2 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Manishearth/rust-clippy.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Manishearth/rust-clippy)
4 A collection of lints to catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.
6 [Jump to usage instructions](#usage)
9 There are 60 lints included in this crate:
11 name | default | meaning
12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 [approx_constant](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#approx_constant) | warn | the approximate of a known float constant (in `std::f64::consts` or `std::f32::consts`) is found; suggests to use the constant
14 [bad_bit_mask](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#bad_bit_mask) | warn | expressions of the form `_ & mask == select` that will only ever return `true` or `false` (because in the example `select` containing bits that `mask` doesn't have)
15 [box_vec](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#box_vec) | warn | usage of `Box<Vec<T>>`, vector elements are already on the heap
16 [cast_possible_truncation](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_possible_truncation) | allow | casts that may cause truncation of the value, e.g `x as u8` where `x: u32`, or `x as i32` where `x: f32`
17 [cast_possible_wrap](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_possible_wrap) | allow | casts that may cause wrapping around the value, e.g `x as i32` where `x: u32` and `x > i32::MAX`
18 [cast_precision_loss](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_precision_loss) | allow | casts that cause loss of precision, e.g `x as f32` where `x: u64`
19 [cast_sign_loss](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cast_sign_loss) | allow | casts from signed types to unsigned types, e.g `x as u32` where `x: i32`
20 [cmp_nan](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cmp_nan) | deny | comparisons to NAN (which will always return false, which is probably not intended)
21 [cmp_owned](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#cmp_owned) | warn | creating owned instances for comparing with others, e.g. `x == "foo".to_string()`
22 [collapsible_if](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#collapsible_if) | warn | two nested `if`-expressions can be collapsed into one, e.g. `if x { if y { foo() } }` can be written as `if x && y { foo() }`
23 [eq_op](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#eq_op) | warn | equal operands on both sides of a comparison or bitwise combination (e.g. `x == x`)
24 [explicit_counter_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#explicit_counter_loop) | warn | for-looping with an explicit counter when `_.enumerate()` would do
25 [explicit_iter_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#explicit_iter_loop) | warn | for-looping over `_.iter()` or `_.iter_mut()` when `&_` or `&mut _` would do
26 [float_cmp](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#float_cmp) | warn | using `==` or `!=` on float values (as floating-point operations usually involve rounding errors, it is always better to check for approximate equality within small bounds)
27 [identity_op](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#identity_op) | warn | using identity operations, e.g. `x + 0` or `y / 1`
28 [ineffective_bit_mask](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#ineffective_bit_mask) | warn | expressions where a bit mask will be rendered useless by a comparison, e.g. `(x | 1) > 2`
29 [inline_always](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#inline_always) | warn | `#[inline(always)]` is a bad idea in most cases
30 [iter_next_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#iter_next_loop) | warn | for-looping over `_.next()` which is probably not intended
31 [len_without_is_empty](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#len_without_is_empty) | warn | traits and impls that have `.len()` but not `.is_empty()`
32 [len_zero](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#len_zero) | warn | checking `.len() == 0` or `.len() > 0` (or similar) when `.is_empty()` could be used instead
33 [let_and_return](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#let_and_return) | warn | creating a let-binding and then immediately returning it like `let x = expr; x` at the end of a block
34 [let_unit_value](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#let_unit_value) | warn | creating a let binding to a value of unit type, which usually can't be used afterwards
35 [linkedlist](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#linkedlist) | warn | usage of LinkedList, usually a vector is faster, or a more specialized data structure like a VecDeque
36 [match_ref_pats](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#match_ref_pats) | warn | a match has all arms prefixed with `&`; the match expression can be dereferenced instead
37 [min_max](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#min_max) | warn | `min(_, max(_, _))` (or vice versa) with bounds clamping the result to a constant
38 [modulo_one](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#modulo_one) | warn | taking a number modulo 1, which always returns 0
39 [mut_mut](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#mut_mut) | allow | usage of double-mut refs, e.g. `&mut &mut ...` (either copy'n'paste error, or shows a fundamental misunderstanding of references)
40 [needless_bool](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_bool) | warn | if-statements with plain booleans in the then- and else-clause, e.g. `if p { true } else { false }`
41 [needless_lifetimes](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_lifetimes) | warn | using explicit lifetimes for references in function arguments when elision rules would allow omitting them
42 [needless_range_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_range_loop) | warn | for-looping over a range of indices where an iterator over items would do
43 [needless_return](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#needless_return) | warn | using a return statement like `return expr;` where an expression would suffice
44 [non_ascii_literal](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#non_ascii_literal) | allow | using any literal non-ASCII chars in a string literal; suggests using the \\u escape instead
45 [nonsensical_open_options](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#nonsensical_open_options) | warn | The options used for opening a file are nonsensical
46 [option_unwrap_used](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#option_unwrap_used) | allow | using `Option.unwrap()`, which should at least get a better message using `expect()`
47 [precedence](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#precedence) | warn | catches operations where precedence may be unclear. See the wiki for a list of cases caught
48 [ptr_arg](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#ptr_arg) | allow | fn arguments of the type `&Vec<...>` or `&String`, suggesting to use `&[...]` or `&str` instead, respectively
49 [range_step_by_zero](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#range_step_by_zero) | warn | using Range::step_by(0), which produces an infinite iterator
50 [redundant_closure](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#redundant_closure) | warn | using redundant closures, i.e. `|a| foo(a)` (which can be written as just `foo`)
51 [redundant_pattern](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#redundant_pattern) | warn | using `name @ _` in a pattern
52 [result_unwrap_used](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#result_unwrap_used) | allow | using `Result.unwrap()`, which might be better handled
53 [reverse_range_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#reverse_range_loop) | warn | Iterating over an empty range, such as `10..0` or `5..5`
54 [shadow_reuse](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_reuse) | allow | rebinding a name to an expression that re-uses the original value, e.g. `let x = x + 1`
55 [shadow_same](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_same) | allow | rebinding a name to itself, e.g. `let mut x = &mut x`
56 [shadow_unrelated](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#shadow_unrelated) | allow | The name is re-bound without even using the original value
57 [should_implement_trait](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#should_implement_trait) | warn | defining a method that should be implementing a std trait
58 [single_match](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#single_match) | warn | a match statement with a single nontrivial arm (i.e, where the other arm is `_ => {}`) is used; recommends `if let` instead
59 [str_to_string](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#str_to_string) | warn | using `to_string()` on a str, which should be `to_owned()`
60 [string_add](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_add) | allow | using `x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
61 [string_add_assign](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_add_assign) | allow | using `x = x + ..` where x is a `String`; suggests using `push_str()` instead
62 [string_to_string](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#string_to_string) | warn | calling `String.to_string()` which is a no-op
63 [toplevel_ref_arg](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#toplevel_ref_arg) | warn | An entire binding was declared as `ref`, in a function argument (`fn foo(ref x: Bar)`), or a `let` statement (`let ref x = foo()`). In such cases, it is preferred to take references with `&`.
64 [type_complexity](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#type_complexity) | warn | usage of very complex types; recommends factoring out parts into `type` definitions
65 [unicode_not_nfc](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unicode_not_nfc) | allow | using a unicode literal not in NFC normal form (see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/ for further information)
66 [unit_cmp](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unit_cmp) | warn | comparing unit values (which is always `true` or `false`, respectively)
67 [unnecessary_mut_passed](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unnecessary_mut_passed) | warn | an argument is passed as a mutable reference although the function/method only demands an immutable reference
68 [unused_collect](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#unused_collect) | warn | `collect()`ing an iterator without using the result; this is usually better written as a for loop
69 [while_let_loop](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#while_let_loop) | warn | `loop { if let { ... } else break }` can be written as a `while let` loop
70 [wrong_pub_self_convention](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#wrong_pub_self_convention) | allow | defining a public method named with an established prefix (like "into_") that takes `self` with the wrong convention
71 [wrong_self_convention](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#wrong_self_convention) | warn | defining a method named with an established prefix (like "into_") that takes `self` with the wrong convention
72 [zero_width_space](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#zero_width_space) | deny | using a zero-width space in a string literal, which is confusing
74 More to come, please [file an issue](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/issues) if you have ideas!
78 Compiler plugins are highly unstable and will only work with a nightly Rust for now. Since stable Rust is backwards compatible, you should be able to compile your stable programs with nightly Rust with clippy plugged in to circumvent this.
80 Add in your `Cargo.toml`:
86 You may also use [`cargo clippy`](https://github.com/arcnmx/cargo-clippy), a custom cargo subcommand that runs clippy on a given project.
98 Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
104 Produces this warning:
106 src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 warning: you seem to be trying to use match for destructuring a single type. Consider using `if let`, #[warn(single_match)] on by default
107 src/main.rs:8 match x {
108 src/main.rs:9 Some(y) => println!("{:?}", y),
109 src/main.rs:10 _ => ()
111 src/main.rs:8:5: 11:6 help: Try
112 if let Some(y) = x { println!("{:?}", y) }
115 You can add options to `allow`/`warn`/`deny`:
116 - the whole set using the `clippy` lint group (`#![deny(clippy)]`, etc)
117 - only some lints (`#![deny(single_match, box_vec)]`, etc)
118 - `allow`/`warn`/`deny` can be limited to a single function or module using `#[allow(...)]`, etc
120 Note: `deny` produces errors instead of warnings
122 To have cargo compile your crate with clippy without needing `#![plugin(clippy)]`
123 in your code, you can use:
126 cargo rustc -- -L /path/to/clippy_so -Z extra-plugins=clippy
129 *[Note](https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#a-word-of-warning):* Be sure that clippy was compiled with the same version of rustc that cargo invokes here!
132 Licensed under [MPL](https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/). If you're having issues with the license, let me know and I'll try to change it to something more permissive.