1 Version 1.0.0 (May 2015)
2 ========================
4 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
9 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
10 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
12 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
14 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
20 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
21 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
22 without breaking downsteam code.
23 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
24 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
25 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
26 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eleminating the need for
27 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
29 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
30 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
31 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
32 to underscore for the crate name.
33 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
34 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
35 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
37 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
38 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
39 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
40 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
41 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
42 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
43 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
44 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
45 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
46 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
47 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
48 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
49 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
50 arguments except in minor ways.
51 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
52 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
58 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
59 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
61 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
62 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
63 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
64 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
65 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
66 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
67 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
68 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
69 number of 'splits'][spl].
70 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
71 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
72 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
73 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
74 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
76 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
78 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
80 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
81 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
82 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
84 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
85 was the major library focus for this cycle.
86 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
87 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
88 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
89 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
91 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
92 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
93 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
94 many existing ad hoc traits.
95 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
96 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
97 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
98 hierarchy in the future.
99 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
100 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
101 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
102 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
103 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
104 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
105 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
110 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
111 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
112 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
114 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
116 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
117 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
118 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
121 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
122 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
123 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
124 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
125 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
126 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
127 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
128 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
129 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
130 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
131 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
132 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
133 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
134 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
135 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
136 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
137 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
138 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
139 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
140 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
141 [scoped]: http://static.rust-lang.org/doc/master/std/thread/fn.scoped.html
142 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
143 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
144 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
145 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
146 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
147 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
148 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
149 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
150 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
151 [debug-builder]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0640-debug-improvements.md
152 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
153 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
154 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
155 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
156 [fundamental]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1023
157 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
158 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
159 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
160 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
161 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
164 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
165 -------------------------------------
167 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
171 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
172 unncessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
173 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
175 * The standard library now [partipates in feature gating][feat],
176 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
177 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
178 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
182 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
183 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
184 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
185 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
186 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
187 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
188 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
189 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
190 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
191 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
192 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
193 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
194 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
195 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
196 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
197 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
198 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
199 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
200 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
201 from references to vectors into references to
202 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
203 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
204 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
205 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
209 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
210 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
211 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
212 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
213 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
214 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
215 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
216 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
217 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
218 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
219 creating raw pointers.
223 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
224 are now [split neatly across multiple
225 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
226 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
227 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
228 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
229 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
230 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
235 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
236 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
238 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
239 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
240 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
241 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
242 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
243 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
244 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
245 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
246 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
247 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
248 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
249 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
250 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
251 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
252 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
253 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
254 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
255 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
256 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
257 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
258 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
259 [ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21077
260 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
261 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
263 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
264 ----------------------------------
266 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
270 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
271 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
272 before the final release.
273 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
274 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
276 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
277 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
278 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
279 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
280 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
281 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
282 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
283 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
284 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
285 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
286 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
287 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
288 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
289 Rust package manager.
293 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
294 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
295 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
296 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
297 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
298 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
299 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
301 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
302 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
303 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
305 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
307 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
308 supports OS threads, not green threads.
309 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
310 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
311 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
313 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
314 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
315 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
317 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
318 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
320 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
321 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
322 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
323 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
324 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
325 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
326 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
327 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
328 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
329 library types unknown to the compiler).
330 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
331 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
332 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
333 compared with `&str`.
334 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
335 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
336 characters][unicode].
337 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
338 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
339 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
340 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
341 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
343 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
344 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
345 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
346 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
347 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
348 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
349 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
350 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
351 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
352 unboxed closures to work.
353 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
354 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
355 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
356 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
357 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
358 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
360 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
361 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
362 conventions][derive].
363 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
364 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
365 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
366 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
367 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
368 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
369 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
373 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
374 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
375 improvements throughout the standard library.
376 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
377 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
378 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
379 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
380 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
381 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
382 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
383 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
384 syscall when available.
385 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
386 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
387 used now, it is expected to be superceded in the near future.
388 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
389 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
390 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
391 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
392 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
393 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
394 represented as strings.
398 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
399 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
401 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
402 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
403 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
404 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
409 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
410 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
411 space than the inner types themselves.
412 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
414 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
415 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
416 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
417 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
418 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
419 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
420 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
421 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
422 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
423 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
424 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
425 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
426 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
427 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
428 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
429 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
430 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
431 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
432 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
433 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
434 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
435 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
436 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
437 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
438 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
439 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
440 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
441 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
442 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
443 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
444 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
445 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
446 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
447 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
449 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
450 -----------------------------
452 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
456 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
457 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
459 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
460 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
461 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
462 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
463 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
464 stabilization progress.
465 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
466 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
467 be installed with Cargo.
468 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
469 function declarations in many common scenarios.
470 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
473 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
475 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
476 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
477 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
478 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
479 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
480 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
481 impossible with the existing syntax.
482 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
483 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
484 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
485 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
486 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
487 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
488 potential additional uses of the syntax.
489 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
490 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
492 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
493 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
494 gate and may be removed in the future.
495 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
496 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
498 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
499 is handled by the package manager.
500 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
501 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
502 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
504 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
506 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
507 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
508 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
509 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
510 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
511 that capture by value.
512 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
513 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
514 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
515 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
517 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
518 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
520 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
521 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
522 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
523 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
524 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
525 (`[T]`) and trait types.
526 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
527 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
529 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
530 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
531 revisited in the future.
534 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
535 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
536 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
537 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
539 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
541 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
542 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
543 `Timespec` arithmetic.
544 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
545 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
546 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
547 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
548 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
549 idiomatic and efficient design.
552 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
553 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
554 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
555 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
556 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
557 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
558 package manager for versioning.
559 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
560 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
561 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
562 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
563 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
567 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
568 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
569 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
571 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
572 -------------------------
574 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
577 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
579 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
581 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
583 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
584 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
585 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
586 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
587 instead of any integral type.
588 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
589 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
590 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
591 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
592 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
593 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
594 is still provided by a library implementation.
595 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
596 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
597 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
598 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
599 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
600 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
601 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
602 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
603 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
604 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
605 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
606 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
607 if, while, match, and for..in.
608 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
610 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
611 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
612 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
614 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
615 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
618 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
619 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
620 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
622 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
623 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
624 kernel development for example.
625 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
626 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
627 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
628 better error messages.
629 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
630 around the Result type.
631 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
633 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
634 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
635 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
636 their forward-iteration counterparts.
637 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
638 management of bit flags.
639 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
640 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
641 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
642 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
643 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
644 to being based on methods.
645 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
646 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
647 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
648 and sized deallocation
649 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
650 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
652 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
653 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
654 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
656 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
657 an external libdebug crate.
658 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
659 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
660 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
661 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
663 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
664 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
667 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
668 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
669 discovery of breaking changes.
670 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
671 lifetime-related error occurs.
672 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
673 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
674 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
675 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
676 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
677 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
678 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
679 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
680 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
681 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
682 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
683 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
684 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
685 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
686 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
687 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
688 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
689 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
690 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
692 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
693 sharing rust code examples on-line.
694 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
695 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
696 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
697 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
698 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
699 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
700 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
703 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
704 -------------------------
706 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
709 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
710 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
711 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
713 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
715 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
716 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
717 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
718 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
719 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
720 reference counting have been removed.
721 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
722 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
723 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
724 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
725 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
726 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
728 * Unnecessary parentheses
731 * Uppercase variables
732 * Publicly visible private types
733 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
734 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
735 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
736 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
737 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
738 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
739 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
740 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
741 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
742 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
743 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
744 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
745 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
747 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
748 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
749 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
750 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
752 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
753 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
754 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
755 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
757 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
758 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
759 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
762 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
763 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
764 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
765 documentation index page.
766 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
767 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
768 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
769 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
770 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
771 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
772 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
773 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
774 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
775 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
776 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
777 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
778 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
779 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
780 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
781 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
782 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
783 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
784 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
785 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
786 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
787 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
788 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
789 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
790 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
791 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
792 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
793 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
794 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
795 still implement the function.
796 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
797 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
798 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
799 print them in exponential notation.
800 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
801 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
802 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
803 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
804 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
805 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
806 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
807 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
808 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
809 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
810 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
811 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
812 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
813 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
814 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
815 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
816 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
817 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
819 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
820 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
822 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
823 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
824 and various trimming of code.
825 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
826 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
827 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
828 dropping redundant functionality.
829 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
830 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
831 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
832 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
834 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
835 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
839 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
840 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
841 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
842 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
844 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
846 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
847 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
848 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
849 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
850 android much more reliable.
851 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
852 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
853 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
854 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
855 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
856 function to fix the error.
857 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
859 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
860 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
861 * render standalone markdown files.
862 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
863 * exported macros are displayed.
864 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
866 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
869 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
870 --------------------------
872 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
875 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
876 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
877 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
878 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
879 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
880 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
881 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
882 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
884 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
885 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
886 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
887 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
889 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
890 * `@fn`s have been removed.
891 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
893 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
894 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
895 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
896 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
897 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
898 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
899 terminated with a semicolon.
900 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
901 no longer has any special meaning.
902 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
903 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
904 `print!` and `println!`.
905 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
906 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
907 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
908 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
909 * Macros can have attributes.
910 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
911 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
912 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
913 * Comments may be nested.
914 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
916 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
917 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
918 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
919 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
920 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
921 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
922 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
923 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
924 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
925 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
926 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
927 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
928 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
929 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
930 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
931 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
932 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
934 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
935 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
936 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
938 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
940 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
941 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
942 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
943 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
944 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
945 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
946 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
947 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
948 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
949 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
950 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
951 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
952 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
955 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
956 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
957 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
958 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
959 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
961 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
962 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
963 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
964 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
965 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
966 just a wrapper around it).
967 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
968 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
969 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
970 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
971 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
972 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
973 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
974 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
975 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
976 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
977 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
978 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
979 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
980 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
981 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
982 if the index is out of bounds.
983 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
984 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
985 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
986 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
988 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
990 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
991 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
992 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
993 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
995 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
996 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
997 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
998 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
999 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1000 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1001 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1002 embedded environments.
1003 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1004 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1006 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1007 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1008 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1010 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1012 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1013 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1014 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1015 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1016 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1017 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1021 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1023 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1024 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1025 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1026 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1027 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1028 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1029 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1030 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1031 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1034 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
1035 --------------------------
1037 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1040 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1041 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1042 * Default methods are ready for use.
1043 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1044 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1045 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1046 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1048 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1049 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1051 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1052 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1053 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1054 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1055 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1056 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1057 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1058 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1059 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1060 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1061 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1062 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1063 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1064 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1065 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1066 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1067 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1068 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1069 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1070 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1071 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1072 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1073 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1074 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1075 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1076 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1077 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1078 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1079 prefixes (default: allow).
1080 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1081 `std::unstable::simd`.
1082 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1083 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1084 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1085 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1086 extension) to stdout.
1087 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1088 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1089 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1090 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1091 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1093 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1094 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1095 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1099 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1100 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1102 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1103 `uint::range` and friends.
1104 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1105 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1106 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1107 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1108 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1109 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1110 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1111 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1113 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1114 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1116 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1118 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1119 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1121 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1122 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1123 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1124 no longer function pointers.
1125 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1126 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1127 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1129 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1130 is required in implementations.
1131 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1132 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1133 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1134 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1135 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1136 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1138 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1139 sense in the new scheduler design.
1140 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1142 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1143 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1144 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1145 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1146 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1147 default implementations.
1148 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1149 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1150 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1151 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1152 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1153 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1154 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1155 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1156 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1157 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1158 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1159 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1160 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1161 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1162 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1163 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1164 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1165 * extra: `par` module removed.
1166 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1167 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1170 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1171 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1172 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1173 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1174 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1175 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1176 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1178 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1179 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1180 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1181 * All tools have man pages.
1182 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1183 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1184 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1185 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1186 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1187 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1189 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1190 -----------------------
1192 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1195 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1197 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1198 many bugs and inconveniences.
1199 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1200 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1201 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1202 removed due to bugs.
1203 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1204 so they compose better.
1205 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1206 * Trait default methods work more often.
1207 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1208 no padding between fields.
1209 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1211 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1212 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1213 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1214 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1215 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1216 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1217 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1219 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1221 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1222 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1223 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1224 are never implicitly copyable.
1225 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1226 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1227 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1230 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1232 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1233 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1235 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1236 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1239 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1240 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1241 * More and improved documentation.
1242 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1243 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1244 implementations of `Iterator`.
1245 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1246 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1247 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1248 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1249 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1250 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1251 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1252 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1253 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1254 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1255 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1256 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1257 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1258 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1259 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1260 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1261 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1262 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1263 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1264 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1265 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1266 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1267 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1268 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1269 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1270 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1271 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1272 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1273 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1274 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1275 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1276 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1277 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1278 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1279 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1280 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1281 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1282 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1285 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1286 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1288 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1290 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1291 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1292 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1293 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1294 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1295 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1296 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1297 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1298 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1299 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1300 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1301 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1302 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1303 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1305 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1306 ------------------------
1308 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1311 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1312 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1313 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1314 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1315 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1316 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1317 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1318 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1319 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1320 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1321 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1322 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1323 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1324 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1325 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1326 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1327 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1328 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1329 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1330 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1331 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1332 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1333 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1334 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1335 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1336 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1337 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1338 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1339 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1340 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1341 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1342 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1343 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1344 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1345 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1346 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1347 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1348 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1349 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1350 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1353 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1354 eliminating the `move` keyword
1355 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1356 * &mut is now unaliasable
1357 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1359 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1360 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1361 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1362 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1363 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1364 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1365 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1366 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1367 * Structural records have been removed
1368 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1369 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1370 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1371 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1372 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1373 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1374 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1377 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1378 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1379 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1380 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1381 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1382 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1383 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1384 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1385 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1386 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1387 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1388 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1389 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1390 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1391 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1392 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1393 by certain container types
1396 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1397 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1398 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1399 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1400 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1401 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1402 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1403 * Various memory usage improvements
1404 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1405 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1407 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1408 ---------------------------
1410 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1413 * Removed `<-` move operator
1414 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1415 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1416 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1417 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1418 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1419 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1420 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1421 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1422 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1425 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1426 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1427 * Enum variants may be structs
1428 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1429 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1430 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1431 without writing `move` explicitly
1432 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1433 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1434 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1435 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1436 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1439 * Improved support for language features
1440 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1441 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1442 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1443 * Static methods work in more situations
1444 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1448 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1449 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1450 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1451 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1452 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1453 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1454 * Moved futures to `std`
1455 * More functions are pure now
1456 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1457 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1460 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1461 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1463 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1464 --------------------------
1466 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1469 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1470 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1471 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1472 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1473 * Explicit method self types
1474 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1475 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1476 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1477 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1478 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1479 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1480 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1483 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1484 * Trait methods may be static
1485 * Argument modes are deprecated
1486 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1487 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1488 * Typestate was removed
1489 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1490 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1493 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1495 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1496 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1497 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1500 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1501 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1502 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1504 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1505 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1506 * More robust linked task failure
1507 * Improved task builder API
1510 * Improved error reporting
1511 * Preliminary JIT support
1512 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1513 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1514 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1515 Rust-based (visitor) code
1516 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1518 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1519 ------------------------
1521 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1523 * New coding conveniences
1524 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1525 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1526 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1527 * Documentation comments
1528 * More compact closure syntax
1529 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1531 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1534 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1535 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1537 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1538 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1539 * Extensive work on region pointers
1541 * Experimental new language features
1542 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1543 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1544 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1545 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1546 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1547 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1551 * Removal of various obsolete features
1552 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1553 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1555 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1556 resources (replaced by destructors)
1558 * Compiler reorganization
1559 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1560 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1561 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1564 * New time functions
1565 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1566 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1567 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1568 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1569 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1570 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1571 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1574 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1576 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1577 -------------------------
1579 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1581 * New docs and doc tooling
1583 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1585 * Compilation model enhancements
1586 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1587 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1589 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1590 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1591 * Explicit schedulers
1595 * Experimental new language features
1596 * Operator overloading
1600 * Various language extensions
1601 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1602 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1603 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1604 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1605 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1606 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1607 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1610 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1611 * Revived libuv interface
1612 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1613 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1614 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1616 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1617 -------------------------------
1619 * Most language features work, including:
1620 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1621 * Interface-constrained generics
1622 * Static interface dispatch
1624 * Multithread task scheduling
1625 * Typestate predicates
1626 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1627 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1628 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1629 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1631 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1632 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1633 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1634 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1636 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1638 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1642 * Documentation is incomplete.
1644 * Performance is below intended target.
1646 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1648 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
projects / rust.git / blob