1 Version 1.4.0 (2015-10-29)
2 ============================
4 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
9 * Windows builds targeting the 64-bit MSVC ABI and linker (instead of
10 GNU) are now supported and recommended for use.
15 * [Several changes have been made to fix type soundness and improve
16 the behavior of associated types][sound]. See [RFC 1214]. Although
17 we have mostly introduced these changes as warnings this release, to
18 become errors next release, there are still some scenarios that will
19 see immediate breakage.
20 * [The `str::lines` and `BufRead::lines` iterators treat `\r\n` as
21 line breaks in addition to `\n`][crlf].
22 * [Loans of `'static` lifetime extend to the end of a function][stat].
23 * [`str::parse` no longer introduces avoidable rounding error when
24 parsing floating point numbers. Together with earlier changes to
25 float formatting/output, "round trips" like f.to_string().parse()
26 now preserve the value of f exactly. Additionally, leading plus
27 signs are now accepted][fp3].
33 * `use` statements that import multiple items [can now rename
34 them][i], as in `use foo::{bar as kitten, baz as puppy}`.
35 * [Binops work correctly on fat pointers][binfat].
36 * `pub extern crate`, which does not behave as expected, [issues a
37 warning][pec] until a better solution is found.
42 * [Many APIs were stabilized][stab]: `<Box<str>>::into_string`,
43 [`Arc::downgrade`], [`Arc::get_mut`], [`Arc::make_mut`],
44 [`Arc::try_unwrap`], [`Box::from_raw`], [`Box::into_raw`], [`CStr::to_str`],
45 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`], [`CString::from_raw`], [`CString::into_raw`],
46 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`], [`IntoRawFd`],
47 `IntoRawHandle::into_raw_handle`, `IntoRawHandle`,
48 `IntoRawSocket::into_raw_socket`, `IntoRawSocket`, [`Rc::downgrade`],
49 [`Rc::get_mut`], [`Rc::make_mut`], [`Rc::try_unwrap`], [`Result::expect`],
50 [`String::into_boxed_str`], [`TcpStream::read_timeout`],
51 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`], [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`],
52 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`],
53 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`], [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`],
54 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`], `Vec::append`, `Vec::split_off`,
55 [`VecDeque::append`], [`VecDeque::retain`], [`VecDeque::split_off`],
56 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`], [`rc::Weak`], [`slice::Iter::as_slice`],
57 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`], [`str::CharIndices::as_str`],
58 [`str::Chars::as_str`], [`str::split_at_mut`], [`str::split_at`],
59 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`], [`sync::Weak`], [`thread::park_timeout`],
61 * [Some APIs were deprecated][dep]: `BTreeMap::with_b`,
62 `BTreeSet::with_b`, `Option::as_mut_slice`, `Option::as_slice`,
63 `Result::as_mut_slice`, `Result::as_slice`, `f32::from_str_radix`,
64 `f64::from_str_radix`.
65 * [Reverse-searching strings is faster with the 'two-way'
67 * [`std::io::copy` allows `?Sized` arguments][cc].
68 * The `Windows`, `Chunks`, and `ChunksMut` iterators over slices all
69 [override `count`, `nth` and `last` with an O(1)
71 * [`Default` is implemented for arrays up to `[T; 32]`][d].
72 * [`IntoRawFd` has been added to the Unix-specific prelude,
73 `IntoRawSocket` and `IntoRawHandle` to the Windows-specific
75 * [`Extend<String>` and `FromIterator<String` are both implemented for
77 * [`IntoIterator` is implemented for references to `Option` and
79 * [`HashMap` and `HashSet` implement `Extend<&T>` where `T:
80 Copy`][ext] as part of [RFC 839]. This will cause type inferance
81 breakage in rare situations.
82 * [`BinaryHeap` implements `Debug`][bh2].
83 * [`Borrow` and `BorrowMut` are implemented for fixed-size
85 * [`extern fn`s with the "Rust" and "C" ABIs implement common
86 traits including `Eq`, `Ord`, `Debug`, `Hash`][fp].
87 * [String comparison is faster][faststr].
88 * `&mut T` where `T: std::fmt::Write` [also implements
89 `std::fmt::Write`][mutw].
90 * [A stable regression in `VecDeque::push_back` and other
91 capicity-altering methods that caused panics for zero-sized types
93 * [Function pointers implement traits for up to 12 parameters][fp2].
98 * The compiler [no longer uses the 'morestack' feature to prevent
99 stack overflow][mm]. Instead it uses guard pages and stack
100 probes (though stack probes are not yet implemented on any platform
102 * [The compiler matches traits faster when projections are involved][p].
103 * The 'improper_ctypes' lint [no longer warns about use of `isize` and
105 * [Cargo now displays useful information about what its doing during
108 [`Arc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.downgrade
109 [`Arc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.make_mut
110 [`Arc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.get_mut
111 [`Arc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/arc/struct.Arc.html#method.try_unwrap
112 [`Box::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.from_raw
113 [`Box::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw
114 [`CStr::to_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_str
115 [`CStr::to_string_lossy`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.to_string_lossy
116 [`CString::from_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.from_raw
117 [`CString::into_raw`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html#method.into_raw
118 [`IntoRawFd::into_raw_fd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html#tymethod.into_raw_fd
119 [`IntoRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.IntoRawFd.html
120 [`Rc::downgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.downgrade
121 [`Rc::get_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.get_mut
122 [`Rc::make_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.make_mut
123 [`Rc::try_unwrap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#method.try_unwrap
124 [`Result::expect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#method.expect
125 [`String::into_boxed_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/string/struct.String.html#method.into_boxed_str
126 [`TcpStream::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
127 [`TcpStream::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
128 [`TcpStream::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
129 [`TcpStream::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
130 [`UdpSocket::read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.read_timeout
131 [`UdpSocket::set_read_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_read_timeout
132 [`UdpSocket::write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write_timeout
133 [`UdpSocket::set_write_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.set_write_timeout
134 [`VecDeque::append`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.append
135 [`VecDeque::retain`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.retain
136 [`VecDeque::split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html#method.split_off
137 [`rc::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
138 [`rc::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/rc/struct.Weak.html
139 [`slice::Iter::as_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.Iter.html#method.as_slice
140 [`slice::IterMut::into_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/struct.IterMut.html#method.into_slice
141 [`str::CharIndices::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.CharIndices.html#method.as_str
142 [`str::Chars::as_str`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/str/struct.Chars.html#method.as_str
143 [`str::split_at_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut
144 [`str::split_at`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at
145 [`sync::Weak::upgrade`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html#method.upgrade
146 [`sync::Weak`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Weak.html
147 [`thread::park_timeout`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.park_timeout.html
148 [`thread::sleep`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.sleep.html
149 [bh2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28156
150 [binfat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28270
151 [bm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28197
152 [cc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27531
153 [crlf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28034
154 [cu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1931
155 [d]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27825
156 [dep]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
157 [es]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27956
158 [ext]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28094
159 [faststr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28338
160 [ffi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28779
161 [fp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28268
162 [fp2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28560
163 [fp3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27307
164 [i]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27451
165 [into2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28039
166 [it]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27652
167 [mm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27338
168 [mutw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28368
169 [sound]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27641
170 [p]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27866
171 [pec]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28486
172 [pr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27896
173 [RFC 839]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
174 [RFC 1214]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1214-projections-lifetimes-and-wf.md
175 [s]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27474
176 [stab]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28339
177 [stat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28321
178 [vd]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28494
180 Version 1.3.0 (2015-09-17)
181 ==============================
183 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
188 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
189 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
190 like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
191 being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
193 * [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
194 that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
195 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
196 timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
202 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
203 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
204 * There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
205 interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
206 * The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
207 detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
208 behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
209 believed to break no existing code.
210 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
211 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
212 the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
213 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
214 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
215 [RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
216 cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
221 * The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
222 on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
223 * Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
224 macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
225 * The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
226 [more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
227 the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
229 * `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
230 * `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
231 implementations correctly.
232 * The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
233 destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
239 * The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
240 `std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
241 * `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
242 * The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
243 borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
244 these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
245 * [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
246 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
247 * [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
248 in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
249 [`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
251 * Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
252 instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
253 number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
254 [`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
255 [`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
256 * The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
257 * The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
258 is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
259 * The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
260 methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
261 * The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
262 methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
263 [`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
264 of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
266 * [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
267 `u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
268 * The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
269 [`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
270 [`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
271 available to stable code anyway).
272 * The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
273 * [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
274 * Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
275 [better for long data][sh].
276 * [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
277 * The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
278 are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
280 * Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
286 * Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
287 Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
288 * Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
289 ([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
290 recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
291 in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
292 * On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
294 * The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
295 be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
296 * The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
297 destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
298 soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
299 code to no longer build.
300 * `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
301 Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
303 * Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
304 supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
305 * The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
306 [`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
308 * If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
309 will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
311 [`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
312 [`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
313 [`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
314 [`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
315 [`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
316 [`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
317 [`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
318 [`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
319 [`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
320 [`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
321 [`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
322 [`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
323 [`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
324 [`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hasher.html
325 [`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
326 [`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
327 [`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
328 [`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
329 [`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
330 [`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
331 [`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
332 [`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
333 [`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
334 [`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
335 [`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
336 [`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
337 [`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
338 [`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
339 [ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
340 [b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
341 [dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
342 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
343 [dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
344 [ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
345 [dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
346 [dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
347 [dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
348 [e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
349 [f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
350 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
351 [fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
352 [hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
353 [ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
354 [iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
355 [iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
356 [iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
357 [ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
358 [lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
359 [lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
360 [lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
361 [lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
362 [lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
363 [nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
364 [nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
365 [nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
366 [nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
367 [pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
368 [pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
369 [ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
370 [rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
371 [sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
372 [search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
373 [sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
374 [sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
375 [sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
376 [srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
377 [ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
378 [ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
379 [st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
380 [win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
381 [win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
382 [win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
383 [win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
384 [xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
386 Version 1.2.0 (2015-08-07)
387 ==========================
389 * ~1200 changes, numerous bugfixes
394 * [Dynamically-sized-type coercions][dst] allow smart pointer types
395 like `Rc` to contain types without a fixed size, arrays and trait
396 objects, finally enabling use of `Rc<[T]>` and completing the
397 implementation of DST.
398 * [Parallel codegen][parcodegen] is now working again, which can
399 substantially speed up large builds in debug mode; It also gets
400 another ~33% speedup when bootstrapping on a 4 core machine (using 8
401 jobs). It's not enabled by default, but will be "in the near
402 future". It can be activated with the `-C codegen-units=N` flag to
404 * This is the first release with [experimental support for linking
405 with the MSVC linker and lib C on Windows (instead of using the GNU
406 variants via MinGW)][win]. It is yet recommended only for the most
408 * Benchmark compilations are showing a 30% improvement in
409 bootstrapping over 1.1.
414 * The [`to_uppercase`] and [`to_lowercase`] methods on `char` now do
415 unicode case mapping, which is a previously-planned change in
416 behavior and considered a bugfix.
417 * [`mem::align_of`] now specifies [the *minimum alignment* for
418 T][align], which is usually the alignment programs are interested
419 in, and the same value reported by clang's
420 `alignof`. [`mem::min_align_of`] is deprecated. This is not known to
422 * [The `#[packed]` attribute is no longer silently accepted by the
423 compiler][packed]. This attribute did nothing and code that
424 mentioned it likely did not work as intended.
425 * Associated type defaults are [now behind the
426 `associated_type_defaults` feature gate][ad]. In 1.1 associated type
427 defaults *did not work*, but could be mentioned syntactically. As
428 such this breakage has minimal impact.
433 * Patterns with `ref mut` now correctly invoke [`DerefMut`] when
434 matching against dereferencable values.
439 * The [`Extend`] trait, which grows a collection from an iterator, is
440 implemented over iterators of references, for `String`, `Vec`,
441 `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`, `EnumSet`, `BinaryHeap`, `VecMap`,
442 `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`. [RFC][extend-rfc].
443 * The [`iter::once`] function returns an iterator that yields a single
444 element, and [`iter::empty`] returns an iterator that yields no
446 * The [`matches`] and [`rmatches`] methods on `str` return iterators
447 over substring matches.
448 * [`Cell`] and [`RefCell`] both implement `Eq`.
449 * A number of methods for wrapping arithmetic are added to the
450 integral types, [`wrapping_div`], [`wrapping_rem`],
451 [`wrapping_neg`], [`wrapping_shl`], [`wrapping_shr`]. These are in
452 addition to the existing [`wrapping_add`], [`wrapping_sub`], and
453 [`wrapping_mul`] methods, and alternatives to the [`Wrapping`]
454 type.. It is illegal for the default arithmetic operations in Rust
455 to overflow; the desire to wrap must be explicit.
456 * The `{:#?}` formatting specifier [displays the alternate,
457 pretty-printed][debugfmt] form of the `Debug` formatter. This
458 feature was actually introduced prior to 1.0 with little
460 * [`fmt::Formatter`] implements [`fmt::Write`], a `fmt`-specific trait
461 for writing data to formatted strings, similar to [`io::Write`].
462 * [`fmt::Formatter`] adds 'debug builder' methods, [`debug_struct`],
463 [`debug_tuple`], [`debug_list`], [`debug_set`], [`debug_map`]. These
464 are used by code generators to emit implementations of [`Debug`].
465 * `str` has new [`to_uppercase`][strup] and [`to_lowercase`][strlow]
466 methods that convert case, following Unicode case mapping.
467 * It is now easier to handle poisoned locks. The [`PoisonError`]
468 type, returned by failing lock operations, exposes `into_inner`,
469 `get_ref`, and `get_mut`, which all give access to the inner lock
470 guard, and allow the poisoned lock to continue to operate. The
471 `is_poisoned` method of [`RwLock`] and [`Mutex`] can poll for a
472 poisoned lock without attempting to take the lock.
473 * On Unix the [`FromRawFd`] trait is implemented for [`Stdio`], and
474 [`AsRawFd`] for [`ChildStdin`], [`ChildStdout`], [`ChildStderr`].
475 On Windows the `FromRawHandle` trait is implemented for `Stdio`,
476 and `AsRawHandle` for `ChildStdin`, `ChildStdout`,
478 * [`io::ErrorKind`] has a new variant, `InvalidData`, which indicates
484 * `rustc` employs smarter heuristics for guessing at [typos].
485 * `rustc` emits more efficient code for [no-op conversions between
486 unsafe pointers][nop].
487 * Fat pointers are now [passed in pairs of immediate arguments][fat],
488 resulting in faster compile times and smaller code.
490 [`Extend`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.Extend.html
491 [extend-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0839-embrace-extend-extinguish.md
492 [`iter::once`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.once.html
493 [`iter::empty`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/fn.empty.html
494 [`matches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.matches
495 [`rmatches`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rmatches
496 [`Cell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.Cell.html
497 [`RefCell`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html
498 [`wrapping_add`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_add
499 [`wrapping_sub`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_sub
500 [`wrapping_mul`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_mul
501 [`wrapping_div`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_div
502 [`wrapping_rem`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_rem
503 [`wrapping_neg`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_neg
504 [`wrapping_shl`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shl
505 [`wrapping_shr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.i8.html#method.wrapping_shr
506 [`Wrapping`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
507 [`fmt::Formatter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/struct.Formatter.html
508 [`fmt::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Write.html
509 [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Write.html
510 [`debug_struct`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_struct
511 [`debug_tuple`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_tuple
512 [`debug_list`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_list
513 [`debug_set`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_set
514 [`debug_map`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html#method.debug_map
515 [`Debug`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
516 [strup]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_uppercase
517 [strlow]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.to_lowercase
518 [`to_uppercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_uppercase
519 [`to_lowercase`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.char.html#method.to_lowercase
520 [`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html
521 [`RwLock`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.RwLock.html
522 [`Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
523 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
524 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
525 [`Stdio`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Stdio.html
526 [`ChildStdin`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdin.html
527 [`ChildStdout`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStdout.html
528 [`ChildStderr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.ChildStderr.html
529 [`io::ErrorKind`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html
530 [debugfmt]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/3ceaui/psa_produces_prettyprinted_debug_output/
531 [`DerefMut`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
532 [`mem::align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of.html
533 [align]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25646
534 [`mem::min_align_of`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.min_align_of.html
535 [typos]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26087
536 [nop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26336
537 [fat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26411
538 [dst]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0982-dst-coercion.md
539 [parcodegen]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26018
540 [packed]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25541
541 [ad]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27382
542 [win]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25350
544 Version 1.1.0 (2015-06-25)
545 =========================
547 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
552 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs] to expand the set of
553 functionality exposed:
554 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
555 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
556 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
557 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
558 access to all underlying information.
559 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
560 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
561 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
562 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
563 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
569 * The [`str::split_whitespace`] method splits a string on unicode
570 whitespace boundaries.
571 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
572 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
573 traits are [`FromRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
574 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
575 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
576 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
577 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
578 Windows, symlinks can be created with
579 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
580 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
581 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
582 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
583 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
584 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
585 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
586 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
587 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
588 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
590 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
591 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
592 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
593 compiler and the standard library.
594 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
595 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
596 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
597 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
598 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
599 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
600 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
601 properly exported][inc].
602 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
603 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
604 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
605 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
610 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
611 [multiple improvements][pre].
612 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
613 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
614 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
615 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
616 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
617 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
618 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
619 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
621 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
622 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
625 [`str::split_whitespace`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
626 [`FromRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
627 [`AsRawFd`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
628 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
629 [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
630 [`From`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
631 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
632 [err-index]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
633 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
634 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
635 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
636 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
637 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
638 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
639 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
640 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
641 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
642 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
643 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
644 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
645 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
646 [`Cloned`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
647 [`Incoming`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
648 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
649 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
650 [`BinaryHeap`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
651 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
652 [`split_off`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
653 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
655 Version 1.0.0 (2015-05-15)
656 ========================
658 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
663 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
664 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
666 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
668 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
674 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
675 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
676 without breaking downstream code.
677 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
678 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
679 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
680 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
681 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
683 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
684 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
685 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
686 to underscore for the crate name.
687 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
688 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
689 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
691 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
692 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
693 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
694 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
695 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
696 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
697 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
698 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
699 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
700 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
701 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
702 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
703 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
704 arguments except in minor ways.
705 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
706 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
712 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
713 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
715 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
716 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
717 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
718 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
719 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
720 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
721 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
722 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
723 number of 'splits'][spl].
724 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
725 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
726 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
727 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
728 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
730 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
732 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
734 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
735 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
736 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
738 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
739 was the major library focus for this cycle.
740 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
741 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
742 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
743 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
745 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
746 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
747 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
748 many existing ad hoc traits.
749 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
750 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
751 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
752 hierarchy in the future.
753 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
754 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
755 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
756 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
757 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
758 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
759 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
764 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
765 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
766 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
768 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
770 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
771 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
772 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
775 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
776 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
777 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
778 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
779 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
780 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
781 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
782 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
783 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
784 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
785 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
786 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
787 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
788 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
789 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
790 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
791 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
792 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
793 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
794 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
795 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
796 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
797 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
798 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
799 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
800 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
801 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
802 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
803 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
804 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
805 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
806 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
807 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
808 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
809 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
810 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
811 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
812 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
815 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (2015-02-20)
816 =====================================
818 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
822 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
823 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
824 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
826 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
827 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
828 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
829 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
833 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
834 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
835 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
836 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
837 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
838 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
839 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
840 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
841 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
842 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
843 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
844 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
845 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
846 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
847 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
848 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
849 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
850 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
851 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
852 from references to vectors into references to
853 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
854 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
855 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
856 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
860 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
861 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
862 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
863 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
864 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
865 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
866 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
867 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
868 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
869 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
870 creating raw pointers.
874 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
875 are now [split neatly across multiple
876 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
877 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
878 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
879 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
880 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
881 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
886 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
887 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
889 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
890 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
891 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
892 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
893 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
894 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
895 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
896 [feat-forum]: https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
897 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
898 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
899 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
900 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
901 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
902 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
903 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
904 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
905 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
906 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
907 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
908 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
909 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
910 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
911 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
914 Version 1.0.0-alpha (2015-01-09)
915 ==================================
917 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
921 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
922 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
923 before the final release.
924 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
925 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
927 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
928 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
929 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
930 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
931 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
932 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
933 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
934 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
935 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
936 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
937 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
938 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
939 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
940 Rust package manager.
944 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
945 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
946 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
947 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
948 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
949 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
950 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
952 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
953 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
954 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
956 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
958 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
959 supports OS threads, not green threads.
960 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
961 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
962 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
964 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
965 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
966 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
968 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
969 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
971 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
972 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
973 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
974 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
975 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
976 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
977 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
978 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
979 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
980 library types unknown to the compiler).
981 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
982 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
983 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
984 compared with `&str`.
985 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
986 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
987 characters][unicode].
988 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
989 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
990 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
991 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
992 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
994 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
995 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
996 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
997 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
998 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
999 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
1000 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
1001 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
1002 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
1003 unboxed closures to work.
1004 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
1005 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
1006 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
1007 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
1008 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
1009 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
1011 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
1012 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
1013 conventions][derive].
1014 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
1015 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
1016 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
1017 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
1018 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
1019 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
1020 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
1024 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
1025 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
1026 improvements throughout the standard library.
1027 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
1028 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
1029 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
1030 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
1031 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
1032 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
1033 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
1034 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
1035 syscall when available.
1036 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
1037 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
1038 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
1039 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
1040 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
1041 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
1042 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
1043 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
1044 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
1045 represented as strings.
1049 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
1050 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
1052 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
1053 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
1054 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
1055 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
1060 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
1061 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
1062 space than the inner types themselves.
1063 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
1065 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
1066 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
1067 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
1068 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
1069 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
1070 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
1071 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
1072 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
1073 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
1074 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
1075 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
1076 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
1077 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
1078 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
1079 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
1080 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
1081 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
1082 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
1083 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
1084 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
1085 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
1086 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
1087 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
1088 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
1089 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
1090 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
1091 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
1092 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
1093 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
1094 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
1095 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
1096 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
1097 [trpl]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
1098 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
1101 Version 0.12.0 (2014-10-09)
1102 =============================
1104 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1108 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
1109 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
1111 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
1112 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
1113 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
1114 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
1115 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
1116 stabilization progress.
1117 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
1118 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
1119 be installed with Cargo.
1120 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
1121 function declarations in many common scenarios.
1122 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
1125 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
1127 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
1128 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
1129 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
1130 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
1131 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
1132 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
1133 impossible with the existing syntax.
1134 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
1135 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
1136 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
1137 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
1138 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
1139 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
1140 potential additional uses of the syntax.
1141 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
1142 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
1144 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
1145 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
1146 gate and may be removed in the future.
1147 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
1148 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
1150 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
1151 is handled by the package manager.
1152 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
1153 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
1154 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
1156 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
1158 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
1159 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
1160 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
1161 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
1162 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
1163 that capture by value.
1164 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
1165 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
1166 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
1167 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
1169 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
1170 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
1172 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
1173 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
1174 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
1175 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
1176 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
1177 (`[T]`) and trait types.
1178 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
1179 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
1181 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
1182 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
1183 revisited in the future.
1186 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
1187 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
1188 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
1189 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
1191 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
1193 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
1194 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
1195 `Timespec` arithmetic.
1196 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
1197 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
1198 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
1199 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
1200 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
1201 idiomatic and efficient design.
1204 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
1205 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
1206 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
1207 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
1208 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
1209 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
1210 package manager for versioning.
1211 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
1212 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
1213 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
1214 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
1215 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
1219 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
1220 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
1221 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
1224 Version 0.11.0 (2014-07-02)
1225 ==========================
1227 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
1230 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1232 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
1234 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1236 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
1237 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
1238 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
1239 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
1240 instead of any integral type.
1241 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
1242 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
1243 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
1244 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
1245 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
1246 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
1247 is still provided by a library implementation.
1248 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
1249 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
1250 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
1251 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
1252 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
1253 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
1254 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
1255 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
1256 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
1257 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
1258 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1259 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
1260 if, while, match, and for..in.
1261 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
1263 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
1264 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
1265 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
1267 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
1268 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
1271 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
1272 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
1273 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
1275 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
1276 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
1277 kernel development for example.
1278 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
1279 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
1280 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
1281 better error messages.
1282 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
1283 around the Result type.
1284 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
1286 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
1287 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
1288 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
1289 their forward-iteration counterparts.
1290 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
1291 management of bit flags.
1292 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
1293 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
1294 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
1295 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
1296 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
1297 to being based on methods.
1298 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
1299 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
1300 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
1301 and sized deallocation
1302 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
1303 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
1305 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
1306 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
1307 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
1309 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
1310 an external libdebug crate.
1311 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
1312 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
1313 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
1314 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
1316 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
1317 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
1320 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
1321 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
1322 discovery of breaking changes.
1323 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
1324 lifetime-related error occurs.
1325 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
1326 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
1327 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
1328 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
1329 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
1330 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
1331 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
1332 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
1333 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
1334 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
1335 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
1336 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
1337 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
1338 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
1339 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
1340 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
1341 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
1342 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
1343 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
1345 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
1346 sharing rust code examples on-line.
1347 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
1348 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
1349 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
1350 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
1351 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
1352 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
1353 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
1357 Version 0.10 (2014-04-03)
1358 =========================
1360 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1363 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
1364 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
1365 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
1367 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
1369 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
1370 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
1371 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
1372 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
1373 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
1374 reference counting have been removed.
1375 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
1376 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
1377 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
1378 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
1379 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
1380 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
1382 * Unnecessary parentheses
1385 * Uppercase variables
1386 * Publicly visible private types
1387 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
1388 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
1389 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
1390 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
1391 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
1392 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
1393 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
1394 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
1395 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
1396 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
1397 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
1398 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
1399 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
1401 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
1402 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
1403 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
1404 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
1406 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
1407 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
1408 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
1409 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
1411 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
1412 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
1413 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
1416 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
1417 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
1418 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
1419 documentation index page.
1420 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
1421 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
1422 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
1423 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
1424 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
1425 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
1426 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
1427 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
1428 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
1429 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
1430 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
1431 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
1432 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
1433 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
1434 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
1435 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
1436 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
1437 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
1438 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
1439 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
1440 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
1441 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
1442 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
1443 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
1444 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
1445 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
1446 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
1447 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
1448 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
1449 still implement the function.
1450 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
1451 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
1452 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
1453 print them in exponential notation.
1454 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
1455 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
1456 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
1457 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
1458 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
1459 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
1460 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
1461 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
1462 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
1463 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
1464 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
1465 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
1466 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
1467 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
1468 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
1469 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
1470 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
1471 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
1473 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
1474 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
1476 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
1477 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
1478 and various trimming of code.
1479 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
1480 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
1481 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
1482 dropping redundant functionality.
1483 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
1484 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
1485 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
1486 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
1488 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
1489 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
1490 hexadecimal literal.
1493 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
1494 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
1495 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
1496 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
1498 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
1500 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
1501 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
1502 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
1503 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
1504 android much more reliable.
1505 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
1506 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
1507 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
1508 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
1509 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
1510 function to fix the error.
1511 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
1513 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
1514 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
1515 * render standalone markdown files.
1516 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
1517 * exported macros are displayed.
1518 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
1520 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
1524 Version 0.9 (2014-01-09)
1525 ==========================
1527 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
1530 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
1531 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
1532 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
1533 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
1534 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
1535 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
1536 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
1537 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
1539 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
1540 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
1541 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
1542 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
1544 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
1545 * `@fn`s have been removed.
1546 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
1548 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
1549 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
1550 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
1551 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
1552 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
1553 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
1554 terminated with a semicolon.
1555 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
1556 no longer has any special meaning.
1557 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
1558 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
1559 `print!` and `println!`.
1560 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
1561 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
1562 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
1563 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
1564 * Macros can have attributes.
1565 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
1566 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
1567 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
1568 * Comments may be nested.
1569 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
1571 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
1572 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
1573 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
1574 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
1575 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
1576 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
1577 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
1578 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
1579 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
1580 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
1581 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
1582 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
1583 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
1584 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
1585 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
1586 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
1587 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
1589 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
1590 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
1591 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1593 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1595 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
1596 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
1597 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
1598 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
1599 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
1600 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
1601 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
1602 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
1603 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
1604 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
1605 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
1606 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
1607 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
1610 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
1611 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
1612 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
1613 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
1614 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
1616 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
1617 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
1618 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
1619 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
1620 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
1621 just a wrapper around it).
1622 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
1623 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
1624 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
1625 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
1626 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
1627 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
1628 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
1629 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
1630 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
1631 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
1632 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
1633 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
1634 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
1635 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
1636 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
1637 if the index is out of bounds.
1638 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
1639 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
1640 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
1641 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
1643 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
1645 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
1646 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
1647 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
1648 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1650 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1651 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1652 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1653 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1654 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1655 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1656 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1657 embedded environments.
1658 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1659 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1661 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1662 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1663 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1665 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1667 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1668 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1669 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1670 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1671 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1672 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1676 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1678 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1679 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1680 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1681 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1682 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1683 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1684 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1685 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1686 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1690 Version 0.8 (2013-09-26)
1691 ============================
1693 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1696 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1697 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1698 * Default methods are ready for use.
1699 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1700 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1701 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1702 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1704 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1705 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1707 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1708 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1709 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1710 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1711 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1712 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1713 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1714 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1715 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1716 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1717 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1718 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1719 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1720 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1721 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1722 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1723 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1724 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1725 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1726 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1727 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1728 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1729 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1730 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1731 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1732 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1733 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1734 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1735 prefixes (default: allow).
1736 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1737 `std::unstable::simd`.
1738 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1739 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1740 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1741 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1742 extension) to stdout.
1743 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1744 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1745 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1746 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1747 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1749 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1750 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1751 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1755 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1756 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1758 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1759 `uint::range` and friends.
1760 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1761 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1762 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1763 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1764 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1765 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1766 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1767 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1769 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1770 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1772 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1774 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1775 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1777 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1778 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1779 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1780 no longer function pointers.
1781 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1782 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1783 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1785 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1786 is required in implementations.
1787 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1788 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1789 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1790 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1791 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1792 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1794 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1795 sense in the new scheduler design.
1796 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1798 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1799 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1800 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1801 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1802 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1803 default implementations.
1804 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1805 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1806 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1807 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1808 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1809 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1810 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1811 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1812 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1813 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1814 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1815 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1816 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1817 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1818 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1819 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1820 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1821 * extra: `par` module removed.
1822 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1823 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1826 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1827 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1828 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1829 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1830 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1831 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1832 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1834 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1835 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1836 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1837 * All tools have man pages.
1838 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1839 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1840 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1841 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1842 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1843 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1846 Version 0.7 (2013-07-03)
1847 =======================
1849 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1852 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1854 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1855 many bugs and inconveniences.
1856 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1857 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1858 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1859 removed due to bugs.
1860 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1861 so they compose better.
1862 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1863 * Trait default methods work more often.
1864 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1865 no padding between fields.
1866 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1868 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1869 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1870 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1871 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1872 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1873 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1874 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1876 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1878 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1879 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1880 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1881 are never implicitly copyable.
1882 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1883 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1884 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1887 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1889 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1890 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1892 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1893 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1896 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1897 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1898 * More and improved documentation.
1899 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1900 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1901 implementations of `Iterator`.
1902 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1903 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1904 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1905 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1906 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1907 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1908 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1909 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1910 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1911 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1912 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1913 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1914 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1915 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1916 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1917 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1918 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1919 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1920 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1921 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1922 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1923 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1924 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1925 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1926 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1927 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1928 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1929 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1930 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1931 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1932 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1933 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1934 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1935 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1936 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1937 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1938 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1939 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1942 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1943 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1945 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1947 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1948 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1949 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1950 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1951 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1952 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1953 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1954 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1955 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1956 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1957 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1958 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1959 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1960 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1963 Version 0.6 (2013-04-03)
1964 ========================
1966 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1969 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1970 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1971 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1972 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1973 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1974 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1975 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1976 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1977 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1978 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1979 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1980 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1981 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1982 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1983 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1984 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1985 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1986 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1987 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1988 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1989 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1990 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1991 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1992 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1993 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1994 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1995 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1996 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1997 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1998 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1999 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
2000 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
2001 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
2002 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
2003 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
2004 instead of `foo as Bar`.
2005 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
2006 instead of `[int * 3]`.
2007 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
2008 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
2011 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
2012 eliminating the `move` keyword
2013 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
2014 * &mut is now unaliasable
2015 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
2017 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
2018 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
2019 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
2020 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
2021 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
2022 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
2023 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
2024 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
2025 * Structural records have been removed
2026 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
2027 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
2028 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
2029 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
2030 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
2031 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
2032 tagged with #[macro_escape]
2035 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
2036 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
2037 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
2038 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
2039 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
2040 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
2041 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
2042 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
2043 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
2044 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
2045 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
2046 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
2047 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
2048 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
2049 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
2050 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
2051 by certain container types
2054 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
2055 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
2056 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
2057 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
2058 * Improved support for ARM and Android
2059 * Preliminary MIPS backend
2060 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
2061 * Various memory usage improvements
2062 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
2063 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
2066 Version 0.5 (2012-12-21)
2067 ===========================
2069 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2072 * Removed `<-` move operator
2073 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
2074 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
2075 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
2076 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
2077 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
2078 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
2079 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
2080 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
2081 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
2084 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
2085 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
2086 * Enum variants may be structs
2087 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
2088 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
2089 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
2090 without writing `move` explicitly
2091 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
2092 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
2093 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
2094 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
2095 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
2098 * Improved support for language features
2099 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
2100 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
2101 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
2102 * Static methods work in more situations
2103 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
2107 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
2108 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
2109 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
2110 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
2111 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
2112 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
2113 * Moved futures to `std`
2114 * More functions are pure now
2115 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
2116 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
2119 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
2120 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
2123 Version 0.4 (2012-10-15)
2124 ==========================
2126 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
2129 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
2130 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
2131 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
2132 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
2133 * Explicit method self types
2134 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
2135 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
2136 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
2137 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
2138 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
2139 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
2140 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
2143 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
2144 * Trait methods may be static
2145 * Argument modes are deprecated
2146 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
2147 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
2148 * Typestate was removed
2149 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
2150 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
2153 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
2155 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
2156 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
2157 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
2160 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
2161 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
2162 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
2164 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
2165 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
2166 * More robust linked task failure
2167 * Improved task builder API
2170 * Improved error reporting
2171 * Preliminary JIT support
2172 * Preliminary work on precise GC
2173 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
2174 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
2175 Rust-based (visitor) code
2176 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
2179 Version 0.3 (2012-07-12)
2180 ========================
2182 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
2184 * New coding conveniences
2185 * Integer-literal suffix inference
2186 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
2187 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
2188 * Documentation comments
2189 * More compact closure syntax
2190 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
2192 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
2195 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
2196 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
2198 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
2199 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
2200 * Extensive work on region pointers
2202 * Experimental new language features
2203 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
2204 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
2205 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
2206 type-parameterized classes and class methods
2207 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
2208 shared-memory concurrency patterns
2212 * Removal of various obsolete features
2213 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
2214 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
2216 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
2217 resources (replaced by destructors)
2219 * Compiler reorganization
2220 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
2221 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
2222 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
2225 * New time functions
2226 * Extension methods for many built-in types
2227 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
2228 * Par: parallel map and search routines
2229 * Extensive work on libuv interface
2230 * Much vector code moved to libraries
2231 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
2232 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
2235 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
2238 Version 0.2 (2012-03-29)
2239 =========================
2241 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
2243 * New docs and doc tooling
2245 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
2247 * Compilation model enhancements
2248 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
2249 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
2251 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
2252 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
2253 * Explicit schedulers
2257 * Experimental new language features
2258 * Operator overloading
2262 * Various language extensions
2263 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
2264 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
2265 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
2266 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
2267 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
2268 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
2269 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
2272 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
2273 * Revived libuv interface
2274 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
2275 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
2276 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
2279 Version 0.1 (2012-01-20)
2280 ===============================
2282 * Most language features work, including:
2283 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
2284 * Interface-constrained generics
2285 * Static interface dispatch
2287 * Multithread task scheduling
2288 * Typestate predicates
2289 * Failure unwinding, destructors
2290 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
2291 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
2292 * Preliminary macro-by-example
2294 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
2295 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2296 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
2297 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
2299 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
2301 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
2305 * Documentation is incomplete.
2307 * Performance is below intended target.
2309 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
2311 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will