1 Version 1.1.0 (June 2015)
2 =========================
4 * ~850 changes, numerous bugfixes
9 * The [`std::fs` module has been expanded][fs-expand] to expand the set of
10 functionality exposed:
11 * `DirEntry` now supports optimizations like `file_type` and `metadata` which
12 don't incur a syscall on some platforms.
13 * A `symlink_metadata` function has been added.
14 * The `fs::Metadata` structure now lowers to its OS counterpart, providing
15 access to all underlying information.
16 * The compiler now contains extended explanations of many errors. When an error
17 with an explanation occurs the compiler suggests using the `--explain` flag
18 to read the explanation. Error explanations are also [available online][err-index].
19 * Thanks to multiple [improvements][sk] to [type checking][pre], as
20 well as other work, the time to bootstrap the compiler decreased by
26 * The `str::split_whitespace` method splits a string on unicode
27 whitespace boundaries.
28 * On both Windows and Unix, new extension traits provide conversion of
29 I/O types to and from the underlying system handles. On Unix, these
30 traits are [`FrowRawFd`] and [`AsRawFd`], on Windows `FromRawHandle`
31 and `AsRawHandle`. These are implemented for `File`, `TcpStream`,
32 `TcpListener`, and `UpdSocket`. Further implementations for
33 `std::process` will be stabilized later.
34 * On Unix, [`std::os::unix::symlink`] creates symlinks. On
35 Windows, symlinks can be created with
36 `std::os::windows::symlink_dir` and
37 `std::os::windows::symlink_file`.
38 * The `mpsc::Receiver` type can now be converted into an iterator with
39 `into_iter` on the [`IntoIterator`] trait.
40 * `Ipv4Addr` can be created from `u32` with the `From<u32>`
41 implementation of the [`From`] trait.
42 * The `Debug` implementation for `RangeFull` [creates output that is
43 more consistent with other implementations][rf].
44 * [`Debug` is implemented for `File`][file].
45 * The `Default` implementation for `Arc` [no longer requires `Sync +
47 * [The `Iterator` methods `count`, `nth`, and `last` have been
48 overridden for slices to have O(1) performance instead of O(n)][si].
49 * Incorrect handling of paths on Windows has been improved in both the
50 compiler and the standard library.
51 * [`AtomicPtr` gained a `Default` implementation][ap].
52 * In accordance with Rust's policy on arithmetic overflow `abs` now
53 [panics on overflow when debug assertions are enabled][abs].
54 * The [`Cloned`] iterator, which was accidentally left unstable for
55 1.0 [has been stabilized][c].
56 * The [`Incoming`] iterator, which iterates over incoming TCP
57 connections, and which was accidentally unnamable in 1.0, [is now
58 properly exported][inc].
59 * [`BinaryHeap`] no longer corrupts itself [when functions called by
60 `sift_up` or `sift_down` panic][bh].
61 * The [`split_off`] method of `LinkedList` [no longer corrupts
62 the list in certain scenarios][ll].
67 * Type checking performance [has improved notably][sk] with
68 [multiple improvements][pre].
69 * The compiler [suggests code changes][ch] for more errors.
70 * rustc and it's build system have experimental support for [building
71 toolchains against MUSL][m] instead of glibc on Linux.
72 * The compiler defines the `target_env` cfg value, which is used for
73 distinguishing toolchains that are otherwise for the same
74 platform. Presently this is set to `gnu` for common GNU Linux
75 targets and for MinGW targets, and `musl` for MUSL Linux targets.
76 * The [`cargo rustc`][crc] command invokes a build with custom flags
78 * [Android executables are always position independent][pie].
79 * [The `drop_with_repr_extern` lint warns about mixing `repr(C)`
82 [`split_whitespace`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_whitespace
83 [`Iterator::cloned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.cloned
84 [`FromRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.FromRawFd.html
85 [`AsRawFd`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/io/trait.AsRawFd.html
86 [`std::os::unix::symlink`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/os/unix/fs/fn.symlink.html
87 [`IntoIterator`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
88 [`From`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/convert/trait.From.html
89 [rf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24491
90 [err-index]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/error-index.html
91 [sk]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24615
92 [pre]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25323
93 [file]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24598
94 [ch]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24683
95 [arc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24695
96 [si]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24701
97 [ap]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24834
98 [m]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24777
99 [fs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1044-io-fs-2.1.md
100 [crc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/1568
101 [pie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24953
102 [abs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25441
103 [c]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25496
104 [`Cloned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/iter/struct.Cloned.html
105 [`Incoming`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/net/struct.Incoming.html
106 [inc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25522
107 [bh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/25856
108 [`BinaryHeap`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html
109 [ll]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26022
110 [`split_off`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/collections/linked_list/struct.LinkedList.html#method.split_off
111 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24935
113 Version 1.0.0 (May 2015)
114 ========================
116 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
121 * The vast majority of the standard library is now `#[stable]`. It is
122 no longer possible to use unstable features with a stable build of
124 * Many popular crates on [crates.io] now work on the stable release
126 * Arithmetic on basic integer types now [checks for overflow in debug
132 * Several [restrictions have been added to trait coherence][coh] in
133 order to make it easier for upstream authors to change traits
134 without breaking downstream code.
135 * Digits of binary and octal literals are [lexed more eagerly][lex] to
136 improve error messages and macro behavior. For example, `0b1234` is
137 now lexed as `0b1234` instead of two tokens, `0b1` and `234`.
138 * Trait bounds [are always invariant][inv], eliminating the need for
139 the `PhantomFn` and `MarkerTrait` lang items, which have been
141 * ["-" is no longer a valid character in crate names][cr], the `extern crate
142 "foo" as bar` syntax has been replaced with `extern crate foo as
143 bar`, and Cargo now automatically translates "-" in *package* names
144 to underscore for the crate name.
145 * [Lifetime shadowing is an error][lt].
146 * [`Send` no longer implies `'static`][send-rfc].
147 * [UFCS now supports trait-less associated paths][moar-ufcs] like
149 * Primitive types [now have inherent methods][prim-inherent],
150 obviating the need for extension traits like `SliceExt`.
151 * Methods with `Self: Sized` in their `where` clause are [considered
152 object-safe][self-sized], allowing many extension traits like
153 `IteratorExt` to be merged into the traits they extended.
154 * You can now [refer to associated types][assoc-where] whose
155 corresponding trait bounds appear only in a `where` clause.
156 * The final bits of [OIBIT landed][oibit-final], meaning that traits
157 like `Send` and `Sync` are now library-defined.
158 * A [Reflect trait][reflect] was introduced, which means that
159 downcasting via the `Any` trait is effectively limited to concrete
160 types. This helps retain the potentially-important "parametricity"
161 property: generic code cannot behave differently for different type
162 arguments except in minor ways.
163 * The `unsafe_destructor` feature is now deprecated in favor of the
164 [new `dropck`][dropck]. This change is a major reduction in unsafe
170 * The `thread_local` module [has been renamed to `std::thread`][th].
171 * The methods of `IteratorExt` [have been moved to the `Iterator`
173 * Several traits that implement Rust's conventions for type
174 conversions, `AsMut`, `AsRef`, `From`, and `Into` have been
175 [centralized in the `std::convert` module][con].
176 * The `FromError` trait [was removed in favor of `From`][fe].
177 * The basic sleep function [has moved to
178 `std::thread::sleep_ms`][slp].
179 * The `splitn` function now takes an `n` parameter that represents the
180 number of items yielded by the returned iterator [instead of the
181 number of 'splits'][spl].
182 * [On Unix, all file descriptors are `CLOEXEC` by default][clo].
183 * [Derived implementations of `PartialOrd` now order enums according
184 to their explicitly-assigned discriminants][po].
185 * [Methods for searching strings are generic over `Pattern`s][pat],
186 implemented presently by `&char`, `&str`, `FnMut(char) -> bool` and
188 * [In method resolution, object methods are resolved before inherent
190 * [`String::from_str` has been deprecated in favor of the `From` impl,
192 * [`io::Error` implements `Sync`][ios].
193 * [The `words` method on `&str` has been replaced with
194 `split_whitespace`][sw], to avoid answering the tricky question, 'what is
196 * The new path and IO modules are complete and `#[stable]`. This
197 was the major library focus for this cycle.
198 * The path API was [revised][path-normalize] to normalize `.`,
199 adjusting the tradeoffs in favor of the most common usage.
200 * A large number of remaining APIs in `std` were also stabilized
201 during this cycle; about 75% of the non-deprecated API surface
203 * The new [string pattern API][string-pattern] landed, which makes
204 the string slice API much more internally consistent and flexible.
205 * A new set of [generic conversion traits][conversion] replaced
206 many existing ad hoc traits.
207 * Generic numeric traits were [completely removed][num-traits]. This
208 was made possible thanks to inherent methods for primitive types,
209 and the removal gives maximal flexibility for designing a numeric
210 hierarchy in the future.
211 * The `Fn` traits are now related via [inheritance][fn-inherit]
212 and provide ergonomic [blanket implementations][fn-blanket].
213 * The `Index` and `IndexMut` traits were changed to
214 [take the index by value][index-value], enabling code like
215 `hash_map["string"]` to work.
216 * `Copy` now [inherits][copy-clone] from `Clone`, meaning that all
217 `Copy` data is known to be `Clone` as well.
222 * Many errors now have extended explanations that can be accessed with
223 the `--explain` flag to `rustc`.
224 * Many new examples have been added to the standard library
226 * rustdoc has received a number of improvements focused on completion
228 * Metadata was tuned, shrinking binaries [by 27%][metadata-shrink].
229 * Much headway was made on ecosystem-wide CI, making it possible
230 to [compare builds for breakage][ci-compare].
233 [crates.io]: http://crates.io
234 [clo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24034
235 [coh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1023-rebalancing-coherence.md
236 [con]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23875
237 [cr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23419
238 [fe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23879
239 [ie]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23300
240 [inv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23938
241 [ios]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24133
242 [lex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0879-small-base-lexing.md
243 [lt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24057
244 [meth]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24056
245 [pat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0528-string-patterns.md
246 [po]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24270
247 [sf]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24517
248 [slp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23949
249 [spl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0979-align-splitn-with-other-languages.md
250 [sw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1054-str-words.md
251 [th]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0909-move-thread-local-to-std-thread.md
252 [send-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0458-send-improvements.md
253 [scoped]: http://static.rust-lang.org/doc/master/std/thread/fn.scoped.html
254 [moar-ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22172
255 [prim-inherent]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23104
256 [overflow]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0560-integer-overflow.md
257 [metadata-shrink]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22971
258 [self-sized]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22301
259 [assoc-where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22512
260 [string-pattern]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22466
261 [oibit-final]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21689
262 [reflect]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23712
263 [debug-builder]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0640-debug-improvements.md
264 [conversion]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/529
265 [num-traits]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23549
266 [index-value]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23601
267 [dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/769
268 [fundamental]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1023
269 [ci-compare]: https://gist.github.com/brson/a30a77836fbec057cbee
270 [fn-inherit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23282
271 [fn-blanket]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23895
272 [copy-clone]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23860
273 [path-normalize]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/23229
276 Version 1.0.0-alpha.2 (February 2015)
277 =====================================
279 * ~1300 changes, numerous bugfixes
283 * The various I/O modules were [overhauled][io-rfc] to reduce
284 unnecessary abstractions and provide better interoperation with
285 the underlying platform. The old `io` module remains temporarily
287 * The standard library now [participates in feature gating][feat],
288 so use of unstable libraries now requires a `#![feature(...)]`
289 attribute. The impact of this change is [described on the
290 forum][feat-forum]. [RFC][feat-rfc].
294 * `for` loops [now operate on the `IntoIterator` trait][into],
295 which eliminates the need to call `.iter()`, etc. to iterate
296 over collections. There are some new subtleties to remember
297 though regarding what sort of iterators various types yield, in
298 particular that `for foo in bar { }` yields values from a move
299 iterator, destroying the original collection. [RFC][into-rfc].
300 * Objects now have [default lifetime bounds][obj], so you don't
301 have to write `Box<Trait+'static>` when you don't care about
302 storing references. [RFC][obj-rfc].
303 * In types that implement `Drop`, [lifetimes must outlive the
304 value][drop]. This will soon make it possible to safely
305 implement `Drop` for types where `#[unsafe_destructor]` is now
306 required. Read the [gorgeous RFC][drop-rfc] for details.
307 * The fully qualified <T as Trait>::X syntax lets you set the Self
308 type for a trait method or associated type. [RFC][ufcs-rfc].
309 * References to types that implement `Deref<U>` now [automatically
310 coerce to references][deref] to the dereferenced type `U`,
311 e.g. `&T where T: Deref<U>` automatically coerces to `&U`. This
312 should eliminate many unsightly uses of `&*`, as when converting
313 from references to vectors into references to
314 slices. [RFC][deref-rfc].
315 * The explicit [closure kind syntax][close] (`|&:|`, `|&mut:|`,
316 `|:|`) is obsolete and closure kind is inferred from context.
317 * [`Self` is a keyword][Self].
321 * The `Show` and `String` formatting traits [have been
322 renamed][fmt] to `Debug` and `Display` to more clearly reflect
323 their related purposes. Automatically getting a string
324 conversion to use with `format!("{:?}", something_to_debug)` is
325 now written `#[derive(Debug)]`.
326 * Abstract [OS-specific string types][osstr], `std::ff::{OsString,
327 OsStr}`, provide strings in platform-specific encodings for easier
328 interop with system APIs. [RFC][osstr-rfc].
329 * The `boxed::into_raw` and `Box::from_raw` functions [convert
330 between `Box<T>` and `*mut T`][boxraw], a common pattern for
331 creating raw pointers.
335 * Certain long error messages of the form 'expected foo found bar'
336 are now [split neatly across multiple
337 lines][multiline]. Examples in the PR.
338 * On Unix Rust can be [uninstalled][un] by running
339 `/usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh`.
340 * The `#[rustc_on_unimplemented]` attribute, requiring the
341 'on_unimplemented' feature, lets rustc [display custom error
342 messages when a trait is expected to be implemented for a type
347 * Rust is tested against a [LALR grammar][lalr], which parses
348 almost all the Rust files that rustc does.
350 [boxraw]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21318
351 [close]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21843
352 [deref]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21351
353 [deref-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0241-deref-conversions.md
354 [drop]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21972
355 [drop-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
356 [feat]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21248
357 [feat-forum]: http://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-important-info-about-rustcs-new-feature-staging/82/5
358 [feat-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0507-release-channels.md
359 [fmt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21457
360 [into]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20790
361 [into-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md#intoiterator-and-iterable
362 [io-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
363 [lalr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21452
364 [multiline]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/19870
365 [obj]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22230
366 [obj-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0599-default-object-bound.md
367 [onun]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/20889
368 [osstr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21488
369 [osstr-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0517-io-os-reform.md
370 [Self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22158
371 [ufcs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/21077
372 [ufcs-rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0132-ufcs.md
373 [un]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/22256
376 Version 1.0.0-alpha (January 2015)
377 ==================================
379 * ~2400 changes, numerous bugfixes
383 * The language itself is considered feature complete for 1.0,
384 though there will be many usability improvements and bugfixes
385 before the final release.
386 * Nearly 50% of the public API surface of the standard library has
387 been declared 'stable'. Those interfaces are unlikely to change
389 * The long-running debate over integer types has been
390 [settled][ints]: Rust will ship with types named `isize` and
391 `usize`, rather than `int` and `uint`, for pointer-sized
392 integers. Guidelines will be rolled out during the alpha cycle.
393 * Most crates that are not `std` have been moved out of the Rust
394 distribution into the Cargo ecosystem so they can evolve
395 separately and don't need to be stabilized as quickly, including
396 'time', 'getopts', 'num', 'regex', and 'term'.
397 * Documentation continues to be expanded with more API coverage, more
398 examples, and more in-depth explanations. The guides have been
399 consolidated into [The Rust Programming Language][trpl].
400 * "[Rust By Example][rbe]" is now maintained by the Rust team.
401 * All official Rust binary installers now come with [Cargo], the
402 Rust package manager.
406 * Closures have been [completely redesigned][unboxed] to be
407 implemented in terms of traits, can now be used as generic type
408 bounds and thus monomorphized and inlined, or via an opaque
409 pointer (boxed) as in the old system. The new system is often
410 referred to as 'unboxed' closures.
411 * Traits now support [associated types][assoc], allowing families
412 of related types to be defined together and used generically in
414 * Enum variants are [namespaced by their type names][enum].
415 * [`where` clauses][where] provide a more versatile and attractive
416 syntax for specifying generic bounds, though the previous syntax
418 * Rust again picks a [fallback][fb] (either i32 or f64) for uninferred
420 * Rust [no longer has a runtime][rt] of any description, and only
421 supports OS threads, not green threads.
422 * At long last, Rust has been overhauled for 'dynamically-sized
423 types' ([DST]), which integrates 'fat pointers' (object types,
424 arrays, and `str`) more deeply into the type system, making it
426 * Rust now has a general [range syntax][range], `i..j`, `i..`, and
427 `..j` that produce range types and which, when combined with the
428 `Index` operator and multidispatch, leads to a convenient slice
430 * The new range syntax revealed an ambiguity in the fixed-length
431 array syntax, so now fixed length arrays [are written `[T;
433 * The `Copy` trait is no longer implemented automatically. Unsafe
434 pointers no longer implement `Sync` and `Send` so types
435 containing them don't automatically either. `Sync` and `Send`
436 are now 'unsafe traits' so one can "forcibly" implement them via
437 `unsafe impl` if a type confirms to the requirements for them
438 even though the internals do not (e.g. structs containing unsafe
439 pointers like `Arc`). These changes are intended to prevent some
440 footguns and are collectively known as [opt-in built-in
441 traits][oibit] (though `Sync` and `Send` will soon become pure
442 library types unknown to the compiler).
443 * Operator traits now take their operands [by value][ops], and
444 comparison traits can use multidispatch to compare one type
445 against multiple other types, allowing e.g. `String` to be
446 compared with `&str`.
447 * `if let` and `while let` are no longer feature-gated.
448 * Rust has adopted a more [uniform syntax for escaping unicode
449 characters][unicode].
450 * `macro_rules!` [has been declared stable][mac]. Though it is a
451 flawed system it is sufficiently popular that it must be usable
452 for 1.0. Effort has gone into [future-proofing][mac-future] it
453 in ways that will allow other macro systems to be developed in
454 parallel, and won't otherwise impact the evolution of the
456 * The prelude has been [pared back significantly][prelude] such
457 that it is the minimum necessary to support the most pervasive
458 code patterns, and through [generalized where clauses][where]
459 many of the prelude extension traits have been consolidated.
460 * Rust's rudimentary reflection [has been removed][refl], as it
461 incurred too much code generation for little benefit.
462 * [Struct variants][structvars] are no longer feature-gated.
463 * Trait bounds can be [polymorphic over lifetimes][hrtb]. Also
464 known as 'higher-ranked trait bounds', this crucially allows
465 unboxed closures to work.
466 * Macros invocations surrounded by parens or square brackets and
467 not terminated by a semicolon are [parsed as
468 expressions][macros], which makes expressions like `vec![1i32,
469 2, 3].len()` work as expected.
470 * Trait objects now implement their traits automatically, and
471 traits that can be coerced to objects now must be [object
473 * Automatically deriving traits is now done with `#[derive(...)]`
474 not `#[deriving(...)]` for [consistency with other naming
475 conventions][derive].
476 * Importing the containing module or enum at the same time as
477 items or variants they contain is [now done with `self` instead
478 of `mod`][self], as in use `foo::{self, bar}`
479 * Glob imports are no longer feature-gated.
480 * The `box` operator and `box` patterns have been feature-gated
481 pending a redesign. For now unique boxes should be allocated
482 like other containers, with `Box::new`.
486 * A [series][coll1] of [efforts][coll2] to establish
487 [conventions][coll3] for collections types has resulted in API
488 improvements throughout the standard library.
489 * New [APIs for error handling][err] provide ergonomic interop
490 between error types, and [new conventions][err-conv] describe
491 more clearly the recommended error handling strategies in Rust.
492 * The `fail!` macro has been renamed to [`panic!`][panic] so that
493 it is easier to discuss failure in the context of error handling
494 without making clarifications as to whether you are referring to
495 the 'fail' macro or failure more generally.
496 * On Linux, `OsRng` prefers the new, more reliable `getrandom`
497 syscall when available.
498 * The 'serialize' crate has been renamed 'rustc-serialize' and
499 moved out of the distribution to Cargo. Although it is widely
500 used now, it is expected to be superseded in the near future.
501 * The `Show` formatter, typically implemented with
502 `#[derive(Show)]` is [now requested with the `{:?}`
503 specifier][show] and is intended for use by all types, for uses
504 such as `println!` debugging. The new `String` formatter must be
505 implemented by hand, uses the `{}` specifier, and is intended
506 for full-fidelity conversions of things that can logically be
507 represented as strings.
511 * [Flexible target specification][flex] allows rustc's code
512 generation to be configured to support otherwise-unsupported
514 * Rust comes with rust-gdb and rust-lldb scripts that launch their
515 respective debuggers with Rust-appropriate pretty-printing.
516 * The Windows installation of Rust is distributed with the the
517 MinGW components currently required to link binaries on that
522 * Nullable enum optimizations have been extended to more types so
523 that e.g. `Option<Vec<T>>` and `Option<String>` take up no more
524 space than the inner types themselves.
525 * Work has begun on supporting AArch64.
527 [Cargo]: https://crates.io
528 [unboxed]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/11/26/purging-proc/
529 [enum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0390-enum-namespacing.md
530 [flex]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0131-target-specification.md
531 [err]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0201-error-chaining.md
532 [err-conv]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0236-error-conventions.md
533 [rt]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0230-remove-runtime.md
534 [mac]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0453-macro-reform.md
535 [mac-future]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/550
536 [DST]: http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2014/01/05/dst-take-5/
537 [coll1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0235-collections-conventions.md
538 [coll2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0509-collections-reform-part-2.md
539 [coll3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0216-collection-views.md
540 [ops]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md
541 [prelude]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0503-prelude-stabilization.md
542 [where]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0135-where.md
543 [refl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0379-remove-reflection.md
544 [panic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0221-panic.md
545 [structvars]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0418-struct-variants.md
546 [hrtb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0387-higher-ranked-trait-bounds.md
547 [unicode]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0446-es6-unicode-escapes.md
548 [oibit]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0019-opt-in-builtin-traits.md
549 [macros]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0378-expr-macros.md
550 [range]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0439-cmp-ops-reform.md#indexing-and-slicing
551 [arrays]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0520-new-array-repeat-syntax.md
552 [show]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0504-show-stabilization.md
553 [derive]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0534-deriving2derive.md
554 [self]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0532-self-in-use.md
555 [fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0212-restore-int-fallback.md
556 [objsafe]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0255-object-safety.md
557 [assoc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0195-associated-items.md
558 [ints]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/544#issuecomment-68760871
559 [trpl]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
560 [rbe]: http://rustbyexample.com/
563 Version 0.12.0 (October 2014)
564 =============================
566 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
570 * The introductory documentation (now called The Rust Guide) has
571 been completely rewritten, as have a number of supplementary
573 * Rust's package manager, Cargo, continues to improve and is
574 sometimes considered to be quite awesome.
575 * Many API's in `std` have been reviewed and updated for
576 consistency with the in-development Rust coding
577 guidelines. The standard library documentation tracks
578 stabilization progress.
579 * Minor libraries have been moved out-of-tree to the rust-lang org
580 on GitHub: uuid, semver, glob, num, hexfloat, fourcc. They can
581 be installed with Cargo.
582 * Lifetime elision allows lifetime annotations to be left off of
583 function declarations in many common scenarios.
584 * Rust now works on 64-bit Windows.
587 * Indexing can be overloaded with the `Index` and `IndexMut`
589 * The `if let` construct takes a branch only if the `let` pattern
590 matches, currently behind the 'if_let' feature gate.
591 * 'where clauses', a more flexible syntax for specifying trait
592 bounds that is more aesthetic, have been added for traits and
593 free functions. Where clauses will in the future make it
594 possible to constrain associated types, which would be
595 impossible with the existing syntax.
596 * A new slicing syntax (e.g. `[0..4]`) has been introduced behind
597 the 'slicing_syntax' feature gate, and can be overloaded with
598 the `Slice` or `SliceMut` traits.
599 * The syntax for matching of sub-slices has been changed to use a
600 postfix `..` instead of prefix (.e.g. `[a, b, c..]`), for
601 consistency with other uses of `..` and to future-proof
602 potential additional uses of the syntax.
603 * The syntax for matching inclusive ranges in patterns has changed
604 from `0..3` to `0...4` to be consistent with the exclusive range
606 * Matching of sub-slices in non-tail positions (e.g. `[a.., b,
607 c]`) has been put behind the 'advanced_slice_patterns' feature
608 gate and may be removed in the future.
609 * Components of tuples and tuple structs can be extracted using
610 the `value.0` syntax, currently behind the `tuple_indexing`
612 * The `#[crate_id]` attribute is no longer supported; versioning
613 is handled by the package manager.
614 * Renaming crate imports are now written `extern crate foo as bar`
615 instead of `extern crate bar = foo`.
616 * Renaming use statements are now written `use foo as bar` instead
618 * `let` and `match` bindings and argument names in macros are now
620 * The new, more efficient, closure types ('unboxed closures') have
621 been added under a feature gate, 'unboxed_closures'. These will
622 soon replace the existing closure types, once higher-ranked
623 trait lifetimes are added to the language.
624 * `move` has been added as a keyword, for indicating closures
625 that capture by value.
626 * Mutation and assignment is no longer allowed in pattern guards.
627 * Generic structs and enums can now have trait bounds.
628 * The `Share` trait is now called `Sync` to free up the term
629 'shared' to refer to 'shared reference' (the default reference
631 * Dynamically-sized types have been mostly implemented,
632 unifying the behavior of fat-pointer types with the rest of the
634 * As part of dynamically-sized types, the `Sized` trait has been
635 introduced, which qualifying types implement by default, and
636 which type parameters expect by default. To specify that a type
637 parameter does not need to be sized, write `<Sized? T>`. Most
638 types are `Sized`, notable exceptions being unsized arrays
639 (`[T]`) and trait types.
640 * Closures can return `!`, as in `|| -> !` or `proc() -> !`.
641 * Lifetime bounds can now be applied to type parameters and object
643 * The old, reference counted GC type, `Gc<T>` which was once
644 denoted by the `@` sigil, has finally been removed. GC will be
645 revisited in the future.
648 * Library documentation has been improved for a number of modules.
649 * Bit-vectors, collections::bitv has been modernized.
650 * The url crate is deprecated in favor of
651 http://github.com/servo/rust-url, which can be installed with
653 * Most I/O stream types can be cloned and subsequently closed from
655 * A `std::time::Duration` type has been added for use in I/O
656 methods that rely on timers, as well as in the 'time' crate's
657 `Timespec` arithmetic.
658 * The runtime I/O abstraction layer that enabled the green thread
659 scheduler to do non-thread-blocking I/O has been removed, along
660 with the libuv-based implementation employed by the green thread
661 scheduler. This will greatly simplify the future I/O work.
662 * `collections::btree` has been rewritten to have a more
663 idiomatic and efficient design.
666 * rustdoc output now indicates the stability levels of API's.
667 * The `--crate-name` flag can specify the name of the crate
668 being compiled, like `#[crate_name]`.
669 * The `-C metadata` specifies additional metadata to hash into
670 symbol names, and `-C extra-filename` specifies additional
671 information to put into the output filename, for use by the
672 package manager for versioning.
673 * debug info generation has continued to improve and should be
674 more reliable under both gdb and lldb.
675 * rustc has experimental support for compiling in parallel
676 using the `-C codegen-units` flag.
677 * rustc no longer encodes rpath information into binaries by
681 * Stack usage has been optimized with LLVM lifetime annotations.
682 * Official Rust binaries on Linux are more compatible with older
683 kernels and distributions, built on CentOS 5.10.
686 Version 0.11.0 (July 2014)
687 ==========================
689 * ~1700 changes, numerous bugfixes
692 * ~[T] has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
694 * ~str has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by
696 * ~T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
698 * @T has been removed from the language. This type is superseded by the
699 standard library's std::gc::Gc<T> type.
700 * Struct fields are now all private by default.
701 * Vector indices and shift amounts are both required to be a `uint`
702 instead of any integral type.
703 * Byte character, byte string, and raw byte string literals are now all
704 supported by prefixing the normal literal with a `b`.
705 * Multiple ABIs are no longer allowed in an ABI string
706 * The syntax for lifetimes on closures/procedures has been tweaked
707 slightly: `<'a>|A, B|: 'b + K -> T`
708 * Floating point modulus has been removed from the language; however it
709 is still provided by a library implementation.
710 * Private enum variants are now disallowed.
711 * The `priv` keyword has been removed from the language.
712 * A closure can no longer be invoked through a &-pointer.
713 * The `use foo, bar, baz;` syntax has been removed from the language.
714 * The transmute intrinsic no longer works on type parameters.
715 * Statics now allow blocks/items in their definition.
716 * Trait bounds are separated from objects with + instead of : now.
717 * Objects can no longer be read while they are mutably borrowed.
718 * The address of a static is now marked as insignificant unless the
719 #[inline(never)] attribute is placed it.
720 * The #[unsafe_destructor] attribute is now behind a feature gate.
721 * Struct literals are no longer allowed in ambiguous positions such as
722 if, while, match, and for..in.
723 * Declaration of lang items and intrinsics are now feature-gated by
725 * Integral literals no longer default to `int`, and floating point
726 literals no longer default to `f64`. Literals must be suffixed with an
727 appropriate type if inference cannot determine the type of the
729 * The Box<T> type is no longer implicitly borrowed to &mut T.
730 * Procedures are now required to not capture borrowed references.
733 * The standard library is now a "facade" over a number of underlying
734 libraries. This means that development on the standard library should
735 be speeder due to smaller crates, as well as a clearer line between
737 * A new library, libcore, lives under the standard library's facade
738 which is Rust's "0-assumption" library, suitable for embedded and
739 kernel development for example.
740 * A regex crate has been added to the standard distribution. This crate
741 includes statically compiled regular expressions.
742 * The unwrap/unwrap_err methods on Result require a Show bound for
743 better error messages.
744 * The return types of the std::comm primitives have been centralized
745 around the Result type.
746 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to time out their
748 * A number of I/O primitives have gained the ability to close their
749 reading/writing halves to cancel pending operations.
750 * Reverse iterator methods have been removed in favor of `rev()` on
751 their forward-iteration counterparts.
752 * A bitflags! macro has been added to enable easy interop with C and
753 management of bit flags.
754 * A debug_assert! macro is now provided which is disabled when
755 `--cfg ndebug` is passed to the compiler.
756 * A graphviz crate has been added for creating .dot files.
757 * The std::cast module has been migrated into std::mem.
758 * The std::local_data api has been migrated from freestanding functions
759 to being based on methods.
760 * The Pod trait has been renamed to Copy.
761 * jemalloc has been added as the default allocator for types.
762 * The API for allocating memory has been changed to use proper alignment
763 and sized deallocation
764 * Connecting a TcpStream or binding a TcpListener is now based on a
765 string address and a u16 port. This allows connecting to a hostname as
767 * The Reader trait now contains a core method, read_at_least(), which
768 correctly handles many repeated 0-length reads.
769 * The process-spawning API is now centered around a builder-style
771 * The :? printing qualifier has been moved from the standard library to
772 an external libdebug crate.
773 * Eq/Ord have been renamed to PartialEq/PartialOrd. TotalEq/TotalOrd
774 have been renamed to Eq/Ord.
775 * The select/plural methods have been removed from format!. The escapes
776 for { and } have also changed from \{ and \} to {{ and }},
778 * The TaskBuilder API has been re-worked to be a true builder, and
779 extension traits for spawning native/green tasks have been added.
782 * All breaking changes to the language or libraries now have their
783 commit message annotated with `[breaking-change]` to allow for easy
784 discovery of breaking changes.
785 * The compiler will now try to suggest how to annotate lifetimes if a
786 lifetime-related error occurs.
787 * Debug info continues to be improved greatly with general bug fixes and
788 better support for situations like link time optimization (LTO).
789 * Usage of syntax extensions when cross-compiling has been fixed.
790 * Functionality equivalent to GCC & Clang's -ffunction-sections,
791 -fdata-sections and --gc-sections has been enabled by default
792 * The compiler is now stricter about where it will load module files
793 from when a module is declared via `mod foo;`.
794 * The #[phase(syntax)] attribute has been renamed to #[phase(plugin)].
795 Syntax extensions are now discovered via a "plugin registrar" type
796 which will be extended in the future to other various plugins.
797 * Lints have been restructured to allow for dynamically loadable lints.
798 * A number of rustdoc improvements:
799 * The HTML output has been visually redesigned.
800 * Markdown is now powered by hoedown instead of sundown.
801 * Searching heuristics have been greatly improved.
802 * The search index has been reduced in size by a great amount.
803 * Cross-crate documentation via `pub use` has been greatly improved.
804 * Primitive types are now hyperlinked and documented.
805 * Documentation has been moved from static.rust-lang.org/doc to
807 * A new sandbox, play.rust-lang.org, is available for running and
808 sharing rust code examples on-line.
809 * Unused attributes are now more robustly warned about.
810 * The dead_code lint now warns about unused struct fields.
811 * Cross-compiling to iOS is now supported.
812 * Cross-compiling to mipsel is now supported.
813 * Stability attributes are now inherited by default and no longer apply
814 to intra-crate usage, only inter-crate usage.
815 * Error message related to non-exhaustive match expressions have been
819 Version 0.10 (April 2014)
820 =========================
822 * ~1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
825 * A new RFC process is now in place for modifying the language.
826 * Patterns with `@`-pointers have been removed from the language.
827 * Patterns with unique vectors (`~[T]`) have been removed from the
829 * Patterns with unique strings (`~str`) have been removed from the
831 * `@str` has been removed from the language.
832 * `@[T]` has been removed from the language.
833 * `@self` has been removed from the language.
834 * `@Trait` has been removed from the language.
835 * Headers on `~` allocations which contain `@` boxes inside the type for
836 reference counting have been removed.
837 * The semantics around the lifetimes of temporary expressions have changed,
838 see #3511 and #11585 for more information.
839 * Cross-crate syntax extensions are now possible, but feature gated. See
840 #11151 for more information. This includes both `macro_rules!` macros as
841 well as syntax extensions such as `format!`.
842 * New lint modes have been added, and older ones have been turned on to be
844 * Unnecessary parentheses
847 * Uppercase variables
848 * Publicly visible private types
849 * `#[deriving]` with raw pointers
850 * Unsafe functions can no longer be coerced to closures.
851 * Various obscure macros such as `log_syntax!` are now behind feature gates.
852 * The `#[simd]` attribute is now behind a feature gate.
853 * Visibility is no longer allowed on `extern crate` statements, and
854 unnecessary visibility (`priv`) is no longer allowed on `use` statements.
855 * Trailing commas are now allowed in argument lists and tuple patterns.
856 * The `do` keyword has been removed, it is now a reserved keyword.
857 * Default type parameters have been implemented, but are feature gated.
858 * Borrowed variables through captures in closures are now considered soundly.
859 * `extern mod` is now `extern crate`
860 * The `Freeze` trait has been removed.
861 * The `Share` trait has been added for types that can be shared among
863 * Labels in macros are now hygienic.
864 * Expression/statement macro invocations can be delimited with `{}` now.
865 * Treatment of types allowed in `static mut` locations has been tweaked.
866 * The `*` and `.` operators are now overloadable through the `Deref` and
868 * `~Trait` and `proc` no longer have `Send` bounds by default.
869 * Partial type hints are now supported with the `_` type marker.
870 * An `Unsafe` type was introduced for interior mutability. It is now
871 considered undefined to transmute from `&T` to `&mut T` without using the
873 * The #[linkage] attribute was implemented for extern statics/functions.
874 * The inner attribute syntax has changed from `#[foo];` to `#![foo]`.
875 * `Pod` was renamed to `Copy`.
878 * The `libextra` library has been removed. It has now been decomposed into
879 component libraries with smaller and more focused nuggets of
880 functionality. The full list of libraries can be found on the
881 documentation index page.
882 * std: `std::condition` has been removed. All I/O errors are now propagated
883 through the `Result` type. In order to assist with error handling, a
884 `try!` macro for unwrapping errors with an early return and a lint for
885 unused results has been added. See #12039 for more information.
886 * std: The `vec` module has been renamed to `slice`.
887 * std: A new vector type, `Vec<T>`, has been added in preparation for DST.
888 This will become the only growable vector in the future.
889 * std: `std::io` now has more public-reexports. Types such as `BufferedReader`
890 are now found at `std::io::BufferedReader` instead of
891 `std::io::buffered::BufferedReader`.
892 * std: `print` and `println` are no longer in the prelude, the `print!` and
893 `println!` macros are intended to be used instead.
894 * std: `Rc` now has a `Weak` pointer for breaking cycles, and it no longer
895 attempts to statically prevent cycles.
896 * std: The standard distribution is adopting the policy of pushing failure
897 to the user rather than failing in libraries. Many functions (such as
898 `slice::last()`) now return `Option<T>` instead of `T` + failing.
899 * std: `fmt::Default` has been renamed to `fmt::Show`, and it now has a new
900 deriving mode: `#[deriving(Show)]`.
901 * std: `ToStr` is now implemented for all types implementing `Show`.
902 * std: The formatting trait methods now take `&self` instead of `&T`
903 * std: The `invert()` method on iterators has been renamed to `rev()`
904 * std: `std::num` has seen a reduction in the genericity of its traits,
905 consolidating functionality into a few core traits.
906 * std: Backtraces are now printed on task failure if the environment
907 variable `RUST_BACKTRACE` is present.
908 * std: Naming conventions for iterators have been standardized. More details
909 can be found on the wiki's style guide.
910 * std: `eof()` has been removed from the `Reader` trait. Specific types may
911 still implement the function.
912 * std: Networking types are now cloneable to allow simultaneous reads/writes.
913 * std: `assert_approx_eq!` has been removed
914 * std: The `e` and `E` formatting specifiers for floats have been added to
915 print them in exponential notation.
916 * std: The `Times` trait has been removed
917 * std: Indications of variance and opting out of builtin bounds is done
918 through marker types in `std::kinds::marker` now
919 * std: `hash` has been rewritten, `IterBytes` has been removed, and
920 `#[deriving(Hash)]` is now possible.
921 * std: `SharedChan` has been removed, `Sender` is now cloneable.
922 * std: `Chan` and `Port` were renamed to `Sender` and `Receiver`.
923 * std: `Chan::new` is now `channel()`.
924 * std: A new synchronous channel type has been implemented.
925 * std: A `select!` macro is now provided for selecting over `Receiver`s.
926 * std: `hashmap` and `trie` have been moved to `libcollections`
927 * std: `run` has been rolled into `io::process`
928 * std: `assert_eq!` now uses `{}` instead of `{:?}`
929 * std: The equality and comparison traits have seen some reorganization.
930 * std: `rand` has moved to `librand`.
931 * std: `to_{lower,upper}case` has been implemented for `char`.
932 * std: Logging has been moved to `liblog`.
933 * collections: `HashMap` has been rewritten for higher performance and less
935 * native: The default runtime is now `libnative`. If `libgreen` is desired,
936 it can be booted manually. The runtime guide has more information and
938 * native: All I/O functionality except signals has been implemented.
939 * green: Task spawning with `libgreen` has been optimized with stack caching
940 and various trimming of code.
941 * green: Tasks spawned by `libgreen` now have an unmapped guard page.
942 * sync: The `extra::sync` module has been updated to modern rust (and moved
943 to the `sync` library), tweaking and improving various interfaces while
944 dropping redundant functionality.
945 * sync: A new `Barrier` type has been added to the `sync` library.
946 * sync: An efficient mutex for native and green tasks has been implemented.
947 * serialize: The `base64` module has seen some improvement. It treats
948 newlines better, has non-string error values, and has seen general
950 * fourcc: A `fourcc!` macro was introduced
951 * hexfloat: A `hexfloat!` macro was implemented for specifying floats via a
955 * `rustpkg` has been deprecated and removed from the main repository. Its
956 replacement, `cargo`, is under development.
957 * Nightly builds of rust are now available
958 * The memory usage of rustc has been improved many times throughout this
960 * The build process supports disabling rpath support for the rustc binary
962 * Code generation has improved in some cases, giving more information to the
963 LLVM optimization passes to enable more extensive optimizations.
964 * Debuginfo compatibility with lldb on OSX has been restored.
965 * The master branch is now gated on an android bot, making building for
966 android much more reliable.
967 * Output flags have been centralized into one `--emit` flag.
968 * Crate type flags have been centralized into one `--crate-type` flag.
969 * Codegen flags have been consolidated behind a `-C` flag.
970 * Linking against outdated crates now has improved error messages.
971 * Error messages with lifetimes will often suggest how to annotate the
972 function to fix the error.
973 * Many more types are documented in the standard library, and new guides
975 * Many `rustdoc` improvements:
976 * code blocks are syntax highlighted.
977 * render standalone markdown files.
978 * the --test flag tests all code blocks by default.
979 * exported macros are displayed.
980 * reexported types have their documentation inlined at the location of the
982 * search works across crates that have been rendered to the same output
986 Version 0.9 (January 2014)
987 ==========================
989 * ~1800 changes, numerous bugfixes
992 * The `float` type has been removed. Use `f32` or `f64` instead.
993 * A new facility for enabling experimental features (feature gating) has
994 been added, using the crate-level `#[feature(foo)]` attribute.
995 * Managed boxes (@) are now behind a feature gate
996 (`#[feature(managed_boxes)]`) in preparation for future removal. Use the
997 standard library's `Gc` or `Rc` types instead.
998 * `@mut` has been removed. Use `std::cell::{Cell, RefCell}` instead.
999 * Jumping back to the top of a loop is now done with `continue` instead of
1001 * Strings can no longer be mutated through index assignment.
1002 * Raw strings can be created via the basic `r"foo"` syntax or with matched
1003 hash delimiters, as in `r###"foo"###`.
1004 * `~fn` is now written `proc (args) -> retval { ... }` and may only be
1006 * The `&fn` type is now written `|args| -> ret` to match the literal form.
1007 * `@fn`s have been removed.
1008 * `do` only works with procs in order to make it obvious what the cost
1010 * Single-element tuple-like structs can no longer be dereferenced to
1011 obtain the inner value. A more comprehensive solution for overloading
1012 the dereference operator will be provided in the future.
1013 * The `#[link(...)]` attribute has been replaced with
1014 `#[crate_id = "name#vers"]`.
1015 * Empty `impl`s must be terminated with empty braces and may not be
1016 terminated with a semicolon.
1017 * Keywords are no longer allowed as lifetime names; the `self` lifetime
1018 no longer has any special meaning.
1019 * The old `fmt!` string formatting macro has been removed.
1020 * `printf!` and `printfln!` (old-style formatting) removed in favor of
1021 `print!` and `println!`.
1022 * `mut` works in patterns now, as in `let (mut x, y) = (1, 2);`.
1023 * The `extern mod foo (name = "bar")` syntax has been removed. Use
1024 `extern mod foo = "bar"` instead.
1025 * New reserved keywords: `alignof`, `offsetof`, `sizeof`.
1026 * Macros can have attributes.
1027 * Macros can expand to items with attributes.
1028 * Macros can expand to multiple items.
1029 * The `asm!` macro is feature-gated (`#[feature(asm)]`).
1030 * Comments may be nested.
1031 * Values automatically coerce to trait objects they implement, without
1033 * Enum discriminants are no longer an entire word but as small as needed to
1034 contain all the variants. The `repr` attribute can be used to override
1035 the discriminant size, as in `#[repr(int)]` for integer-sized, and
1036 `#[repr(C)]` to match C enums.
1037 * Non-string literals are not allowed in attributes (they never worked).
1038 * The FFI now supports variadic functions.
1039 * Octal numeric literals, as in `0o7777`.
1040 * The `concat!` syntax extension performs compile-time string concatenation.
1041 * The `#[fixed_stack_segment]` and `#[rust_stack]` attributes have been
1042 removed as Rust no longer uses segmented stacks.
1043 * Non-ascii identifiers are feature-gated (`#[feature(non_ascii_idents)]`).
1044 * Ignoring all fields of an enum variant or tuple-struct is done with `..`,
1045 not `*`; ignoring remaining fields of a struct is also done with `..`,
1046 not `_`; ignoring a slice of a vector is done with `..`, not `.._`.
1047 * `rustc` supports the "win64" calling convention via `extern "win64"`.
1048 * `rustc` supports the "system" calling convention, which defaults to the
1049 preferred convention for the target platform, "stdcall" on 32-bit Windows,
1051 * The `type_overflow` lint (default: warn) checks literals for overflow.
1052 * The `unsafe_block` lint (default: allow) checks for usage of `unsafe`.
1053 * The `attribute_usage` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1055 * The `unknown_features` lint (default: warn) warns about unknown
1057 * The `dead_code` lint (default: warn) checks for dead code.
1058 * Rust libraries can be linked statically to one another
1059 * `#[link_args]` is behind the `link_args` feature gate.
1060 * Native libraries are now linked with `#[link(name = "foo")]`
1061 * Native libraries can be statically linked to a rust crate
1062 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "static")]`).
1063 * Native OS X frameworks are now officially supported
1064 (`#[link(name = "foo", kind = "framework")]`).
1065 * The `#[thread_local]` attribute creates thread-local (not task-local)
1066 variables. Currently behind the `thread_local` feature gate.
1067 * The `return` keyword may be used in closures.
1068 * Types that can be copied via a memcpy implement the `Pod` kind.
1069 * The `cfg` attribute can now be used on struct fields and enum variants.
1072 * std: The `option` and `result` API's have been overhauled to make them
1073 simpler, more consistent, and more composable.
1074 * std: The entire `std::io` module has been replaced with one that is
1075 more comprehensive and that properly interfaces with the underlying
1076 scheduler. File, TCP, UDP, Unix sockets, pipes, and timers are all
1078 * std: `io::util` contains a number of useful implementations of
1079 `Reader` and `Writer`, including `NullReader`, `NullWriter`,
1080 `ZeroReader`, `TeeReader`.
1081 * std: The reference counted pointer type `extra::rc` moved into std.
1082 * std: The `Gc` type in the `gc` module will replace `@` (it is currently
1083 just a wrapper around it).
1084 * std: The `Either` type has been removed.
1085 * std: `fmt::Default` can be implemented for any type to provide default
1086 formatting to the `format!` macro, as in `format!("{}", myfoo)`.
1087 * std: The `rand` API continues to be tweaked.
1088 * std: The `rust_begin_unwind` function, useful for inserting breakpoints
1089 on failure in gdb, is now named `rust_fail`.
1090 * std: The `each_key` and `each_value` methods on `HashMap` have been
1091 replaced by the `keys` and `values` iterators.
1092 * std: Functions dealing with type size and alignment have moved from the
1093 `sys` module to the `mem` module.
1094 * std: The `path` module was written and API changed.
1095 * std: `str::from_utf8` has been changed to cast instead of allocate.
1096 * std: `starts_with` and `ends_with` methods added to vectors via the
1097 `ImmutableEqVector` trait, which is in the prelude.
1098 * std: Vectors can be indexed with the `get_opt` method, which returns `None`
1099 if the index is out of bounds.
1100 * std: Task failure no longer propagates between tasks, as the model was
1101 complex, expensive, and incompatible with thread-based tasks.
1102 * std: The `Any` type can be used for dynamic typing.
1103 * std: `~Any` can be passed to the `fail!` macro and retrieved via
1105 * std: Methods that produce iterators generally do not have an `_iter`
1107 * std: `cell::Cell` and `cell::RefCell` can be used to introduce mutability
1108 roots (mutable fields, etc.). Use instead of e.g. `@mut`.
1109 * std: `util::ignore` renamed to `prelude::drop`.
1110 * std: Slices have `sort` and `sort_by` methods via the `MutableVector`
1112 * std: `vec::raw` has seen a lot of cleanup and API changes.
1113 * std: The standard library no longer includes any C++ code, and very
1114 minimal C, eliminating the dependency on libstdc++.
1115 * std: Runtime scheduling and I/O functionality has been factored out into
1116 extensible interfaces and is now implemented by two different crates:
1117 libnative, for native threading and I/O; and libgreen, for green threading
1118 and I/O. This paves the way for using the standard library in more limited
1119 embedded environments.
1120 * std: The `comm` module has been rewritten to be much faster, have a
1121 simpler, more consistent API, and to work for both native and green
1123 * std: All libuv dependencies have been moved into the rustuv crate.
1124 * native: New implementations of runtime scheduling on top of OS threads.
1125 * native: New native implementations of TCP, UDP, file I/O, process spawning,
1127 * green: The green thread scheduler and message passing types are almost
1129 * extra: The `flatpipes` module had bitrotted and was removed.
1130 * extra: All crypto functions have been removed and Rust now has a policy of
1131 not reimplementing crypto in the standard library. In the future crypto
1132 will be provided by external crates with bindings to established libraries.
1133 * extra: `c_vec` has been modernized.
1134 * extra: The `sort` module has been removed. Use the `sort` method on
1138 * The `rust` and `rusti` commands have been removed, due to lack of
1140 * `rustdoc` was completely rewritten.
1141 * `rustdoc` can test code examples in documentation.
1142 * `rustpkg` can test packages with the argument, 'test'.
1143 * `rustpkg` supports arbitrary dependencies, including C libraries.
1144 * `rustc`'s support for generating debug info is improved again.
1145 * `rustc` has better error reporting for unbalanced delimiters.
1146 * `rustc`'s JIT support was removed due to bitrot.
1147 * Executables and static libraries can be built with LTO (-Z lto)
1148 * `rustc` adds a `--dep-info` flag for communicating dependencies to
1152 Version 0.8 (September 2013)
1153 ============================
1155 * ~2200 changes, numerous bugfixes
1158 * The `for` loop syntax has changed to work with the `Iterator` trait.
1159 * At long last, unwinding works on Windows.
1160 * Default methods are ready for use.
1161 * Many trait inheritance bugs fixed.
1162 * Owned and borrowed trait objects work more reliably.
1163 * `copy` is no longer a keyword. It has been replaced by the `Clone` trait.
1164 * rustc can omit emission of code for the `debug!` macro if it is passed
1166 * mod.rs is now "blessed". When loading `mod foo;`, rustc will now look
1167 for foo.rs, then foo/mod.rs, and will generate an error when both are
1169 * Strings no longer contain trailing nulls. The new `std::c_str` module
1170 provides new mechanisms for converting to C strings.
1171 * The type of foreign functions is now `extern "C" fn` instead of `*u8'.
1172 * The FFI has been overhauled such that foreign functions are called directly,
1173 instead of through a stack-switching wrapper.
1174 * Calling a foreign function must be done through a Rust function with the
1175 `#[fixed_stack_segment]` attribute.
1176 * The `externfn!` macro can be used to declare both a foreign function and
1177 a `#[fixed_stack_segment]` wrapper at once.
1178 * `pub` and `priv` modifiers on `extern` blocks are no longer parsed.
1179 * `unsafe` is no longer allowed on extern fns - they are all unsafe.
1180 * `priv` is disallowed everywhere except for struct fields and enum variants.
1181 * `&T` (besides `&'static T`) is no longer allowed in `@T`.
1182 * `ref` bindings in irrefutable patterns work correctly now.
1183 * `char` is now prevented from containing invalid code points.
1184 * Casting to `bool` is no longer allowed.
1185 * `\0` is now accepted as an escape in chars and strings.
1186 * `yield` is a reserved keyword.
1187 * `typeof` is a reserved keyword.
1188 * Crates may be imported by URL with `extern mod foo = "url";`.
1189 * Explicit enum discriminants may be given as uints as in `enum E { V = 0u }`
1190 * Static vectors can be initialized with repeating elements,
1191 e.g. `static foo: [u8, .. 100]: [0, .. 100];`.
1192 * Static structs can be initialized with functional record update,
1193 e.g. `static foo: Foo = Foo { a: 5, .. bar };`.
1194 * `cfg!` can be used to conditionally execute code based on the crate
1195 configuration, similarly to `#[cfg(...)]`.
1196 * The `unnecessary_qualification` lint detects unneeded module
1197 prefixes (default: allow).
1198 * Arithmetic operations have been implemented on the SIMD types in
1199 `std::unstable::simd`.
1200 * Exchange allocation headers were removed, reducing memory usage.
1201 * `format!` implements a completely new, extensible, and higher-performance
1202 string formatting system. It will replace `fmt!`.
1203 * `print!` and `println!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1204 extension) to stdout.
1205 * `write!` and `writeln!` write formatted strings (using the `format!`
1206 extension) to the new Writers in `std::rt::io`.
1207 * The library section in which a function or static is placed may
1208 be specified with `#[link_section = "..."]`.
1209 * The `proto!` syntax extension for defining bounded message protocols
1211 * `macro_rules!` is hygienic for `let` declarations.
1212 * The `#[export_name]` attribute specifies the name of a symbol.
1213 * `unreachable!` can be used to indicate unreachable code, and fails
1217 * std: Transitioned to the new runtime, written in Rust.
1218 * std: Added an experimental I/O library, `rt::io`, based on the new
1220 * std: A new generic `range` function was added to the prelude, replacing
1221 `uint::range` and friends.
1222 * std: `range_rev` no longer exists. Since range is an iterator it can be
1223 reversed with `range(lo, hi).invert()`.
1224 * std: The `chain` method on option renamed to `and_then`; `unwrap_or_default`
1225 renamed to `unwrap_or`.
1226 * std: The `iterator` module was renamed to `iter`.
1227 * std: Integral types now support the `checked_add`, `checked_sub`, and
1228 `checked_mul` operations for detecting overflow.
1229 * std: Many methods in `str`, `vec`, `option, `result` were renamed for
1231 * std: Methods are standardizing on conventions for casting methods:
1232 `to_foo` for copying, `into_foo` for moving, `as_foo` for temporary
1234 * std: The `CString` type in `c_str` provides new ways to convert to and
1236 * std: `DoubleEndedIterator` can yield elements in two directions.
1237 * std: The `mut_split` method on vectors partitions an `&mut [T]` into
1239 * std: `str::from_bytes` renamed to `str::from_utf8`.
1240 * std: `pop_opt` and `shift_opt` methods added to vectors.
1241 * std: The task-local data interface no longer uses @, and keys are
1242 no longer function pointers.
1243 * std: The `swap_unwrap` method of `Option` renamed to `take_unwrap`.
1244 * std: Added `SharedPort` to `comm`.
1245 * std: `Eq` has a default method for `ne`; only `eq` is required
1247 * std: `Ord` has default methods for `le`, `gt` and `ge`; only `lt`
1248 is required in implementations.
1249 * std: `is_utf8` performance is improved, impacting many string functions.
1250 * std: `os::MemoryMap` provides cross-platform mmap.
1251 * std: `ptr::offset` is now unsafe, but also more optimized. Offsets that
1252 are not 'in-bounds' are considered undefined.
1253 * std: Many freestanding functions in `vec` removed in favor of methods.
1254 * std: Many freestanding functions on scalar types removed in favor of
1256 * std: Many options to task builders were removed since they don't make
1257 sense in the new scheduler design.
1258 * std: More containers implement `FromIterator` so can be created by the
1260 * std: More complete atomic types in `unstable::atomics`.
1261 * std: `comm::PortSet` removed.
1262 * std: Mutating methods in the `Set` and `Map` traits have been moved into
1263 the `MutableSet` and `MutableMap` traits. `Container::is_empty`,
1264 `Map::contains_key`, `MutableMap::insert`, and `MutableMap::remove` have
1265 default implementations.
1266 * std: Various `from_str` functions were removed in favor of a generic
1267 `from_str` which is available in the prelude.
1268 * std: `util::unreachable` removed in favor of the `unreachable!` macro.
1269 * extra: `dlist`, the doubly-linked list was modernized.
1270 * extra: Added a `hex` module with `ToHex` and `FromHex` traits.
1271 * extra: Added `glob` module, replacing `std::os::glob`.
1272 * extra: `rope` was removed.
1273 * extra: `deque` was renamed to `ringbuf`. `RingBuf` implements `Deque`.
1274 * extra: `net`, and `timer` were removed. The experimental replacements
1275 are `std::rt::io::net` and `std::rt::io::timer`.
1276 * extra: Iterators implemented for `SmallIntMap`.
1277 * extra: Iterators implemented for `Bitv` and `BitvSet`.
1278 * extra: `SmallIntSet` removed. Use `BitvSet`.
1279 * extra: Performance of JSON parsing greatly improved.
1280 * extra: `semver` updated to SemVer 2.0.0.
1281 * extra: `term` handles more terminals correctly.
1282 * extra: `dbg` module removed.
1283 * extra: `par` module removed.
1284 * extra: `future` was cleaned up, with some method renames.
1285 * extra: Most free functions in `getopts` were converted to methods.
1288 * rustc's debug info generation (`-Z debug-info`) is greatly improved.
1289 * rustc accepts `--target-cpu` to compile to a specific CPU architecture,
1290 similarly to gcc's `--march` flag.
1291 * rustc's performance compiling small crates is much better.
1292 * rustpkg has received many improvements.
1293 * rustpkg supports git tags as package IDs.
1294 * rustpkg builds into target-specific directories so it can be used for
1296 * The number of concurrent test tasks is controlled by the environment
1297 variable RUST_TEST_TASKS.
1298 * The test harness can now report metrics for benchmarks.
1299 * All tools have man pages.
1300 * Programs compiled with `--test` now support the `-h` and `--help` flags.
1301 * The runtime uses jemalloc for allocations.
1302 * Segmented stacks are temporarily disabled as part of the transition to
1303 the new runtime. Stack overflows are possible!
1304 * A new documentation backend, rustdoc_ng, is available for use. It is
1305 still invoked through the normal `rustdoc` command.
1308 Version 0.7 (July 2013)
1309 =======================
1311 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1314 * `impl`s no longer accept a visibility qualifier. Put them on methods
1316 * The borrow checker has been rewritten with flow-sensitivity, fixing
1317 many bugs and inconveniences.
1318 * The `self` parameter no longer implicitly means `&'self self`,
1319 and can be explicitly marked with a lifetime.
1320 * Overloadable compound operators (`+=`, etc.) have been temporarily
1321 removed due to bugs.
1322 * The `for` loop protocol now requires `for`-iterators to return `bool`
1323 so they compose better.
1324 * The `Durable` trait is replaced with the `'static` bounds.
1325 * Trait default methods work more often.
1326 * Structs with the `#[packed]` attribute have byte alignment and
1327 no padding between fields.
1328 * Type parameters bound by `Copy` must now be copied explicitly with
1330 * It is now illegal to move out of a dereferenced unsafe pointer.
1331 * `Option<~T>` is now represented as a nullable pointer.
1332 * `@mut` does dynamic borrow checks correctly.
1333 * The `main` function is only detected at the topmost level of the crate.
1334 The `#[main]` attribute is still valid anywhere.
1335 * Struct fields may no longer be mutable. Use inherited mutability.
1336 * The `#[no_send]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1338 * The `#[no_freeze]` attribute makes a type that would otherwise be
1340 * Unbounded recursion will abort the process after reaching the limit
1341 specified by the `RUST_MAX_STACK` environment variable (default: 1GB).
1342 * The `vecs_implicitly_copyable` lint mode has been removed. Vectors
1343 are never implicitly copyable.
1344 * `#[static_assert]` makes compile-time assertions about static bools.
1345 * At long last, 'argument modes' no longer exist.
1346 * The rarely used `use mod` statement no longer exists.
1349 * `fail!` and `assert!` accept `~str`, `&'static str` or `fmt!`-style
1351 * `Encodable`, `Decodable`, `Ord`, `TotalOrd`, `TotalEq`, `DeepClone`,
1352 `Rand`, `Zero` and `ToStr` can all be automatically derived with
1354 * The `bytes!` macro returns a vector of bytes for string, u8, char,
1355 and unsuffixed integer literals.
1358 * The `core` crate was renamed to `std`.
1359 * The `std` crate was renamed to `extra`.
1360 * More and improved documentation.
1361 * std: `iterator` module for external iterator objects.
1362 * Many old-style (internal, higher-order function) iterators replaced by
1363 implementations of `Iterator`.
1364 * std: Many old internal vector and string iterators,
1365 incl. `any`, `all`. removed.
1366 * std: The `finalize` method of `Drop` renamed to `drop`.
1367 * std: The `drop` method now takes `&mut self` instead of `&self`.
1368 * std: The prelude no longer reexports any modules, only types and traits.
1369 * std: Prelude additions: `print`, `println`, `FromStr`, `ApproxEq`, `Equiv`,
1370 `Iterator`, `IteratorUtil`, many numeric traits, many tuple traits.
1371 * std: New numeric traits: `Fractional`, `Real`, `RealExt`, `Integer`, `Ratio`,
1372 `Algebraic`, `Trigonometric`, `Exponential`, `Primitive`.
1373 * std: Tuple traits and accessors defined for up to 12-tuples, e.g.
1374 `(0, 1, 2).n2()` or `(0, 1, 2).n2_ref()`.
1375 * std: Many types implement `Clone`.
1376 * std: `path` type renamed to `Path`.
1377 * std: `mut` module and `Mut` type removed.
1378 * std: Many standalone functions removed in favor of methods and iterators
1379 in `vec`, `str`. In the future methods will also work as functions.
1380 * std: `reinterpret_cast` removed. Use `transmute`.
1381 * std: ascii string handling in `std::ascii`.
1382 * std: `Rand` is implemented for ~/@.
1383 * std: `run` module for spawning processes overhauled.
1384 * std: Various atomic types added to `unstable::atomic`.
1385 * std: Various types implement `Zero`.
1386 * std: `LinearMap` and `LinearSet` renamed to `HashMap` and `HashSet`.
1387 * std: Borrowed pointer functions moved from `ptr` to `borrow`.
1388 * std: Added `os::mkdir_recursive`.
1389 * std: Added `os::glob` function performs filesystems globs.
1390 * std: `FuzzyEq` renamed to `ApproxEq`.
1391 * std: `Map` now defines `pop` and `swap` methods.
1392 * std: `Cell` constructors converted to static methods.
1393 * extra: `rc` module adds the reference counted pointers, `Rc` and `RcMut`.
1394 * extra: `flate` module moved from `std` to `extra`.
1395 * extra: `fileinput` module for iterating over a series of files.
1396 * extra: `Complex` number type and `complex` module.
1397 * extra: `Rational` number type and `rational` module.
1398 * extra: `BigInt`, `BigUint` implement numeric and comparison traits.
1399 * extra: `term` uses terminfo now, is more correct.
1400 * extra: `arc` functions converted to methods.
1401 * extra: Implementation of fixed output size variations of SHA-2.
1404 * `unused_variable` lint mode for unused variables (default: warn).
1405 * `unused_unsafe` lint mode for detecting unnecessary `unsafe` blocks
1407 * `unused_mut` lint mode for identifying unused `mut` qualifiers
1409 * `dead_assignment` lint mode for unread variables (default: warn).
1410 * `unnecessary_allocation` lint mode detects some heap allocations that are
1411 immediately borrowed so could be written without allocating (default: warn).
1412 * `missing_doc` lint mode (default: allow).
1413 * `unreachable_code` lint mode (default: warn).
1414 * The `rusti` command has been rewritten and a number of bugs addressed.
1415 * rustc outputs in color on more terminals.
1416 * rustc accepts a `--link-args` flag to pass arguments to the linker.
1417 * rustc accepts a `-Z print-link-args` flag for debugging linkage.
1418 * Compiling with `-g` will make the binary record information about
1419 dynamic borrowcheck failures for debugging.
1420 * rustdoc has a nicer stylesheet.
1421 * Various improvements to rustdoc.
1422 * Improvements to rustpkg (see the detailed release notes).
1425 Version 0.6 (April 2013)
1426 ========================
1428 * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes
1431 * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self`
1432 * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly
1433 named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated.
1434 * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead
1435 are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter
1436 * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime
1437 * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been
1438 removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil
1439 * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths
1440 * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace
1441 * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type`
1442 instead of `impl Type: Trait`
1443 * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo`
1444 * The `export` keyword has finally been removed
1445 * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes")
1446 * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been
1447 removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc.
1448 * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability
1449 * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()`
1450 * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()`
1451 * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc.
1452 * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)`
1453 * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability,
1454 `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell`
1455 * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign
1456 function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }`
1457 * Newtype enums removed. Use tuple-structs.
1458 * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers
1459 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1460 * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name,
1461 and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals.
1462 * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc.
1463 * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with
1464 `#[deriving(Clone)]`
1465 * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar`
1466 instead of `foo as Bar`.
1467 * Fixed length vector types are now written as `[int, .. 3]`
1468 instead of `[int * 3]`.
1469 * Fixed length vector types can express the length as a constant
1470 expression. (ex: `[int, .. GL_BUFFER_SIZE - 2]`)
1473 * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default,
1474 eliminating the `move` keyword
1475 * All foreign functions are considered unsafe
1476 * &mut is now unaliasable
1477 * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically
1479 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main]
1480 * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn
1481 * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import
1482 identifiers imported by previous `use` statements
1483 * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top"
1484 of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::`
1485 or `self::` to change the search behavior.
1486 * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration
1487 * Structural records have been removed
1488 * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums
1489 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors
1490 * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded
1491 * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to
1492 improve inference and eliminate unsoundness
1493 * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is
1494 tagged with #[macro_escape]
1497 * Added big integers to `std::bigint`
1498 * Removed `core::oldcomm` module
1499 * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module
1500 * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num`
1501 * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice
1502 * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)`
1503 * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container`
1504 * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement
1505 * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap`
1506 * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap`
1507 * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree
1508 * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers
1509 * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys
1510 * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap`
1511 * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to
1512 overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used
1513 by certain container types
1516 * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg'
1517 * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool
1518 * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute
1519 * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions
1520 * Improved support for ARM and Android
1521 * Preliminary MIPS backend
1522 * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64
1523 * Various memory usage improvements
1524 * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances
1525 * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension.
1528 Version 0.5 (December 2012)
1529 ===========================
1531 * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1534 * Removed `<-` move operator
1535 * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!`
1536 * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N`
1537 * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc.
1538 * Macros may now expand to items and statements
1539 * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection
1540 * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated
1541 with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively
1542 * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files
1543 * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern
1546 * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects
1547 * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums.
1548 * Enum variants may be structs
1549 * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait
1550 * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants
1551 * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved
1552 without writing `move` explicitly
1553 * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T`
1554 * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls
1555 * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths
1556 * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static
1557 method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are
1560 * Improved support for language features
1561 * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios
1562 * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self`
1563 `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected
1564 * Static methods work in more situations
1565 * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations
1569 * New condition handling system in `core::condition`
1570 * Timsort added to `std::sort`
1571 * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue`
1572 * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes'
1573 * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based
1574 * Expanded `getopts` definitions
1575 * Moved futures to `std`
1576 * More functions are pure now
1577 * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated
1578 * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now
1581 * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti`
1582 * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2
1585 Version 0.4 (October 2012)
1586 ==========================
1588 * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes
1591 * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere
1592 * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send',
1593 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'.
1594 * Classes are replaced with simpler structs
1595 * Explicit method self types
1596 * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match`
1597 * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod`
1598 * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }`
1599 * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules
1600 * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists
1601 * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>)
1602 * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead
1605 * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses
1606 * Trait methods may be static
1607 * Argument modes are deprecated
1608 * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use
1609 * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory
1610 * Typestate was removed
1611 * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable
1612 * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing)
1615 * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in
1617 * `std::net::url` for representing URLs
1618 * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map`
1619 * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API
1622 * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe,
1623 along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes`
1624 * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory
1626 * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes
1627 * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable
1628 * More robust linked task failure
1629 * Improved task builder API
1632 * Improved error reporting
1633 * Preliminary JIT support
1634 * Preliminary work on precise GC
1635 * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc
1636 * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to
1637 Rust-based (visitor) code
1638 * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash
1641 Version 0.3 (July 2012)
1642 ========================
1644 * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes
1646 * New coding conveniences
1647 * Integer-literal suffix inference
1648 * Per-item control over warnings, errors
1649 * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes
1650 * Documentation comments
1651 * More compact closure syntax
1652 * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as
1654 * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields)
1657 * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten
1658 * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias
1660 * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness
1661 pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis
1662 * Extensive work on region pointers
1664 * Experimental new language features
1665 * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors
1666 * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution
1667 * Destructors and iface implementation for classes;
1668 type-parameterized classes and class methods
1669 * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement
1670 shared-memory concurrency patterns
1674 * Removal of various obsolete features
1675 * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind',
1676 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again')
1678 * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding,
1679 resources (replaced by destructors)
1681 * Compiler reorganization
1682 * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate
1683 * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build
1684 * Typechecker split into sub-modules
1687 * New time functions
1688 * Extension methods for many built-in types
1689 * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells
1690 * Par: parallel map and search routines
1691 * Extensive work on libuv interface
1692 * Much vector code moved to libraries
1693 * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify,
1694 #include, #include_str, #include_bin
1697 * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies
1700 Version 0.2 (March 2012)
1701 =========================
1703 * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes
1705 * New docs and doc tooling
1707 * New port: FreeBSD x86_64
1709 * Compilation model enhancements
1710 * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated
1711 * Functions now inlined across separate crates
1713 * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes
1714 * Noticeably improved message-passing performance
1715 * Explicit schedulers
1719 * Experimental new language features
1720 * Operator overloading
1724 * Various language extensions
1725 * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...'
1726 * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }'
1727 * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut'
1728 * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...'
1729 * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;'
1730 * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked
1731 * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'.
1734 * AST quasi-quote syntax extension
1735 * Revived libuv interface
1736 * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena
1737 * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os}
1738 * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore
1741 Version 0.1 (January 20, 2012)
1742 ===============================
1744 * Most language features work, including:
1745 * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics
1746 * Interface-constrained generics
1747 * Static interface dispatch
1749 * Multithread task scheduling
1750 * Typestate predicates
1751 * Failure unwinding, destructors
1752 * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment
1753 * Lightweight block-lambda syntax
1754 * Preliminary macro-by-example
1756 * Compiler works with the following configurations:
1757 * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1758 * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets
1759 * Windows: x86 hosts and targets
1761 * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported.
1763 * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included.
1767 * Documentation is incomplete.
1769 * Performance is below intended target.
1771 * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization.
1773 * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will
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