1 Version 1.7.0 (2016-03-03)
2 ==========================
7 * Soundness fixes to the interactions between associated types and
8 lifetimes, specified in [RFC 1214], [now generate errors][1.7sf] for
9 code that violates the new rules. This is a significant change that
10 is known to break existing code, so it has emitted warnings for the
11 new error cases since 1.4 to give crate authors time to adapt. The
12 details of what is changing are subtle; read the RFC for more.
18 [`Path::strip_prefix`][] (renamed from relative_from),
19 [`path::StripPrefixError`][] (new error type returned from strip_prefix),
20 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`],
21 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`],
22 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`],
23 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`],
24 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`],
25 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`],
26 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`],
27 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`],
28 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`],
30 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`],
32 [`String::as_mut_str`],
33 `<[T]>::`[`clone_from_slice`], which now requires the two slices to
35 `<[T]>::`[`sort_by_key`],
40 [`i32::saturating_mul`],
41 [`i32::overflowing_add`],
42 [`i32::overflowing_sub`],
43 [`i32::overflowing_mul`],
44 [`i32::overflowing_div`],
45 [`i32::overflowing_rem`],
46 [`i32::overflowing_neg`],
47 [`i32::overflowing_shl`],
48 [`i32::overflowing_shr`],
53 [`u32::saturating_mul`],
54 [`u32::overflowing_add`],
55 [`u32::overflowing_sub`],
56 [`u32::overflowing_mul`],
57 [`u32::overflowing_div`],
58 [`u32::overflowing_rem`],
59 [`u32::overflowing_neg`],
60 [`u32::overflowing_shl`],
61 [`u32::overflowing_shr`],
62 checked, saturated, and overflowing operations for other primitive types,
63 [`ffi::IntoStringError`],
64 [`CString::into_string`],
65 [`CString::into_bytes`],
66 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`],
67 `From<CString> for Vec<u8>`,
68 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`],
69 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`],
70 `Error for IntoStringError`.
71 * [Validating UTF-8 is faster by a factor of between 7 and 14x for
72 ASCII input][1.7utf8]. This means that creating `String`s and `str`s
74 * [The performance of `LineWriter` (and thus `io::stdout`) was
75 improved by using `memchr` to search for newlines][1.7m].
76 * [`f32::to_degrees` and `f32::to_radians` are stable][1.7f]. The
77 `f64` variants were stabilized previously.
78 * [`BTreeMap` was rewritten to use less memory improve performance of
79 insertion and iteration, the latter by as much as 5x`][1.7bm].
80 * [`BTreeSet` and its iterators, `Iter`, `IntoIter`, and `Range` are
81 covariant over their contained type][1.7bt].
82 * [`LinkedList` and its iterators, `Iter` and `IntoIter` are covariant
83 over their contained type][1.7ll].
84 * [`str::replace` now accepts a `Pattern`][1.7rp], like other string
86 * [`Any` is implemented for unsized types][1.7a].
87 * [`Hash` is implemented for `Duration`][1.7h].
92 * [The `--error-format=json` flag to `rustc` causes it to emit errors
93 in JSON format][1.7j]. This is an unstable flag and so also requires
94 the `-Z unstable-options` flag.
95 * [When running tests with `--test`, rustdoc will pass `--cfg`
96 arguments to the compiler][1.7dt].
97 * [The compiler is built with RPATH information by default][1.7rp].
98 This means that it will be possible to run `rustc` when installed in
99 unusual configurations without configuring the dynamic linker search
101 * [`rustc` passes `--enable-new-dtags` to GNU ld][1.7dt]. This makes
102 any RPATH entries (emitted with `-C rpath`) *not* take precedence
103 over `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
108 * [`cargo rustc` accepts a `--profile` flag that runs `rustc` under
109 any of the compilation profiles, 'dev', 'bench', or 'test'][1.7cp].
110 * [The `rerun-if-changed` build script directive no longer causes the
111 build script to incorrectly run twice in certain scenarios][1.7rr].
116 * [Several bugs in the compiler's visibility calculations were
117 fixed][1.7v]. Since this was found to break significant amounts of
118 code, the new errors will be emitted as warnings for several release
119 cycles, under the `private_in_public` lint.
120 * Defaulted type parameters were accidentally accepted in positions
121 that were not intended. In this release, [defaulted type parameters
122 appearing outside of type definitions will generate a
123 warning][1.7d], which will become an error in future releases.
124 * [Parsing "." as a float results in an error instead of
125 0][1.7p]. That is, `".".parse::<f32>()` returns `Err`, not `Ok(0)`.
126 * [Borrows of closure parameters may not outlive the closure][1.7bc].
128 [1.7a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30928
129 [1.7bc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30341
130 [1.7bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30426
131 [1.7bt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30998
132 [1.7cp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2224
133 [1.7d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30724
134 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30372
135 [1.7dt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30394
136 [1.7f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30672
137 [1.7h]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30818
138 [1.7j]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30711
139 [1.7ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30663
140 [1.7m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30381
141 [1.7p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30681
142 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29498
143 [1.7rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30353
144 [1.7rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2279
145 [1.7sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30389
146 [1.7utf8]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30740
147 [1.7v]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29973
148 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
149 [`clone_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.clone_from_slice
150 [`sort_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.sort_by_key
151 [`CString::into_bytes_with_nul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes_with_nul
152 [`CString::into_bytes`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_bytes
153 [`CString::into_string`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_string
154 [`IntoStringError::into_cstring`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.into_cstring
155 [`IntoStringError::utf8_error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html#method.utf8_error
156 [`Ipv4Addr::is_broadcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_broadcast
157 [`Ipv4Addr::is_documentation`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_documentation
158 [`Ipv4Addr::is_link_local`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_link_local
159 [`Ipv4Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_loopback
160 [`Ipv4Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_multicast
161 [`Ipv4Addr::is_private`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.is_private
162 [`Ipv6Addr::is_loopback`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_loopback
163 [`Ipv6Addr::is_multicast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_multicast
164 [`Ipv6Addr::is_unspecified`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.is_unspecified
165 [`Path::strip_prefix`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.strip_prefix
166 [`String::as_mut_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_mut_str
167 [`String::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.as_str
168 [`Vec::as_mut_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_mut_slice
169 [`Vec::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.as_slice
170 [`ffi::IntoStringError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.IntoStringError.html
171 [`i32::checked_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_neg
172 [`i32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_rem
173 [`i32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shl
174 [`i32::checked_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.checked_shr
175 [`i32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_add
176 [`i32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_div
177 [`i32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_mul
178 [`i32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_neg
179 [`i32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_rem
180 [`i32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shl
181 [`i32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_shr
182 [`i32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.overflowing_sub
183 [`i32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i32.html#method.saturating_mul
184 [`path::StripPrefixError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.StripPrefixError.html
185 [`u32::checked_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_rem
186 [`u32::checked_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.checked_shl
187 [`u32::overflowing_add`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_add
188 [`u32::overflowing_div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_div
189 [`u32::overflowing_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_mul
190 [`u32::overflowing_neg`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_neg
191 [`u32::overflowing_rem`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_rem
192 [`u32::overflowing_shl`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shl
193 [`u32::overflowing_shr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_shr
194 [`u32::overflowing_sub`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.overflowing_sub
195 [`u32::saturating_mul`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.u32.html#method.saturating_mul
198 Version 1.6.0 (2016-01-21)
199 ==========================
204 * The `#![no_std]` attribute causes a crate to not be linked to the
205 standard library, but only the [core library][1.6co], as described
206 in [RFC 1184]. The core library defines common types and traits but
207 has no platform dependencies whatsoever, and is the basis for Rust
208 software in environments that cannot support a full port of the
209 standard library, such as operating systems. Most of the core
210 library is now stable.
216 [`Read::read_exact`],
217 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`][] (renamed from `UnexpectedEOF`),
218 [`fs::DirBuilder`], [`fs::DirBuilder::new`],
219 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`], [`fs::DirBuilder::create`],
220 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`],
221 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`], [`vec::Drain`],
222 [`vec::Vec::drain`], [`string::Drain`], [`string::String::drain`],
223 [`vec_deque::Drain`], [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`],
224 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`],
225 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`],
226 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`],
227 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`],
228 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`],
229 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`],
230 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`][] (renamed from `push_all`),
231 [`Mutex::get_mut`], [`Mutex::into_inner`], [`RwLock::get_mut`],
232 [`RwLock::into_inner`],
233 [`Iterator::min_by_key`][] (renamed from `min_by`),
234 [`Iterator::max_by_key`][] (renamed from `max_by`).
235 * The [core library][1.6co] is stable, as are most of its APIs.
236 * [The `assert_eq!` macro supports arguments that don't implement
237 `Sized`][1.6ae], such as arrays. In this way it behaves more like
239 * Several timer functions that take duration in milliseconds [are
240 deprecated in favor of those that take `Duration`][1.6ms]. These
241 include `Condvar::wait_timeout_ms`, `thread::sleep_ms`, and
242 `thread::park_timeout_ms`.
243 * The algorithm by which `Vec` reserves additional elements was
244 [tweaked to not allocate excessive space][1.6a] while still growing
246 * `From` conversions are [implemented from integers to floats][1.6f]
247 in cases where the conversion is lossless. Thus they are not
248 implemented for 32-bit ints to `f32`, nor for 64-bit ints to `f32`
249 or `f64`. They are also not implemented for `isize` and `usize`
250 because the implementations would be platform-specific. `From` is
251 also implemented from `f32` to `f64`.
252 * `From<&Path>` and `From<PathBuf>` are implemented for `Cow<Path>`.
253 * `From<T>` is implemented for `Box<T>`, `Rc<T>` and `Arc<T>`.
254 * `IntoIterator` is implemented for `&PathBuf` and `&Path`.
255 * [`BinaryHeap` was refactored][1.6bh] for modest performance
257 * Sorting slices that are already sorted [is 50% faster in some
263 * Cargo will look in `$CARGO_HOME/bin` for subcommands [by default][1.6c].
264 * Cargo build scripts can specify their dependencies by emitting the
265 [`rerun-if-changed`][1.6rr] key.
266 * crates.io will reject publication of crates with dependencies that
267 have a wildcard version constraint. Crates with wildcard
268 dependencies were seen to cause a variety of problems, as described
269 in [RFC 1241]. Since 1.5 publication of such crates has emitted a
271 * `cargo clean` [accepts a `--release` flag][1.6cc] to clean the
272 release folder. A variety of artifacts that Cargo failed to clean
273 are now correctly deleted.
278 * The `unreachable_code` lint [warns when a function call's argument
280 * The parser indicates [failures that may be caused by
281 confusingly-similar Unicode characters][1.6uc]
282 * Certain macro errors [are reported at definition time][1.6m], not
288 * The compiler no longer makes use of the [`RUST_PATH`][1.6rp]
289 environment variable when locating crates. This was a pre-cargo
290 feature for integrating with the package manager that was
291 accidentally never removed.
292 * [A number of bugs were fixed in the privacy checker][1.6p] that
293 could cause previously-accepted code to break.
294 * [Modules and unit/tuple structs may not share the same name][1.6ts].
295 * [Bugs in pattern matching unit structs were fixed][1.6us]. The tuple
296 struct pattern syntax (`Foo(..)`) can no longer be used to match
297 unit structs. This is a warning now, but will become an error in
298 future releases. Patterns that share the same name as a const are
300 * A bug was fixed that causes [rustc not to apply default type
301 parameters][1.6xc] when resolving certain method implementations of
302 traits defined in other crates.
304 [1.6a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29454
305 [1.6ae]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29770
306 [1.6bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29811
307 [1.6c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2192
308 [1.6cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2131
309 [1.6co]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/core/index.html
310 [1.6dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30000
311 [1.6f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
312 [1.6m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29828
313 [1.6ms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29604
314 [1.6p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29726
315 [1.6rp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/30034
316 [1.6rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/2134
317 [1.6s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29675
318 [1.6ts]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21546
319 [1.6uc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29837
320 [1.6us]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29383
321 [1.6xc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30123
322 [RFC 1184]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1184-stabilize-no_std.md
323 [RFC 1241]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
324 [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.UnexpectedEof
325 [`Iterator::max_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.max_by_key
326 [`Iterator::min_by_key`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.min_by_key
327 [`Mutex::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.get_mut
328 [`Mutex::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#method.into_inner
329 [`Read::read_exact`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_exact
330 [`RwLock::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.get_mut
331 [`RwLock::into_inner`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html#method.into_inner
332 [`Vec::extend_from_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.extend_from_slice
333 [`collections::binary_heap::BinaryHeap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.drain
334 [`collections::binary_heap::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/binary_heap/struct.Drain.html
335 [`collections::hash_map::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.Drain.html
336 [`collections::hash_map::HashMap::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#method.drain
337 [`collections::hash_set::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.Drain.html
338 [`collections::hash_set::HashSet::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/hash_set/struct.HashSet.html#method.drain
339 [`fs::DirBuilder::create`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.create
340 [`fs::DirBuilder::new`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.new
341 [`fs::DirBuilder::recursive`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html#method.recursive
342 [`fs::DirBuilder`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.DirBuilder.html
343 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt::mode`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html#tymethod.mode
344 [`os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.DirBuilderExt.html
345 [`string::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.Drain.html
346 [`string::String::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/struct.String.html#method.drain
347 [`vec::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Drain.html
348 [`vec::Vec::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.drain
349 [`vec_deque::Drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.Drain.html
350 [`vec_deque::VecDeque::drain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/vec_deque/struct.VecDeque.html#method.drain
353 Version 1.5.0 (2015-12-10)
354 ==========================
356 * ~700 changes, numerous bugfixes
362 [`BinaryHeap::from`], [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`],
363 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`], [`Condvar::wait_timeout`],
364 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`], [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`],
365 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`], [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`],
366 [`FileTypeExt`], [`Formatter::alternate`], [`Formatter::fill`],
367 [`Formatter::precision`], [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`],
368 [`Formatter::sign_minus`], [`Formatter::sign_plus`],
369 [`Formatter::width`], [`Iterator::cmp`], [`Iterator::eq`],
370 [`Iterator::ge`], [`Iterator::gt`], [`Iterator::le`],
371 [`Iterator::lt`], [`Iterator::ne`], [`Iterator::partial_cmp`],
372 [`Path::canonicalize`], [`Path::exists`], [`Path::is_dir`],
373 [`Path::is_file`], [`Path::metadata`], [`Path::read_dir`],
374 [`Path::read_link`], [`Path::symlink_metadata`],
375 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`], [`Vec::resize`],
376 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`], [`VecDeque::as_slices`],
377 [`VecDeque::insert`], [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`],
378 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`], [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`],
379 [`slice::split_first_mut`], [`slice::split_first`],
380 [`slice::split_last_mut`], [`slice::split_last`],
381 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`], [`fs::canonicalize`],
382 [`str::MatchIndices`], [`str::RMatchIndices`],
383 [`str::match_indices`], [`str::rmatch_indices`],
384 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`], [`string::ParseError`].
385 * Rust applications hosted on crates.io can be installed locally to
386 `~/.cargo/bin` with the [`cargo install`] command. Among other
387 things this makes it easier to augment Cargo with new subcommands:
388 when a binary named e.g. `cargo-foo` is found in `$PATH` it can be
389 invoked as `cargo foo`.
390 * Crates with wildcard (`*`) dependencies will [emit warnings when
391 published][1.5w]. In 1.6 it will no longer be possible to publish
392 crates with wildcard dependencies.
397 * The rules determining when a particular lifetime must outlive
398 a particular value (known as '[dropck]') have been [modified
399 to not rely on parametricity][1.5p].
400 * [Implementations of `AsRef` and `AsMut` were added to `Box`, `Rc`,
401 and `Arc`][1.5a]. Because these smart pointer types implement
402 `Deref`, this causes breakage in cases where the interior type
403 contains methods of the same name.
404 * [Correct a bug in Rc/Arc][1.5c] that caused [dropck] to be unaware
405 that they could drop their content. Soundness fix.
406 * All method invocations are [properly checked][1.5wf1] for
407 [well-formedness][1.5wf2]. Soundness fix.
408 * Traits whose supertraits contain `Self` are [not object
409 safe][1.5o]. Soundness fix.
410 * Target specifications support a [`no_default_libraries`][1.5nd]
411 setting that controls whether `-nodefaultlibs` is passed to the
412 linker, and in turn the `is_like_windows` setting no longer affects
413 the `-nodefaultlibs` flag.
414 * `#[derive(Show)]`, long-deprecated, [has been removed][1.5ds].
415 * The `#[inline]` and `#[repr]` attributes [can only appear
416 in valid locations][1.5at].
417 * Native libraries linked from the local crate are [passed to
418 the linker before native libraries from upstream crates][1.5nl].
419 * Two rarely-used attributes, `#[no_debug]` and
420 `#[omit_gdb_pretty_printer_section]` [are feature gated][1.5fg].
421 * Negation of unsigned integers, which has been a warning for
422 several releases, [is now behind a feature gate and will
423 generate errors][1.5nu].
424 * The parser accidentally accepted visibility modifiers on
425 enum variants, a bug [which has been fixed][1.5ev].
426 * [A bug was fixed that allowed `use` statements to import unstable
432 * When evaluating expressions at compile-time that are not
433 compile-time constants (const-evaluating expressions in non-const
434 contexts), incorrect code such as overlong bitshifts and arithmetic
435 overflow will [generate a warning instead of an error][1.5ce],
436 delaying the error until runtime. This will allow the
437 const-evaluator to be expanded in the future backwards-compatibly.
438 * The `improper_ctypes` lint [no longer warns about using `isize` and
439 `usize` in FFI][1.5ict].
444 * `Arc<T>` and `Rc<T>` are [covariant with respect to `T` instead of
446 * `Default` is [implemented for mutable slices][1.5d].
447 * `FromStr` is [implemented for `SockAddrV4` and `SockAddrV6`][1.5s].
448 * There are now `From` conversions [between floating point
449 types][1.5f] where the conversions are lossless.
450 * Thera are now `From` conversions [between integer types][1.5i] where
451 the conversions are lossless.
452 * [`fs::Metadata` implements `Clone`][1.5fs].
453 * The `parse` method [accepts a leading "+" when parsing
455 * [`AsMut` is implemented for `Vec`][1.5am].
456 * The `clone_from` implementations for `String` and `BinaryHeap` [have
457 been optimized][1.5cf] and no longer rely on the default impl.
458 * The `extern "Rust"`, `extern "C"`, `unsafe extern "Rust"` and
459 `unsafe extern "C"` function types now [implement `Clone`,
460 `PartialEq`, `Eq`, `PartialOrd`, `Ord`, `Hash`, `fmt::Pointer`, and
461 `fmt::Debug` for up to 12 arguments][1.5fp].
462 * [Dropping `Vec`s is much faster in unoptimized builds when the
463 element types don't implement `Drop`][1.5dv].
464 * A bug that caused in incorrect behavior when [combining `VecDeque`
465 with zero-sized types][1.5vdz] was resolved.
466 * [`PartialOrd` for slices is faster][1.5po].
471 * [Crate metadata size was reduced by 20%][1.5md].
472 * [Improvements to code generation reduced the size of libcore by 3.3
473 MB and rustc's memory usage by 18MB][1.5m].
474 * [Improvements to deref translation increased performance in
475 unoptimized builds][1.5dr].
476 * Various errors in trait resolution [are deduplicated to only be
477 reported once][1.5te].
478 * Rust has preliminary [support for rumprun kernels][1.5rr].
479 * Rust has preliminary [support for NetBSD on amd64][1.5na].
481 [1.5use]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28364
482 [1.5po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28436
483 [1.5ev]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28442
484 [1.5nu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28468
485 [1.5dr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28491
486 [1.5vdz]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
487 [1.5md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28521
488 [1.5fg]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28522
489 [1.5dv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28531
490 [1.5na]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28543
491 [1.5fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
492 [1.5rr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28593
493 [1.5cf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28602
494 [1.5nl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28605
495 [1.5te]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28645
496 [1.5at]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28650
497 [1.5am]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28663
498 [1.5m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28778
499 [1.5ict]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
500 [1.5a]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28811
501 [1.5pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826
502 [1.5ce]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1229-compile-time-asserts.md
503 [1.5p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1238-nonparametric-dropck.md
504 [1.5i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28921
505 [1.5fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29021
506 [1.5f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29129
507 [1.5ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29148
508 [1.5s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29190
509 [1.5d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29245
510 [1.5o]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29259
511 [1.5nd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28578
512 [1.5wf2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
513 [1.5wf1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28669
514 [dropck]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/dropck.html
515 [1.5c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/29110
516 [1.5w]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1241-no-wildcard-deps.md
517 [`cargo install`]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1200-cargo-install.md
518 [`BinaryHeap::from`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html#method.from
519 [`BinaryHeap::into_sorted_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_sorted_vec
520 [`BinaryHeap::into_vec`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.into_vec
521 [`Condvar::wait_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Condvar.html#method.wait_timeout
522 [`FileTypeExt::is_block_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_block_device
523 [`FileTypeExt::is_char_device`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_char_device
524 [`FileTypeExt::is_fifo`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_fifo
525 [`FileTypeExt::is_socket`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html#tymethod.is_socket
526 [`FileTypeExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/trait.FileTypeExt.html
527 [`Formatter::alternate`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.alternate
528 [`Formatter::fill`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.fill
529 [`Formatter::precision`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.precision
530 [`Formatter::sign_aware_zero_pad`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_aware_zero_pad
531 [`Formatter::sign_minus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_minus
532 [`Formatter::sign_plus`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.sign_plus
533 [`Formatter::width`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.width
534 [`Iterator::cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cmp
535 [`Iterator::eq`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.eq
536 [`Iterator::ge`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ge
537 [`Iterator::gt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.gt
538 [`Iterator::le`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.le
539 [`Iterator::lt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.lt
540 [`Iterator::ne`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.ne
541 [`Iterator::partial_cmp`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.partial_cmp
542 [`Path::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.canonicalize
543 [`Path::exists`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.exists
544 [`Path::is_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_dir
545 [`Path::is_file`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.is_file
546 [`Path::metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.metadata
547 [`Path::read_dir`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_dir
548 [`Path::read_link`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.read_link
549 [`Path::symlink_metadata`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/path/struct.Path.html#method.symlink_metadata
550 [`Utf8Error::valid_up_to`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/str/struct.Utf8Error.html#method.valid_up_to
551 [`Vec::resize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.resize
552 [`VecDeque::as_mut_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_mut_slices
553 [`VecDeque::as_slices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.as_slices
554 [`VecDeque::insert`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.insert
555 [`VecDeque::shrink_to_fit`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.shrink_to_fit
556 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_back`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_back
557 [`VecDeque::swap_remove_front`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.swap_remove_front
558 [`slice::split_first_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first_mut
559 [`slice::split_first`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_first
560 [`slice::split_last_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last_mut
561 [`slice::split_last`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_last
562 [`char::from_u32_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/char/fn.from_u32_unchecked.html
563 [`fs::canonicalize`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/fn.canonicalize.html
564 [`str::MatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.MatchIndices.html
565 [`str::RMatchIndices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.RMatchIndices.html
566 [`str::match_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.match_indices
567 [`str::rmatch_indices`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatch_indices
568 [`str::slice_mut_unchecked`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.slice_mut_unchecked
569 [`string::ParseError`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/string/enum.ParseError.html
571 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
572 ==========================
574 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
579 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
580 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
585 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
586 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
587 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
588 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
589 see immediate breakage.
590 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
591 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
592 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
593 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
594 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
595 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
596 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
597 signs are now accepted][fp3].
603 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
604 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
605 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
606 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
607 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
612 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
613 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
614 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
615 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
616 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
617 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
618 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
619 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
620 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
621 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
622 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
623 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
624 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
625 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
626 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
627 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
628 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
629 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
631 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
632 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
633 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
634 `f64::from_str_radix`.
635 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
637 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
638 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
639 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
641 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
642 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
643 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
645 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
647 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
649 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
650 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
651 breakage in rare situations.
652 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
653 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
655 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
656 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
657 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
658 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
659 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
660 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
661 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
663 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
668 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
669 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
670 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
672 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
673 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
675 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
678 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
679 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
680 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
681 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
682 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
683 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
684 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
685 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
686 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
687 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
688 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
689 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
690 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
691 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
692 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
693 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
694 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
695 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
696 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
697 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
698 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
699 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
700 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
701 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
702 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
703 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
704 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
705 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
706 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
707 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
708 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
709 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
710 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
711 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
712 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
713 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
714 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
715 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
716 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
717 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
718 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
719 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
720 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
721 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
722 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
723 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
724 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
725 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
726 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
727 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
728 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
729 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
730 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
731 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
732 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
733 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
734 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
735 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
736 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
737 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
738 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
739 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
740 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
741 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
742 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
743 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
744 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
745 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
746 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
747 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
748 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
750 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
751 ==============================
753 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
758 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
759 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
760 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
761 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
763 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
764 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
765 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
766 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
772 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
773 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
774 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
775 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
776 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
777 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
778 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
779 believed to break no existing code.
780 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
781 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
782 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
783 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
784 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
785 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
786 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
791 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
792 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
793 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
794 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
795 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
796 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
797 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
799 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
800 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
801 implementations correctly.
802 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
803 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
809 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
810 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
811 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
812 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
813 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
814 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
815 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
816 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
817 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
818 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
819 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
821 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
822 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
823 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
824 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
825 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
826 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
827 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
828 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
829 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
830 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
831 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
832 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
833 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
834 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
836 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
837 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
838 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
839 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
840 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
841 available to stable code anyway).
842 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
843 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
844 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
845 [better for long data][sh].
846 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
847 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
848 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
850 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
856 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
857 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
858 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
859 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
860 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
861 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
862 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
864 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
865 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
866 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
867 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
868 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
869 code to no longer build.
870 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
871 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
873 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
874 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
875 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
876 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
878 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
879 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
881 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
882 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
883 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
884 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
885 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
886 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
887 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
888 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
889 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
890 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
891 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
892 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
893 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
894 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
895 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
896 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
897 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
898 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
899 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
900 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
901 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
902 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
903 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
904 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
905 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
906 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
907 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
908 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
909 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
910 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
911 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
912 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
913 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
914 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
915 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
916 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
917 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
918 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
919 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
920 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
921 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
922 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
923 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
924 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
925 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
926 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
927 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
928 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
929 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
930 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
931 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
932 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
933 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
934 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
935 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
936 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
937 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
938 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
939 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
940 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
941 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
942 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
943 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
944 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
945 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
946 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
947 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
948 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
949 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
950 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
951 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
952 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
953 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
954 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
956 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
957 ==========================
959 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
964 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
965 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
966 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
967 implementation of DST.
968 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
969 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
970 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
971 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
972 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
974 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
975 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
976 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
978 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
979 bootstrapping over 1.1.
984 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
985 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
986 behavior and considered a bugfix.
987 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
988 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
989 in, and the same value reported by clang's
990 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
992 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
993 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
994 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
995 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
996 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
997 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
998 such this breakage has minimal impact.
1003 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
1004 matching against dereferencable values.
1009 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
1010 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
1011 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
1012 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
1013 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
1014 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
1016 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
1017 over substring matches.
1018 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
1019 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
1020 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
1021 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
1022 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
1023 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
1024 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
1025 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
1026 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
1027 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
1028 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
1030 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
1031 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
1032 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
1033 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
1034 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
1035 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
1036 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
1037 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
1038 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
1039 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
1040 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
1041 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
1042 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
1043 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
1044 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
1045 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
1046 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
1048 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
1054 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
1055 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
1056 unsafe pointers][nop].
1057 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
1058 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
1060 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
1061 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
1062 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
1063 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
1064 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
1065 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
1066 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
1067 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
1068 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
1069 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
1070 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
1071 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
1072 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
1073 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
1074 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
1075 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
1076 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
1077 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
1078 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
1079 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
1080 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
1081 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
1082 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
1083 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
1084 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
1085 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
1086 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
1087 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
1088 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
1089 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
1090 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
1091 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
1092 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
1093 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1094 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1095 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
1096 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
1097 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
1098 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
1099 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
1100 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
1101 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
1102 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
1103 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
1104 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
1105 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
1106 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
1107 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
1108 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
1109 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
1110 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
1111 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
1112 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
1114 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
1115 =========================
1117 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
1122 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
1123 functionality exposed:
1124 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
1125 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
1126 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
1127 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
1128 access to all underlying information.
1129 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
1130 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
1131 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
1132 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
1133 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
1139 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
1140 whitespace boundaries.
1141 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
1142 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
1143 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
1144 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
1145 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
1146 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
1147 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
1148 Windows, symlinks can be created with
1149 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
1150 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
1151 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
1152 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
1153 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
1154 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
1155 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
1156 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
1157 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
1158 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
1160 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
1161 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
1162 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
1163 compiler and the standard library.
1164 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
1165 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
1166 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
1167 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
1168 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
1169 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
1170 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
1171 properly exported][inc].
1172 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
1173 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
1174 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
1175 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
1180 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
1181 [multiple improvements][pre].
1182 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
1183 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
1184 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
1185 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
1186 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
1187 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
1188 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
1189 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
1191 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
1192 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
1195 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
1196 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
1197 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
1198 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
1199 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
1200 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
1201 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
1202 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
1203 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
1204 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
1205 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
1206 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
1207 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
1208 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
1209 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
1210 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
1211 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
1212 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
1213 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
1214 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
1215 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
1216 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
1217 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
1218 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
1219 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
1220 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
1221 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
1222 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
1223 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
1225 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
1226 ========================
1228 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1233 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
1234 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
1236 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
1238 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
1244 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
1245 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
1246 without breaking downstream code.
1247 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
1248 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
1249 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
1250 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
1251 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
1253 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
1254 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
1255 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
1256 to underscore for the crate name.
1257 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
1258 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
1259 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
1260 `MyType::default()`.
1261 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
1262 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
1263 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
1264 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
1265 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
1266 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
1267 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
1268 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
1269 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
1270 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
1271 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
1272 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
1273 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
1274 arguments except in minor ways.
1275 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
1276 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
1282 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
1283 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
1285 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
1286 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
1287 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
1288 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
1289 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
1290 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
1291 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
1292 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
1293 number of 'splits'][spl].
1294 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
1295 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
1296 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
1297 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
1298 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
1300 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
1302 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
1303 `String::from`][sf].
1304 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
1305 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
1306 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
1308 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
1309 was the major library focus for this cycle.
1310 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
1311 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
1312 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
1313 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
1315 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
1316 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
1317 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
1318 many existing ad hoc traits.
1319 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
1320 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
1321 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
1322 hierarchy in the future.
1323 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
1324 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
1325 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
1326 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
1327 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
1328 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
1329 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
1334 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
1335 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
1336 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
1338 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
1340 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
1341 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
1342 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
1345 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
1346 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
1347 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
1348 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
1349 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
1350 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
1351 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
1352 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
1353 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
1354 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
1355 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
1356 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
1357 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
1358 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
1359 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
1360 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
1361 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
1362 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
1363 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
1364 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
1365 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
1366 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
1367 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
1368 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
1369 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
1370 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
1371 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
1372 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
1373 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
1374 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
1375 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
1376 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
1377 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
1378 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
1379 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
1380 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
1381 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
1382 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
1385 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
1386 =====================================
1388 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
1392 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
1393 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
1394 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
1396 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
1397 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
1398 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
1399 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
1403 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
1404 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
1405 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
1406 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
1407 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
1408 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
1409 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
1410 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
1411 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
1412 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
1413 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
1414 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
1415 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
1416 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
1417 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
1418 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
1419 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
1420 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
1421 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
1422 from references to vectors into references to
1423 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
1424 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
1425 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
1426 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
1430 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
1431 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
1432 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
1433 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
1434 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
1435 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
1436 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
1437 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
1438 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
1439 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
1440 creating raw pointers.
1444 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
1445 are now [split neatly across multiple
1446 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
1447 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
1448 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
1449 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
1450 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
1451 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
1456 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
1457 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
1459 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
1460 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
1461 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
1462 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
1463 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
1464 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
1465 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
1466 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
1467 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
1468 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
1469 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
1470 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
1471 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1472 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
1473 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
1474 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
1475 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
1476 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
1477 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
1478 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
1479 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
1480 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
1481 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
1484 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
1485 ==================================
1487 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
1491 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
1492 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
1493 before the final release.
1494 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
1495 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
1497 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
1498 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
1499 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
1500 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
1501 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
1502 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
1503 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
1504 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
1505 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
1506 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
1507 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
1508 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
1509 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
1510 Rust package manager.
1514 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
1515 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
1516 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
1517 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
1518 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
1519 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
1520 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
1522 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
1523 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
1524 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
1526 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
1528 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
1529 supports OS threads, not green threads.
1530 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
1531 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
1532 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
1534 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
1535 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
1536 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
1538 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
1539 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
1541 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
1542 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
1543 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
1544 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
1545 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
1546 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
1547 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
1548 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
1549 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
1550 library types unknown to the compiler).
1551 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
1552 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
1553 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
1554 compared with `&str`.
1555 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
1556 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
1557 characters][unicode].
1558 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
1559 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
1560 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
1561 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
1562 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
1564 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
1565 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
1566 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
1567 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
1568 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
1569 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1570 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1571 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1572 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1573 unboxed closures to work.
1574 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1575 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1576 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1577 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1578 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1579 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1581 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1582 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1583 conventions][derive].
1584 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1585 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1586 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1587 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1588 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1589 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1590 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1594 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1595 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1596 improvements throughout the standard library.
1597 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1598 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1599 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1600 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1601 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1602 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1603 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1604 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1605 syscall when available.
1606 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1607 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1608 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1609 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1610 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1611 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1612 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1613 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1614 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1615 represented as strings.
1619 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1620 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1622 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1623 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1624 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1625 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1630 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1631 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1632 space than the inner types themselves.
1633 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1635 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1636 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1637 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1638 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1639 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1640 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1641 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1642 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1643 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1644 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1645 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1646 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1647 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1648 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1649 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1650 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1651 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1652 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1653 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1654 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1655 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1656 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1657 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1658 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1659 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1660 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1661 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1662 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1663 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1664 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1665 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1666 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1667 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1668 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1671 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1672 =============================
1674 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1678 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1679 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1681 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1682 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1683 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1684 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1685 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1686 stabilization progress.
1687 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1688 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1689 be installed with Cargo.
1690 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1691 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1692 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1695 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1697 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1698 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1699 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1700 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1701 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1702 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1703 impossible with the existing syntax.
1704 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1705 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1706 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1707 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1708 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1709 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1710 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1711 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1712 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1714 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1715 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1716 gate and may be removed in the future.
1717 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1718 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1720 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1721 is handled by the package manager.
1722 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1723 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1724 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1726 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1728 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1729 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1730 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1731 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1732 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1733 that capture by value.
1734 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1735 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1736 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1737 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1739 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1740 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1742 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1743 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1744 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1745 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1746 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1747 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1748 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1749 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1751 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1752 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1753 revisited in the future.
1756 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1757 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1758 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1759 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1761 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1763 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1764 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1765 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1766 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1767 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1768 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1769 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1770 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1771 idiomatic and efficient design.
1774 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1775 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1776 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1777 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1778 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1779 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1780 package manager for versioning.
1781 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1782 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1783 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1784 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1785 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1789 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1790 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1791 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1794 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1795 ==========================
1797 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1800 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1802 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1804 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1806 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1807 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1808 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1809 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1810 instead of any integral type.
1811 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1812 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1813 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1814 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1815 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1816 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1817 is still provided by a library implementation.
1818 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1819 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1820 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1821 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1822 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1823 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1824 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1825 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1826 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1827 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1828 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1829 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1830 if, while, match, and for..in.
1831 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1833 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1834 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1835 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1837 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1838 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1841 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1842 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1843 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1845 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1846 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1847 kernel development for example.
1848 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1849 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1850 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1851 better error messages.
1852 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1853 around the Result type.
1854 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1856 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1857 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1858 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1859 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1860 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1861 management of bit flags.
1862 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1863 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1864 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1865 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1866 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1867 to being based on methods.
1868 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1869 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1870 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1871 and sized deallocation
1872 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1873 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1875 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1876 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1877 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1879 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1880 an external libdebug crate.
1881 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1882 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1883 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1884 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1886 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1887 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1890 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1891 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1892 discovery of breaking changes.
1893 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1894 lifetime-related error occurs.
1895 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1896 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1897 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1898 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1899 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1900 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1901 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1902 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1903 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1904 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1905 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1906 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1907 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1908 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1909 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1910 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1911 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1912 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1913 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1915 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1916 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1917 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1918 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1919 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1920 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1921 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1922 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1923 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1927 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1928 =========================
1930 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1933 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1934 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1935 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1937 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1939 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1940 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1941 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1942 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1943 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1944 reference counting have been removed.
1945 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1946 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1947 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1948 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1949 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1950 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1952 * Unnecessary parentheses
1955 * Uppercase variables
1956 * Publicly visible private types
1957 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1958 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1959 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1960 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1961 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1962 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1963 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1964 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1965 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1966 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1967 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1968 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1969 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1971 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1972 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1973 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1974 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1976 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1977 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1978 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1979 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1981 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1982 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1983 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1986 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1987 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1988 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1989 documentation index page.
1990 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1991 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1992 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1993 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1994 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1995 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1996 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1997 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1998 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
1999 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
2000 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
2001 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
2002 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
2003 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
2004 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
2005 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
2006 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
2007 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
2008 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
2009 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
2010 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
2011 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
2012 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
2013 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
2014 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
2015 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
2016 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
2017 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
2018 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
2019 still implement the function.
2020 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
2021 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
2022 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
2023 print them in exponential notation.
2024 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
2025 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
2026 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
2027 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
2028 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
2029 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
2030 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
2031 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
2032 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
2033 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
2034 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
2035 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
2036 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
2037 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
2038 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
2039 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
2040 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
2041 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
2043 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
2044 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
2046 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
2047 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
2048 and various trimming of code.
2049 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
2050 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
2051 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
2052 dropping redundant functionality.
2053 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
2054 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
2055 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
2056 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
2058 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
2059 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
2060 hexadecimal literal.
2063 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
2064 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
2065 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
2066 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
2068 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
2070 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
2071 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
2072 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
2073 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
2074 android much more reliable.
2075 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
2076 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
2077 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
2078 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
2079 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
2080 function to fix the error.
2081 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
2083 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
2084 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
2085 * render standalone markdown files.
2086 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
2087 * exported macros are displayed.
2088 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
2090 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
2094 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
2095 ==========================
2097 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
2100 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
2101 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
2102 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
2103 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
2104 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
2105 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
2106 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
2107 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
2109 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
2110 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
2111 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
2112 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
2114 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
2115 * `@fn`s have been removed.
2116 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
2118 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
2119 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
2120 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
2121 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
2122 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
2123 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
2124 terminated with a semicolon.
2125 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
2126 no longer has any special meaning.
2127 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
2128 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
2129 `print!` and `println!`.
2130 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
2131 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
2132 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
2133 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
2134 * Macros can have attributes.
2135 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
2136 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
2137 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
2138 * Comments may be nested.
2139 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
2141 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
2142 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
2143 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
2144 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
2145 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
2146 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
2147 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
2148 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
2149 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
2150 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
2151 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
2152 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
2153 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
2154 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
2155 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
2156 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
2157 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
2159 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
2160 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
2161 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2163 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
2165 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
2166 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
2167 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
2168 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
2169 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
2170 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
2171 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
2172 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
2173 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
2174 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
2175 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
2176 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
2177 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
2180 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
2181 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
2182 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
2183 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
2184 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
2186 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
2187 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
2188 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
2189 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
2190 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
2191 just a wrapper around it).
2192 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
2193 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
2194 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
2195 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
2196 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
2197 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
2198 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
2199 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
2200 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
2201 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
2202 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
2203 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
2204 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
2205 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
2206 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
2207 if the index is out of bounds.
2208 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
2209 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
2210 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
2211 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
2213 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
2215 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
2216 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
2217 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
2218 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
2220 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
2221 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
2222 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
2223 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
2224 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
2225 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
2226 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
2227 embedded environments.
2228 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
2229 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
2231 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
2232 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
2233 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
2235 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
2237 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
2238 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
2239 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
2240 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
2241 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
2242 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
2246 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
2248 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
2249 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
2250 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
2251 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
2252 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
2253 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
2254 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
2255 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
2256 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
2260 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
2261 ============================
2263 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
2266 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
2267 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
2268 * Default methods are ready for use.
2269 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
2270 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
2271 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
2272 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
2274 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
2275 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
2277 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
2278 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
2279 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
2280 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
2281 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
2282 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
2283 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
2284 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
2285 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
2286 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
2287 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
2288 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
2289 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
2290 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
2291 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
2292 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
2293 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
2294 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
2295 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
2296 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
2297 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
2298 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
2299 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
2300 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
2301 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
2302 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
2303 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
2304 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
2305 prefixes (default: allow).
2306 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
2307 `std::unstable::simd`.
2308 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
2309 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
2310 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
2311 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2312 extension) to stdout.
2313 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
2314 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
2315 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
2316 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
2317 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
2319 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
2320 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
2321 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
2325 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
2326 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
2328 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
2329 `uint::range` and friends.
2330 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
2331 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
2332 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
2333 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
2334 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
2335 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
2336 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
2337 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
2339 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
2340 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
2342 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
2344 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
2345 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
2347 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
2348 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
2349 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
2350 no longer function pointers.
2351 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
2352 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
2353 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
2355 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
2356 is required in implementations.
2357 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
2358 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
2359 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
2360 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
2361 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
2362 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
2364 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
2365 sense in the new scheduler design.
2366 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
2368 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
2369 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
2370 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
2371 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
2372 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
2373 default implementations.
2374 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
2375 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
2376 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
2377 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
2378 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
2379 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
2380 * extra: `rope` was removed.
2381 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
2382 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
2383 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
2384 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
2385 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
2386 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
2387 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
2388 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
2389 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
2390 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
2391 * extra: `par` module removed.
2392 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
2393 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
2396 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
2397 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
2398 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
2399 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
2400 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
2401 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
2402 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
2404 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
2405 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
2406 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
2407 * All tools have man pages.
2408 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
2409 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
2410 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
2411 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
2412 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
2413 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
2416 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
2417 =======================
2419 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2422 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
2424 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
2425 many bugs and inconveniences.
2426 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
2427 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
2428 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
2429 removed due to bugs.
2430 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
2431 so they compose better.
2432 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
2433 * Trait default methods work more often.
2434 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
2435 no padding between fields.
2436 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
2438 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
2439 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
2440 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
2441 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
2442 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
2443 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
2444 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2446 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
2448 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
2449 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
2450 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
2451 are never implicitly copyable.
2452 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
2453 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
2454 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
2457 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
2459 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
2460 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
2462 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
2463 and unsuffixed integer literals.
2466 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
2467 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
2468 * More and improved documentation.
2469 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
2470 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
2471 implementations of `Iterator`.
2472 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
2473 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
2474 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
2475 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
2476 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
2477 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
2478 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
2479 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
2480 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
2481 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
2482 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
2483 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
2484 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
2485 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
2486 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
2487 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
2488 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
2489 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
2490 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
2491 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
2492 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
2493 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
2494 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
2495 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
2496 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
2497 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
2498 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
2499 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
2500 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
2501 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
2502 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
2503 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
2504 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
2505 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
2506 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
2507 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
2508 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
2509 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
2512 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
2513 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
2515 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
2517 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
2518 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
2519 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
2520 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
2521 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
2522 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
2523 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
2524 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
2525 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
2526 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
2527 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
2528 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
2529 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
2530 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
2533 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
2534 ========================
2536 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
2539 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
2540 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
2541 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
2542 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
2543 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
2544 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
2545 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
2546 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
2547 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
2548 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
2549 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
2550 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
2551 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
2552 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
2553 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
2554 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
2555 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
2556 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
2557 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
2558 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
2559 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
2560 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
2561 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
2562 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
2563 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
2564 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
2565 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
2566 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
2567 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2568 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
2569 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2570 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2571 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2572 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2573 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2574 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2575 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2576 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2577 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2578 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2581 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2582 eliminating the `move` keyword
2583 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2584 * &mut is now unaliasable
2585 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2587 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2588 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2589 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2590 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2591 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2592 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2593 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2594 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2595 * Structural records have been removed
2596 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2597 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2598 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2599 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2600 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2601 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2602 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2605 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2606 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2607 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2608 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2609 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2610 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2611 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2612 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2613 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2614 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2615 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2616 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2617 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2618 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2619 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2620 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2621 by certain container types
2624 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2625 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2626 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2627 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2628 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2629 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2630 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2631 * Various memory usage improvements
2632 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2633 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2636 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2637 ===========================
2639 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2642 * Removed `<-` move operator
2643 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2644 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2645 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2646 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2647 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2648 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2649 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2650 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2651 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2654 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2655 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2656 * Enum variants may be structs
2657 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2658 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2659 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2660 without writing `move` explicitly
2661 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2662 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2663 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2664 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2665 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2668 * Improved support for language features
2669 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2670 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2671 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2672 * Static methods work in more situations
2673 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2677 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2678 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2679 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2680 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2681 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2682 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2683 * Moved futures to `std`
2684 * More functions are pure now
2685 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2686 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2689 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2690 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2693 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2694 ==========================
2696 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2699 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2700 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2701 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2702 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2703 * Explicit method self types
2704 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2705 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2706 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2707 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2708 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2709 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2710 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2713 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2714 * Trait methods may be static
2715 * Argument modes are deprecated
2716 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2717 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2718 * Typestate was removed
2719 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2720 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2723 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2725 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2726 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2727 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2730 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2731 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2732 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2734 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2735 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2736 * More robust linked task failure
2737 * Improved task builder API
2740 * Improved error reporting
2741 * Preliminary JIT support
2742 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2743 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2744 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2745 Rust-based (visitor) code
2746 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2749 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2750 ========================
2752 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2754 * New coding conveniences
2755 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2756 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2757 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2758 * Documentation comments
2759 * More compact closure syntax
2760 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2762 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2765 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2766 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2768 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2769 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2770 * Extensive work on region pointers
2772 * Experimental new language features
2773 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2774 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2775 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2776 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2777 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2778 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2782 * Removal of various obsolete features
2783 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2784 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2786 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2787 resources (replaced by destructors)
2789 * Compiler reorganization
2790 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2791 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2792 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2795 * New time functions
2796 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2797 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2798 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2799 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2800 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2801 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2802 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2805 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2808 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2809 =========================
2811 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2813 * New docs and doc tooling
2815 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2817 * Compilation model enhancements
2818 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2819 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2821 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2822 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2823 * Explicit schedulers
2827 * Experimental new language features
2828 * Operator overloading
2832 * Various language extensions
2833 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2834 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2835 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2836 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2837 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2838 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2839 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2842 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2843 * Revived libuv interface
2844 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2845 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2846 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2849 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2850 ===============================
2852 * Most language features work, including:
2853 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2854 * Interface-constrained generics
2855 * Static interface dispatch
2857 * Multithread task scheduling
2858 * Typestate predicates
2859 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2860 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2861 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2862 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2864 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2865 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2866 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2867 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2869 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2871 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2875 * Documentation is incomplete.
2877 * Performance is below intended target.
2879 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2881 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will