1 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
2 ----------------------------------
4 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
8 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
9 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
10 before the final release.
11 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
12 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
14 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
15 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
16 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
17 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
18 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
19 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
20 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
21 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
22 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
23 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
24 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
25 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
26 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
31 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
32 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
33 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
34 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
35 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
36 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
37 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
39 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
40 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
41 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
43 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
45 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
46 supports OS threads, not green threads.
47 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
48 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
49 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
51 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
52 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
53 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
55 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
56 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
58 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
59 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
60 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
61 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
62 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
63 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
64 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
65 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
66 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
67 library types unknown to the compiler).
68 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
69 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
70 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
72 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
73 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
75 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
76 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
77 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
78 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
79 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
81 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
82 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
83 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
84 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
85 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
86 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
87 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
88 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
89 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
90 unboxed closures to work.
91 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
92 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
93 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
94 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
95 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
96 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
98 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
99 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
100 conventions][derive].
101 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
102 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
103 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
104 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
105 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
106 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
107 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
111 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
112 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
113 improvements throughout the standard library.
114 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
115 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
116 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
117 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
118 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
119 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
120 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
121 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
122 syscall when available.
123 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
124 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
125 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
126 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
127 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
128 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
129 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
130 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
131 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
132 represented as strings.
136 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
137 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
139 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
140 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
141 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
142 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
147 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
148 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
149 space than the inner types themselves.
150 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
152 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
153 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
154 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
155 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
156 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
157 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
158 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
159 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
160 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
161 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
162 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
163 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
164 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
165 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
166 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
167 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
168 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
169 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
170 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
171 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
172 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
173 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
174 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
175 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
176 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
177 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
178 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
179 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
180 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
181 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
182 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
183 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
184 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
185 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
187 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
188 -----------------------------
190 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
194 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
195 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
197 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
198 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
199 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
200 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
201 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
202 stabilization progress.
203 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
204 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
205 be installed with Cargo.
206 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
207 function declarations in many common scenarios.
208 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
211 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
213 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
214 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
215 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
216 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
217 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
218 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
219 impossible with the existing syntax.
220 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
221 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
222 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
223 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
224 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
225 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
226 potential additional uses of the syntax.
227 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
228 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
230 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
231 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
232 gate and may be removed in the future.
233 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
234 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
236 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
237 is handled by the package manager.
238 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
239 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
240 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
242 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
244 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
245 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
246 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
247 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
248 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
249 that capture by value.
250 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
251 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
252 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
253 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
255 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
256 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
258 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
259 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
260 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
261 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
262 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
263 (`[T]`) and trait types.
264 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
265 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
267 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
268 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
269 revisited in the future.
272 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
273 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
274 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
275 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
277 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
279 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
280 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
281 `Timespec` arithmetic.
282 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
283 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
284 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
285 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
286 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
287 idiomatic and efficient design.
290 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
291 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
292 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
293 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
294 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
295 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
296 package manager for versioning.
297 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
298 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
299 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
300 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
301 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
305 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
306 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
307 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
309 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
310 -------------------------
312 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
315 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
317 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
319 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
321 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
322 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
323 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
324 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
325 instead of any integral type.
326 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
327 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
328 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
329 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
330 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
331 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
332 is still provided by a library implementation.
333 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
334 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
335 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
336 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
337 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
338 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
339 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
340 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
341 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
342 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
343 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
344 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
345 if, while, match, and for..in.
346 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
348 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
349 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
350 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
352 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
353 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
356 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
357 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
358 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
360 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
361 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
362 kernel development for example.
363 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
364 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
365 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
366 better error messages.
367 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
368 around the Result type.
369 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
371 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
372 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
373 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
374 their forward-iteration counterparts.
375 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
376 management of bit flags.
377 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
378 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
379 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
380 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
381 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
382 to being based on methods.
383 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
384 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
385 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
386 and sized deallocation
387 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
388 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
390 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
391 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
392 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
394 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
395 an external libdebug crate.
396 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
397 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
398 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
399 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
401 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
402 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
405 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
406 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
407 discovery of breaking changes.
408 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
409 lifetime-related error occurs.
410 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
411 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
412 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
413 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
414 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
415 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
416 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
417 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
418 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
419 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
420 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
421 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
422 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
423 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
424 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
425 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
426 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
427 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
428 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
430 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
431 sharing rust code examples on-line.
432 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
433 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
434 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
435 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
436 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
437 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
438 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
441 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
442 -------------------------
444 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
447 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
448 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
449 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
451 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
453 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
454 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
455 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
456 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
457 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
458 reference counting have been removed.
459 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
460 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
461 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
462 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
463 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
464 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
466 * Unnecessary parentheses
469 * Uppercase variables
470 * Publicly visible private types
471 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
472 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
473 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
474 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
475 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
476 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
477 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
478 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
479 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
480 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
481 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
482 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
483 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
485 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
486 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
487 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
488 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
490 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
491 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
492 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
493 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
495 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
496 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
497 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
500 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
501 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
502 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
503 documentation index page.
504 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
505 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
506 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
507 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
508 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
509 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
510 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
511 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
512 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
513 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
514 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
515 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
516 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
517 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
518 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
519 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
520 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
521 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
522 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
523 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
524 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
525 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
526 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
527 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
528 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
529 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
530 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
531 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
532 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
533 still implement the function.
534 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
535 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
536 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
537 print them in exponential notation.
538 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
539 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
540 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
541 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
542 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
543 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
544 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
545 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
546 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
547 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
548 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
549 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
550 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
551 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
552 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
553 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
554 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
555 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
557 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
558 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
560 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
561 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
562 and various trimming of code.
563 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
564 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
565 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
566 dropping redundant functionality.
567 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
568 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
569 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
570 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
572 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
573 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
577 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
578 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
579 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
580 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
582 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
584 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
585 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
586 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
587 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
588 android much more reliable.
589 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
590 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
591 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
592 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
593 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
594 function to fix the error.
595 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
597 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
598 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
599 * render standalone markdown files.
600 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
601 * exported macros are displayed.
602 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
604 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
607 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
608 --------------------------
610 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
613 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
614 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
615 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
616 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
617 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
618 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
619 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
620 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
622 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
623 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
624 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
625 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
627 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
628 * `@fn`s have been removed.
629 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
631 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
632 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
633 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
634 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
635 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
636 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
637 terminated with a semicolon.
638 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
639 no longer has any special meaning.
640 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
641 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
642 `print!` and `println!`.
643 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
644 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
645 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
646 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
647 * Macros can have attributes.
648 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
649 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
650 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
651 * Comments may be nested.
652 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
654 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
655 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
656 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
657 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
658 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
659 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
660 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
661 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
662 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
663 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
664 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
665 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
666 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
667 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
668 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
669 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
670 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
672 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
673 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
674 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
676 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
678 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
679 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
680 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
681 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
682 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
683 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
684 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
685 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
686 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
687 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
688 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
689 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
690 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
693 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
694 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
695 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
696 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
697 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
699 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
700 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
701 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
702 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
703 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
704 just a wrapper around it).
705 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
706 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
707 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
708 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
709 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
710 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
711 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
712 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
713 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
714 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
715 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
716 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
717 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
718 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
719 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
720 if the index is out of bounds.
721 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
722 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
723 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
724 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
726 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
728 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
729 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
730 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
731 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
733 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
734 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
735 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
736 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
737 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
738 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
739 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
740 embedded environments.
741 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
742 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
744 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
745 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
746 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
748 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
750 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
751 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
752 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
753 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
754 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
755 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
759 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
761 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
762 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
763 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
764 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
765 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
766 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
767 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
768 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
769 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
772 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
773 --------------------------
775 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
778 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
779 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
780 * Default methods are ready for use.
781 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
782 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
783 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
784 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
786 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
787 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
789 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
790 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
791 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
792 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
793 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
794 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
795 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
796 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
797 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
798 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
799 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
800 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
801 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
802 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
803 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
804 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
805 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
806 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
807 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
808 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
809 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
810 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
811 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
812 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
813 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
814 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
815 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
816 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
817 prefixes (default: allow).
818 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
819 `std::unstable::simd`.
820 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
821 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
822 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
823 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
824 extension) to stdout.
825 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
826 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
827 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
828 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
829 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
831 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
832 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
833 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
837 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
838 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
840 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
841 `uint::range` and friends.
842 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
843 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
844 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
845 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
846 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
847 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
848 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
849 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
851 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
852 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
854 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
856 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
857 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
859 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
860 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
861 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
862 no longer function pointers.
863 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
864 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
865 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
867 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
868 is required in implementations.
869 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
870 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
871 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
872 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
873 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
874 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
876 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
877 sense in the new scheduler design.
878 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
880 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
881 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
882 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
883 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
884 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
885 default implementations.
886 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
887 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
888 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
889 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
890 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
891 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
892 * extra: `rope` was removed.
893 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
894 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
895 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
896 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
897 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
898 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
899 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
900 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
901 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
902 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
903 * extra: `par` module removed.
904 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
905 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
908 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
909 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
910 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
911 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
912 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
913 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
914 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
916 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
917 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
918 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
919 * All tools have man pages.
920 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
921 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
922 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
923 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
924 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
925 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
927 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
928 -----------------------
930 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
933 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
935 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
936 many bugs and inconveniences.
937 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
938 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
939 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
941 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
942 so they compose better.
943 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
944 * Trait default methods work more often.
945 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
946 no padding between fields.
947 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
949 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
950 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
951 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
952 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
953 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
954 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
955 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
957 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
959 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
960 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
961 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
962 are never implicitly copyable.
963 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
964 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
965 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
968 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
970 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
971 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
973 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
974 and unsuffixed integer literals.
977 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
978 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
979 * More and improved documentation.
980 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
981 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
982 implementations of `Iterator`.
983 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
984 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
985 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
986 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
987 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
988 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
989 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
990 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
991 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
992 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
993 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
994 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
995 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
996 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
997 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
998 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
999 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1000 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1001 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1002 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1003 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1004 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1005 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1006 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1007 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1008 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1009 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1010 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1011 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1012 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1013 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1014 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1015 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1016 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1017 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1018 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1019 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1020 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1023 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1024 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1026 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1028 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1029 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1030 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1031 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1032 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1033 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1034 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1035 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1036 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1037 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1038 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1039 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1040 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1041 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1043 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1044 ------------------------
1046 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1049 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1050 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1051 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1052 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1053 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1054 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1055 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1056 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1057 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1058 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1059 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1060 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1061 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1062 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1063 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1064 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1065 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1066 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1067 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1068 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1069 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1070 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1071 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1072 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1073 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1074 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1075 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1076 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1077 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1078 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1079 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1080 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1081 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1082 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1083 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1084 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1085 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1086 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1087 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1088 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1091 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1092 eliminating the `move` keyword
1093 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1094 * &mut is now unaliasable
1095 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1097 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1098 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1099 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1100 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1101 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1102 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1103 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1104 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1105 * Structural records have been removed
1106 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1107 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1108 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1109 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1110 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1111 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1112 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1115 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1116 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1117 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1118 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1119 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1120 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1121 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1122 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1123 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1124 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1125 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1126 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1127 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1128 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1129 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1130 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1131 by certain container types
1134 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1135 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1136 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1137 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1138 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1139 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1140 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1141 * Various memory usage improvements
1142 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1143 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1145 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1146 ---------------------------
1148 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1151 * Removed `<-` move operator
1152 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1153 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1154 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1155 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1156 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1157 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1158 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1159 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1160 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1163 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1164 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1165 * Enum variants may be structs
1166 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1167 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1168 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1169 without writing `move` explicitly
1170 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1171 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1172 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1173 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1174 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1177 * Improved support for language features
1178 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1179 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1180 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1181 * Static methods work in more situations
1182 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1186 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1187 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1188 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1189 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1190 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1191 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1192 * Moved futures to `std`
1193 * More functions are pure now
1194 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1195 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1198 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1199 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1201 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1202 --------------------------
1204 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1207 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1208 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1209 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1210 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1211 * Explicit method self types
1212 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1213 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1214 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1215 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1216 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1217 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1218 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1221 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1222 * Trait methods may be static
1223 * Argument modes are deprecated
1224 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1225 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1226 * Typestate was removed
1227 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1228 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1231 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1233 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1234 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1235 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1238 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1239 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1240 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1242 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1243 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1244 * More robust linked task failure
1245 * Improved task builder API
1248 * Improved error reporting
1249 * Preliminary JIT support
1250 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1251 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1252 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1253 Rust-based (visitor) code
1254 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1256 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1257 ------------------------
1259 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1261 * New coding conveniences
1262 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1263 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1264 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1265 * Documentation comments
1266 * More compact closure syntax
1267 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1269 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1272 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1273 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1275 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1276 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1277 * Extensive work on region pointers
1279 * Experimental new language features
1280 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1281 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1282 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1283 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1284 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1285 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1289 * Removal of various obsolete features
1290 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1291 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1293 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1294 resources (replaced by destructors)
1296 * Compiler reorganization
1297 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1298 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1299 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1302 * New time functions
1303 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1304 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1305 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1306 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1307 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1308 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1309 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1312 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1314 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1315 -------------------------
1317 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1319 * New docs and doc tooling
1321 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1323 * Compilation model enhancements
1324 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1325 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1327 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1328 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1329 * Explicit schedulers
1333 * Experimental new language features
1334 * Operator overloading
1338 * Various language extensions
1339 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1340 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1341 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1342 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1343 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1344 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1345 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1348 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1349 * Revived libuv interface
1350 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1351 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1352 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1354 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1355 -------------------------------
1357 * Most language features work, including:
1358 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1359 * Interface-constrained generics
1360 * Static interface dispatch
1362 * Multithread task scheduling
1363 * Typestate predicates
1364 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1365 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1366 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1367 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1369 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1370 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1371 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1372 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1374 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1376 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1380 * Documentation is incomplete.
1382 * Performance is below intended target.
1384 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1386 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
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