteration counterparts.
762 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
763 management of bit flags.
764 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
765 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
766 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
767 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
768 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
769 to being based on methods.
770 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
771 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
772 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
773 and sized deallocation
774 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
775 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
777 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
778 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
779 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
781 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
782 an external libdebug crate.
783 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
784 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
785 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
786 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
788 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
789 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
792 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
793 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
794 discovery of breaking changes.
795 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
796 lifetime-related error occurs.
797 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
798 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
799 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
800 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
801 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
802 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
803 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
804 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
805 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
806 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
807 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
808 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
809 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
810 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
811 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
812 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
813 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
814 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
815 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
817 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
818 sharing rust code examples on-line.
819 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
820 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
821 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
822 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
823 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
824 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
825 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
829 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
830 =========================
832 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
835 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
836 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
837 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
839 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
841 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
842 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
843 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
844 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
845 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
846 reference counting have been removed.
847 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
848 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
849 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
850 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
851 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
852 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
854 * Unnecessary parentheses
857 * Uppercase variables
858 * Publicly visible private types
859 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
860 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
861 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
862 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
863 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
864 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
865 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
866 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
867 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
868 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
869 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
870 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
871 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
873 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
874 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
875 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
876 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
878 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
879 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
880 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
881 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
883 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
884 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
885 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
888 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
889 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
890 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
891 documentation index page.
892 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
893 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
894 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
895 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
896 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
897 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
898 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
899 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
900 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
901 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
902 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
903 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
904 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
905 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
906 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
907 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
908 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
909 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
910 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
911 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
912 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
913 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
914 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
915 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
916 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
917 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
918 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
919 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
920 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
921 still implement the function.
922 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
923 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
924 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
925 print them in exponential notation.
926 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
927 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
928 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
929 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
930 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
931 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
932 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
933 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
934 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
935 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
936 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
937 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
938 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
939 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
940 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
941 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
942 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
943 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
945 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
946 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
948 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
949 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
950 and various trimming of code.
951 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
952 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
953 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
954 dropping redundant functionality.
955 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
956 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
957 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
958 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
960 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
961 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
965 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
966 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
967 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
968 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
970 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
972 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
973 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
974 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
975 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
976 android much more reliable.
977 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
978 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
979 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
980 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
981 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
982 function to fix the error.
983 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
985 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
986 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
987 * render standalone markdown files.
988 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
989 * exported macros are displayed.
990 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
992 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
996 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
997 ==========================
999 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
1002 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
1003 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
1004 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
1005 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
1006 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
1007 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
1008 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
1009 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
1011 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
1012 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
1013 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
1014 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
1016 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
1017 * `@fn`s have been removed.
1018 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
1020 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
1021 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
1022 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
1023 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
1024 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
1025 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
1026 terminated with a semicolon.
1027 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
1028 no longer has any special meaning.
1029 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
1030 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
1031 `print!` and `println!`.
1032 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
1033 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
1034 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
1035 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
1036 * Macros can have attributes.
1037 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
1038 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
1039 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
1040 * Comments may be nested.
1041 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
1043 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
1044 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
1045 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
1046 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
1047 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
1048 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
1049 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
1050 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
1051 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
1052 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
1053 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
1054 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
1055 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
1056 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
1057 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
1058 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
1059 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
1061 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
1062 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
1063 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1065 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1067 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
1068 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
1069 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
1070 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
1071 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
1072 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
1073 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
1074 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
1075 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
1076 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
1077 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
1078 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
1079 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
1082 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
1083 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
1084 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
1085 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
1086 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
1088 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
1089 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
1090 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
1091 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
1092 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
1093 just a wrapper around it).
1094 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
1095 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
1096 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
1097 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
1098 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
1099 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
1100 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
1101 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
1102 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
1103 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
1104 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
1105 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
1106 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
1107 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
1108 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
1109 if the index is out of bounds.
1110 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
1111 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
1112 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
1113 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
1115 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
1117 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
1118 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
1119 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
1120 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1122 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1123 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1124 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1125 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1126 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1127 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1128 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1129 embedded environments.
1130 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1131 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1133 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1134 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1135 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1137 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1139 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1140 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1141 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1142 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1143 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1144 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1148 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1150 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1151 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1152 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1153 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1154 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1155 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1156 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1157 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1158 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1162 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
1163 ============================
1165 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1168 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1169 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1170 * Default methods are ready for use.
1171 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1172 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1173 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1174 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1176 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1177 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1179 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1180 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1181 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1182 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1183 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1184 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1185 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1186 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1187 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1188 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1189 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1190 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1191 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1192 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1193 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1194 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1195 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1196 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1197 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1198 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1199 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1200 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1201 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1202 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1203 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1204 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1205 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1206 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1207 prefixes (default: allow).
1208 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1209 `std::unstable::simd`.
1210 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1211 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1212 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1213 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1214 extension) to stdout.
1215 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1216 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1217 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1218 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1219 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1221 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1222 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1223 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1227 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1228 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1230 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1231 `uint::range` and friends.
1232 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1233 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1234 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1235 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1236 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1237 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1238 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1239 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1241 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1242 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1244 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1246 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1247 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1249 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1250 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1251 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1252 no longer function pointers.
1253 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1254 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1255 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1257 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1258 is required in implementations.
1259 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1260 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1261 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1262 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1263 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1264 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1266 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1267 sense in the new scheduler design.
1268 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1270 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1271 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1272 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1273 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1274 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1275 default implementations.
1276 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1277 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1278 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1279 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1280 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1281 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1282 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1283 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1284 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1285 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1286 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1287 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1288 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1289 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1290 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1291 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1292 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1293 * extra: `par` module removed.
1294 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1295 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1298 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1299 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1300 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1301 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1302 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1303 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1304 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1306 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1307 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1308 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1309 * All tools have man pages.
1310 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1311 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1312 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1313 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1314 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1315 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1318 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1319 =======================
1321 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1324 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1326 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1327 many bugs and inconveniences.
1328 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1329 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1330 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1331 removed due to bugs.
1332 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1333 so they compose better.
1334 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1335 * Trait default methods work more often.
1336 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1337 no padding between fields.
1338 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1340 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1341 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1342 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1343 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1344 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1345 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1346 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1348 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1350 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1351 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1352 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1353 are never implicitly copyable.
1354 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1355 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1356 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1359 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1361 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1362 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1364 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1365 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1368 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1369 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1370 * More and improved documentation.
1371 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1372 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1373 implementations of `Iterator`.
1374 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1375 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1376 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1377 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1378 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1379 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1380 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1381 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1382 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1383 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1384 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1385 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1386 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1387 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1388 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1389 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1390 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1391 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1392 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1393 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1394 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1395 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1396 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1397 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1398 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1399 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1400 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1401 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1402 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1403 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1404 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1405 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1406 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1407 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1408 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1409 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1410 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1411 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1414 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1415 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1417 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1419 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1420 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1421 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1422 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1423 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1424 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1425 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1426 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1427 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1428 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1429 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1430 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1431 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1432 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1435 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1436 ========================
1438 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1441 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1442 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1443 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1444 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1445 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1446 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1447 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1448 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1449 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1450 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1451 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1452 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1453 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1454 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1455 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1456 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1457 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1458 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1459 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1460 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1461 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1462 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1463 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1464 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1465 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1466 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1467 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1468 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1469 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1470 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1471 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1472 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1473 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1474 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1475 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1476 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1477 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1478 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1479 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1480 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1483 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1484 eliminating the `move` keyword
1485 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1486 * &mut is now unaliasable
1487 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1489 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1490 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1491 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1492 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1493 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1494 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1495 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1496 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1497 * Structural records have been removed
1498 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1499 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1500 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1501 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1502 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1503 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1504 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1507 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1508 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1509 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1510 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1511 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1512 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1513 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1514 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1515 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1516 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1517 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1518 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1519 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1520 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1521 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1522 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1523 by certain container types
1526 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1527 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1528 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1529 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1530 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1531 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1532 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1533 * Various memory usage improvements
1534 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1535 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1538 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1539 ===========================
1541 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1544 * Removed `<-` move operator
1545 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1546 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1547 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1548 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1549 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1550 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1551 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1552 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1553 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1556 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1557 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1558 * Enum variants may be structs
1559 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1560 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1561 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1562 without writing `move` explicitly
1563 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1564 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1565 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1566 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1567 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1570 * Improved support for language features
1571 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1572 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1573 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1574 * Static methods work in more situations
1575 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1579 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1580 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1581 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1582 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1583 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1584 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1585 * Moved futures to `std`
1586 * More functions are pure now
1587 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1588 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1591 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1592 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1595 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1596 ==========================
1598 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1601 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1602 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1603 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1604 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1605 * Explicit method self types
1606 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1607 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1608 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1609 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1610 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1611 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1612 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1615 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1616 * Trait methods may be static
1617 * Argument modes are deprecated
1618 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1619 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1620 * Typestate was removed
1621 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1622 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1625 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1627 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1628 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1629 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1632 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1633 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1634 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1636 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1637 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1638 * More robust linked task failure
1639 * Improved task builder API
1642 * Improved error reporting
1643 * Preliminary JIT support
1644 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1645 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1646 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1647 Rust-based (visitor) code
1648 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1651 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1652 ========================
1654 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1656 * New coding conveniences
1657 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1658 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1659 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1660 * Documentation comments
1661 * More compact closure syntax
1662 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1664 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1667 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1668 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1670 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1671 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1672 * Extensive work on region pointers
1674 * Experimental new language features
1675 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1676 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1677 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1678 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1679 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1680 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1684 * Removal of various obsolete features
1685 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1686 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1688 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1689 resources (replaced by destructors)
1691 * Compiler reorganization
1692 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1693 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1694 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1697 * New time functions
1698 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1699 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1700 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1701 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1702 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1703 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1704 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1707 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1710 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1711 =========================
1713 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1715 * New docs and doc tooling
1717 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1719 * Compilation model enhancements
1720 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1721 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1723 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1724 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1725 * Explicit schedulers
1729 * Experimental new language features
1730 * Operator overloading
1734 * Various language extensions
1735 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1736 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1737 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1738 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1739 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1740 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1741 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1744 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1745 * Revived libuv interface
1746 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1747 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1748 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1751 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1752 ===============================
1754 * Most language features work, including:
1755 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1756 * Interface-constrained generics
1757 * Static interface dispatch
1759 * Multithread task scheduling
1760 * Typestate predicates
1761 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1762 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1763 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1764 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1766 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1767 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1768 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1769 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1771 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1773 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1777 * Documentation is incomplete.
1779 * Performance is below intended target.
1781 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1783 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
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